Dimensional Analysis

1.) Repeat the development of Eq. (5.2) from Eq. (5.1), using the pi theorem
(5.1)F =f(L, V, ρ,µ )
(5.2)

2.) The power input P to a centrifugal pump is a function of the volume flow Q, impeller
diameter D, rotational rate Ω, and the density ρ and viscosity µ of the fluid: P f(Q, D,Ω ,ρ
,µ ) Rewrite this as a dimensionless relationship.
3.) At low velocities (laminar flow), the volume flow Q through a small-bore tube is a
function only of the tube radius R, the fluid viscosity µ, and the pressure drop per unit
tube length dp/dx. Using the pi theorem, find an appropriate dimensionless relationship.
4.) Assume that the tip deflection δ of a cantilever beam is a function of the tip load P, beam
length L, area moment of inertia I, and material modulus of elasticity E; that is, δ= f(P, L,
I, E). Rewrite this function in dimensionless form, and comment on its complexity and
the peculiar value of j.
5.) The speed of propagation C of a capillary wave in deep water is known to be a function
only of density ρ , wavelength λ, and surface tension γ. Find the proper functional
relationship, completing it with a dimensionless constant. For a given density and
wavelength, how does the propagation speed change if the surface tension is doubled?
6.) In forced convection, the heat transfer coefficient h is a function of thermal conductivity
k, density ρ, viscosity µ, specific heat Cp, body length L, and velocity V. Heat transfer
coefficient has units of W/(m2 -K) and dimensions {MT-3Θ-1}. Rewrite this relation in
dimensionless form, using (k, ρ, Cp, L) as repeating variables.
7.) The wall shear stress τw in a boundary layer is assumed to be a function of stream
velocity U, boundary layer thickness δ, local turbulence velocity U, density ρ, and local
pressure gradient dp/dx. Using (ρ, U, δ) as repeating variables, rewrite this relationship as
a dimensionless function.
8.) The period of oscillation T of a water surface wave is assumed to be a function of density
ρ, wavelength λ, depth h, gravity g, and surface tension γ. Rewrite this relationship in
dimensionless form. What results if γ is negligible?
9.) A fixed cylinder of diameter D and length L, immersed in a stream flowing normal to its
axis at velocity U, will experience zero average lift. However, if the cylinder is rotating at
angular velocity Ω, a lift force F will arise. The fluid density ρ is important, but viscosity
 is secondary and can be neglected. Formulate this lift behavior as a dimensionless
function.
10.) The thrust F of a propeller is generally thought to be a function of its diameter D and
angular velocity Ω, the forward speed V, and the density ρ and viscosity µ of the fluid.
Rewrite this relationship as a dimensionless function.

Newton’s Law of Viscosity

1.) Suppose that the fluid being sheared in Fig. 1.8 is SAE 30 oil at 20oC. Compute the shear
stress in the oil if V=3 m/s and h=2 cm.

2.) The velocity distribution for the flow of a Newtonian fluid between two fixed wide,
parallel plates (see Fig. E1.4a) is given by the equation

where V is the mean velocity. The fluid has a viscosity of 0.04 lbs/ft2 . Also, V= 2 ft/s and
h= 0.2 in.

3.) For flowing water, what is the magnitude of the velocity gradient needed to produce a
shear stress of 1.0 N/m2?
4.) SAE 30 oil at 60 oF flows through a 2-in.-diameter pipe with a mean velocity of 5 ft/s.
Determine the value of the Reynolds number
5.) A 40-lb, 0.8-ft-diameter, 1-ft-tall cylindrical tank slides slowly down a ramp with a
constant speed of 0.1 ft/s as shown in Fig. P1.48. The uniform-thickness oil layer on the
ramp has a viscosity of 0.2 lbs/ft2 . Determine the angle ,Θ , of the ramp.

6.) A square block weighing 1.1 kN and 250 mm on an edge slides down an incline on a film
of oil 6.0 jum thick (see Fig. 1-6). Assuming a linear velocity profile in the oil, what is the
terminal speed of the block? The viscosity of the oil is 7 mPa*s.

7.) Benzene at 20 °C has a viscosity of 0.000651 Pa • s. What shear stress is required to

deform this fluid at a strain rate of 4900 s-1
8.) SAE 30 oil at 20 °C is sheared between two parallel plates 0.005 in apart with the lower
plate fixed and the upper plate moving at 13 ft/s. compute the shear stress in the oil.
9.) An 18-kg slab slides down a 15° inclined plane on a 3-mm-thick film of SAE 10 oil at 20
°C; the contact area is 0.3 m2. Find the terminal velocity of the slab.

10.) A shaft 70.0 mm in diameter is being pushed at a speed of 400 mm/s through a bearing
sleeve 70.2 mm in diameter and 250 mm long. The clearance, assumed uniform, is filled
with oil at 20 °C with v = 0.005 m 2 /s and s.g. = 0.9. Find the force exerted by the oil on
 the shaft. If the shaft is fixed axially and rotated inside the sleeve at 2000 rpm, determine
the resisting torque exerted by the oil and the power required to rotate the shaft.

Manometer

1.) For the inverted manometer of fig: P2.32, all fluids are at 20 C. If pB - pA 97 kPa, what
must the height H be in cm?

2.) In Fig. P2.33 the pressure at point A is 25 lbf/in2 . All fluids are at 20 C. What is the air
pressure in the closed chamber B, in Pa?

3.) For the inclined-tube manometer of Fig. P2.26 the pressure in pipe A is 0.8 psi. The fluid
in both pipes A and B is water, and the gage fluid in the manometer has a specific gravity
of 2.6. What is the pressure in pipe B corresponding to the differential reading shown?
4.) The inclined differential manometer of Fig. P2.60 contains carbon tetrachloride. Initially
the pressure differential between pipes A and B, which contain a brine (SG 1.1), is zero
as illustrated in the figure. It is desired that the manometer give a differential reading of
12 in. (measured along the inclined tube) for a pressure differential of 0.1 psi. Determine
the required angle of inclination, u.

5.) Determine the change in the elevation of the mercury in the left leg of the manometer of
Fig. P2.64 as a result of an increase in pressure of 5 psi in pipe A while the pressure in
pipe B remains constant.
6.) The pressure gauge on the air in the tank shown below reads 87 kPa. Determine
the manometer reading, h2, in cm.

Data:
h1 = 25 cm and h3 = 65 cm
SGmercury = 13.6, SGoil = 0.75, ?water = 1000 kg/m3

7.) A differential manometer is shown in Fig. 2-34. Calculate the pressure difference
between points A and B.
8.) A differential manometer is attached to a pipe, as shown in Fig. 2-35. Calculate the
pressure difference between points A and B.

9.) The inclined manometer in Fig. 2-54a contains Meriam red manometer oil (s.g. = 0.827).
Assume the reservoir is very large. What should the angle 6 be if each inch along the
scale is to represent a change of 0.8 lb/ft 2 in gage pressure pA?

10.) In Fig. 2-60a the inclined manometer measures the excess pressure at A over that at B.
The reservoir diameter is 2.5 in and that of the inclined tube is 1/4in. For Θ = 32° and
gage fluid with s.g. = 0.832, calibrate the scale in psi per ft.