Hydraulics- Individual assignment I

Part I on fluid properties

1. Three different types of liquids having volumesV1,V2 andV3 and specific gravities S1,S2
and S3 respectively are mixed. If the bulk of the liquid shrinks by 1% on mixing, express
the specific gravity of the mixture in terms of volumes and relative densities.

2. The variation in the density of water,, with temperature, T, in the range 20cT5Oc
is given in the following table.

Density (kg/m3) 998.2 997.1 995.7 994.1 992.2 990.2 988.1

Temperature (c) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Use these data to determine an empirical equation of the form =C1+C2T+C3T2 which can
be used to predict the density over the range indicated. Compare the predicted values with
the data given. What is the density of water at 37.5C? Hint: Use Q- Regression.

3. A steel container expands in volume 1% when the pressure with in it is increased by

70Mpa. At standard pressure, it holds 8kg of water; =1000kg/m3. For K=2.05Gpa, when
it is filled, how many kilograms of water must be added to increase the pressure to 70Mpa
(gage)?

4. A 196.2N cubical block, having 20 cm edge, slides down an inclined plane making an
angle of 200 with the horizontal on which there is a thin film of oil having a viscosity of
2.16*103Ns/m2. What terminal velocity the block will attain, if the film thickness is
estimated to be 0.025mm?

5. A very large thin plate is centered in a gap of width 6cm with different oils of unknown
viscosities above and below, the viscosity of one being twice that of the other. When the
plate is pulled at a velocity of 30cm/sec, the resulting force on one square meter of plate
due to viscous shear on both sides is 29.4N. Assuming viscous flow and neglecting all
end effects, calculate viscosities of the oils in poise.

6. The side and bottom space of two concentric cylinders is filled with fluid. The outer
cylinder is rotated at a speed of 200 rpm and a torque of 2.5N-m is required to maintain
this speed. The inner cylinder, which is suspended by a torsion wire, will remain
stationary. Neglecting end effects, determine the fluid viscosity. (See the figure).
5mm

20cm
20 cm 25cm

5mm

=200 r.p.m
Fluid

Lecture Note on Hydrostatics AASTU 1

 Hydraulics- Individual assignment I

7. In the figure, oil of viscosity  fills the small gap of thickness y. Determine an
expression for the torque T required to rotate the truncated cone at a constant speed .
Neglect fluid stress exerted on the circular bottom.

b
y

 a

8. Classify the following substances, and find the viscosities and yield stresses if they
have.

dv/dy,s-1 0 1 2 3 dv/dy,s-1 0 1 2 4
, kpa 0 2 3 5 ,Kpa 10 15 20 30

(a) (b)
dv/dy,s-1 0 1 2 3 dv/dy,s -1
0 2 3 5
, Kpa 0 0 0 0 , Kpa 0 4 6 10

(c) (d)
9. Calculate the maximum capillary rise of water to be expected
a. In a vertical glass tube 1mm in diameter.
b. In between two concentric glass tubes of radii 4 and 5mm.
Take 6=0.0735N/m
C. In between two vertical, parallel, clean glass plates spaced a distance of 2mm apart.
10. What force is necessary to lift a thin wire ring 2.5cm in diameter from a water surface at
200c? Surface tension at 200c is 0.0718 N/m. Neglect the weight of ring.

Part II On pressure measurement

1. What is the pressure at a point 10m below the free surface in a fluid that has a
variable density in kg/m3 given by  = 450 + ah , in which a = 12Kg / m 4 and h is
the distance in meters measured from the free surface.
2. Express a pressure of 50Kpa in a) mm of mercury b)m of water c)m of acetylene
tetra bromide, S=2.94.
3. Determine the heights of column of water; kerosene, S=0.83; and acetylene tetra
bromide, S=2.94 equivalent to 300mmHg.
4. The tube in fig.3 is filled with oil. Determine the pressure at A and B in meters of
water.
5. Calculate the pressure at A, B, C and D of fig.4 in Pascals.

Lecture Note on Hydrostatics AASTU 2

 Hydraulics- Individual assignment I

6. In fig.1 S1 =0.86, S2=1.0, h1=150mm, and h2=90mm.Find PA in mmHg gage. If

the barometric reading is 720mmHg, what is PA in meters of water absolute?

Fig.1 Fig.2
7. Gas is contained in vessel A of the fig.1 with water being the manometer fluid and
h1=75mm. Determine the pressure at A in mmHg.
8. In fig.2, S1=1.0, S2=0.95, S3=1.0, h1=h2=280mm and h3=1m. Compute PA-PB in
mm of water.
9. In problem 8 find the gage difference h2 for PA-PB= -350 mmH2O.
10. In the fig. 5 A contains water, and the manometer fluid has a specific gravity of
2.94. When the left meniscus is at zero on the scale, PA=100mmH2O. Find the
reading of the right meniscus for PA=8KPa with no adjustment of the U-tube or
scale.
11. In Fig.6 find the pressure at A in pascals. What is the pressure of the air in the
tube?
12. The differential mercury manometer of fig. 7 is connected pipe A containing
gasoline (S=0.65), and to pipe B containing water. Determine the differential
reading, h, corresponding to a pressure in A of 20KPa and a vacuum of 150mmHg
in B.
13. Determine the angle  of the inclined tube shown in Fig. 8 if the pressure at A is
2 psi greater than that at B.

Lecture Note on Hydrostatics AASTU 3

 Hydraulics-I

Fig.4

Fig.5

Lecture note on fluid properties/AASTU 4

 Hydraulics-I

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Lecture note on fluid properties/AASTU 5