PART I

NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF A FIDGET SPINNER MICRO-USB CELLPHONE CHARGER

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Fidget spinners are small ball-bearing units that have a rotatable part on the outer

side which is rotatable between the fingers of the user. Some people believe that the

spinning momentum provides a pleasing tactile sensation for the user which is said also to

say to aid in fidgeting fingers. This leads the researchers to hypothesize that the benefit of

fidgeting is just the beginning when it comes to innovations.

Alternative energy generators are currently growing in demand especially at the

present time. Alternative energy generators are generators that produce energy in a clean

process, which means not harming the environment. For example, the solar powered

generator generates electricity through heat and light from an outside source such as the

Sun. The generators which are deemed to be eco-friendly and efficient are the ones

supported by the public. These alternative generators are one of the said solutions

especially with the growing population of humans and also to the increasing numbers of

electric powered machines.

Electromagnetic induction is a process in which a changing magnetic field created

by moving a magnet relative to a conductor, it creates a change in electric field circulating

within that conductor at a specific direction. This also creates a current depending on the

magnetic field itself. This discovery gives the impression that any moving object can be

subjected to the same process to create a flow of electrons otherwise known as electricity
Page | 1
with the manipulation of some sort of technology and machinery. In general, this is the

main basis for the function of mechanical generators and reversing it would create

mechanical motors. Any magnet attached to a moving object relative to a conductor can

induce electricity.

The conservation of energy states that the totality of mechanical, thermal, electrical

and the other forms of energy cannot be created nor destroyed. However, these forms of

energy can be converted from one to another by means of different processes such as

electromagnetic induction, heating through vibration and using speakers. These ways of

converting energy are commonly used in alternative sources of energy.

Since a fidget spinner has a movable part that we only functioned to rotate freely,

the harvesting electrical output from that angular momentum is still feasible to a certain

extent. This can be done by either attaching a magnet or a conductor/ coils of conductor

directly or indirectly to enable the movement to a relative to one another. Although,

maximizing the capability of a generator to output as much as electrical energy as possible

could be tricky. In order to do so, a different configuration of conductors or coil wire and

permanent magnet should be given consideration.

Although dynamos are small packed motors could be utilized as a generator

connected to a fidget spinner. The output could be limited whereas do-it-yourself

generators could be optimized to generate an optimal output of electricity which could cost

less when in use of recycled materials. Magnets could be found in speakers, microwaves,

and headphones whereas conductors or coils of wire could be salvaged from old

mechanical and heat generating appliances. This means that creating your own generator

Page | 2
could be feasible to a certain extent. However, safety while of the process making or using

the generator or dynamo, safety should always be involved. This includes caution from

energy output specifically high voltage, overheating, cuts, and infection from rust.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the need for the public of an alternative

power source is integrated in a way that it generates power by merely fidgeting a spinner.

If the need is then confirmed, this will serve as an alternative energy source for multi-

purpose instances such as emergencies and long trips.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

General Questions:

1. Will a fidget spinner cell phone micro-USB charger be an alternative power source

for phones?

2. Will the product be supported by the public?

Specific Questions:

1. Will the product be used in case of long trips, camps or other long ranged activities

for charging purpose?

2. Will hand winded fidget spinner worth it for the electricity it produces?

3. Is fidget spinner a common toy or stress reliever utilized by the many?

4. What model of fidget spinner charger be advised by our interviewees?

5. Will it be more convenient compared to other alternative cellphone power source?

6. Would the design be improved and how?

Page | 3
 7. Considering the size and weight, does it be comfortably brought around as a

portable energy source alternative?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. Future Innovators- The future researchers may improve this research and may

develop a better and more compact model of the fidget spinner micro-USB cellphone

charger.

2. Smartphone Users- The smartphone users will get to experience the alternative

energy that electromagnetism will provide with the fidget spinner micro-USB

cellphone charger without the hassle of plugging it into a power outlet (electrical

socket). Campers and Travelers can use the product to the extent due to the fact

that their outdoor activities have a very limited access to electricity, which they will

have to find an alternative energy source to charge their smartphones.

3. Students- The students may utilize the simple construction of materials to enable

them to analyze the entire system with ease due to the open and simple design.

4. Fidget Spinner Users- Fidget spinner users may make use of this product by, not only

being able to fidget with a spinner but also feel the vibrations that come when

handling any spinning spinner.

DELIMITATIONS

1. Assessments for the needs are limited only for case studies, interviews and

observations.

Page | 4
 2. All form of numerical data was only produced by amateur researchers and

practical uses may vary since most replies or answers are set on words which

may or may not be directly stated.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Electric Charger- a device used to charge a rechargeable battery from the electricity

supply. (Definition of 'recharger'", n.d.)

2. Micro USB- Micro USB is a miniaturized version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB)

interface developed for connecting compact and mobile devices such as

smartphones, MP3 players, GPS devices, photo printers and digital cameras. ("What

is micro USB?", n.d.)

3. Voltage - also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential

difference in charge between two points in an electrical field. The greater the

voltage, the greater the flow of electrical current (that is, the quality of charge

carriers that pass a fixed point per unit of time) through a conducting medium.

Voltage is symbolized by an uppercase italic letter V . (What is voltage? n.d.)

4. Amperage- the strength of an electric current in amperes.

5. Wattage- joule per second otherwise known as the product of the amperage and the

voltage.

6. Fidget spinner - are small, ball-bearing devices that the user can rotate between his

or her fingers. The momentum of the toy provides a pleasing sensory experience,

according to user reviews, while the challenge of tossing, transferring and twirling

the spinners has spawned an entire universe of instructional YouTube videos.

Page | 5
 7. Capacitor - A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the

form of an electrostatic field. Capacitance also depends on the dielectric constant of

the substance separating the plates. ("What is capacitor", n.d.)

8. Battery -is a type of cell that uses chemical reactions to store and release electrical

energy. (Shawnymel, n.d.)

9. Magnet - is an alloy or substance capable of exhibiting properties of magnetism and

gives of an external magnetic field. (Andrew Rader Studios, 2015)

10. Permanent magnet- is a type of magnet that holds the specific alignment of atoms

that generates magnetism. (Andrew Rader Studios, 2015)

11. Magnetic wire/ magnet wire – an insulated wire made out of copper or aluminum

used to create a magnetic field when coiled and energized. (Magnet Wire

Information, n.d.)

12. Generator- is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

(Slemon, Gordon R., n.d.)

RESEARCH PARADIGM

Input Process Output

• Interview questions • Answers to the • Confirmation or

regarding the needs questions for the deaffirmation of the
of the general public respondents repondens' need
and possible • Suggestions for
improvements further
improvements

Page | 6
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

DEFINITIONS AND PRODUCT BACKGROUND

In noting reasonable literature that may help the researchers describe the needs

and development of their intended invention, they must consider the key-term definitions

and possible backgrounds relevant to their basis. The first part of the second chapter

focuses on finding and analyzing key terms, history, and functions relevant to the research

topic.

Characteristics of Mobile Devices

Rob Callahan emphasizes the characteristic s of a portable device in being portable,

wireless and small sized. A portable device should have several hours or more without

charger or power source. The researchers aim to prolong the durability of a portable

electronic device by being that external power source when the battery life comes shortly

while still abiding by the word “portable” in nature.

A portable device should always be optimized for the smallest size it could possibly

be without much sacrifice for its durability and functionality. In doing so, some mobile

devices can be folded or slide to minimize it’s size when on-the-go. Some gadgets have

detachable or hidden components that could be accessed or connected only when need.

The researchers aim to minimize the size if possible by having a detachable

electrical generator reattach-able by a magnet or clip only when intended to be used. This

will render the spinner itself still portable and usable as for usual without decreasing the

efficiency of the product.

Page | 7
Fidget Spinners: What They Are, How They Work and Why the Controversy

Fidget spinners are small and portable rotating toy with a ball-bearing in the middle

that a user can rotate between his or her fingers (Pappas, 2017). Accordingly, it’s

momentum or spinning motion delivers a somewhat of a “pleasing sensory experience”

with accords to the review of their users.

It is marketed to individuals with psychological impairments such as anxiety,

autism, and ADHD. Amazon sellers advertise these toys with a promise of a greater sense of

concentration for people with the conditions said above and to “bring out that creative

genius lying deep within you”.

The researchers want to further add the function of these toys not only as possible

psychological catharsis device but also a somewhat great alternative for cellphone chargers

in case of no other power source available.

The History of Fidget Spinners

An article creator that goes by the name Kimberly at www.naturalbeachliving.com

briefly explains a history of fidget spinners. Turns out, Fidget spinners are originally

created way back on the 1990’s and were usually created with copper, brass, stainless steel

or plain plastics with a small bearing in the middle for it to spin fast with little friction. Even

back then, they are intended with a health benefit to individuals who suffer anxiety or

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) like symptoms.

Page | 8
 Kimberly claims that, although health benefit most advertise as the result of using

the fidget spinner has not been proven to have proper validity, some parents all over the

world still believe on its health benefits did change the life of their “fidgety” children.

The researcher aims to utilize these two and a half decade old technology as means

for the needs of their power power-hungry devices by configuring it as an electricity

generator which can be as portable as their fidget spinner to a certain extent. In addition,

Kimberly, the author, claims that various parents all over the world trust this product to be

beneficial. With that, the main point which the researchers want to take from this article is

the Ubiquity of these toys which will serve as the main reason why they’ve chosen fidget

spinners as the basis for their product.

PRODUCT FEASIBILITY AND SPECIFICATIONS

The second part of the second chapter of the research deals with the feasibility of

the invention as well as specification needed to be met or considered on the development

of the product design,

Can You Use Any Charger With Any Device?

Chris Hoffman (September 2016) created an article entitled “Can You Use Any

Charger With Any Device?” in which he explains the voltage and amperage used by typical

phones and tablets. In his article, he states that all most USB connections provide 5 volts of

power when charging. This automatically states that people should not have to worry

about connecting a USB charger voltage-wise. However, amperage is not the same and is

usually different depending on the charging capacity of the device being charged. This is

Page | 9
because higher amperage provides faster charging and thus more power input. Common

Android phone chargers that come with the phone packaging itself dominantly provides 1

ampere or 1000 milliampere but tablet’s charger provide more power at 2 amperes or

2000 milliampere. In addition, the charger’s amperage is a maximum for the designated

electronic product to maximize the charging capability of the device at a given time without

significant overheating. However, charging a device with lower amperages would most

likely slow down charging times for it would not provide the optimal energy input that the

phone needs to charge properly.

He also states that connecting a 2-ampere tablet charger to a 1-ampere smartphone

would not do much damage but rather would only draw out less amperage because of its 1-

ampere benchmark. However, some charger may not work for certain devices.

This places a voltage and amperage benchmark for the researchers to consider in

charging the phones using a fidget spinner. A 5 Volt with 1-2 ampere power output from

the electricity generator would be the optimum power transfer rate which will mimic a

regular charger plugged into a home socket.

Fidget Spinner Generator: How To Make A Simple Generator

An article made by people that goes by the name “Sciencetoolbar” at

sciencetoolbar.com(2017) created an instructional article on creating an actual electrical

generator from the magnets, wires and fidget spinners. This works by harvesting the

spinning motion when using the fidget spinner to create a sufficient significant flow of

electrons otherwise known as electricity. They’ve used a fidget spinner with three

neodymium sphere at 13 mm diameter, led bulb at 230 Volts and 9 Watt, wires forming an

Page | 10
iron-less coil with a synchronous motor 230 V. They’ve put a magnet at each end of the

fidget spinner and place it near coils of wire or motor (that is used as a generator in this

case) connected the bulb. By spinner or using the fidget spinner, they’ve created enough

electrical energy to power the light bulb at 9 Volts with fluctuating power. They have made

a video on testing this on their Youtube channel with the usernames of “Sciencetoolbar”

The researchers made great use of this for the reason that it will be the main basis

for the electricity generation part of the invention. This tells them that it would be possible

to generate a reasonable amount of electricity by merely spinning fidget spinner with

magnets connected atop of each edge.

How Many Fidget Spinners Can Power a Light Bulb?

To give an insight into how much energy fidget spinners could generate Christian

Keszthelyi (2017)'s experimental article could give the researchers an insight. According to

a press release sent to the Budapest Business Journal by E. On HungáriaZrt. Spinning 54,

000 fidget spinner simultaneously could power an LED bulb for an hour. In addition, one

fidget spinner spinning at 15 turns per second or 900 rotations per minute may be

insignificant but running a handful of them can generate more power. Calculations done by

Hanover University engineering students state that by spinning 750 spinners, they could

power an average television for one second and 1,000 spinning simultaneously could

generate enough power for a refrigerator.

They’ve added that it cannot be a possible solution for a sustainable energy source

since too much energy is lost or converted to other forms of energy such as heat and noise.

E.ON says. “Yet wind and solar energy will possibly stay with us for long”.

Page | 11
 While this calculation could be bad for the researchers given that the spinners’

energy output is deemed to be terribly small for normal household appliances, it gives an

estimated voltage output of a normal fidget spinner electric generator although not setups

are stated to get these estimations. With this in mind, the energy used by household

appliances, for example, air conditioner running at 1000 Watts is way larger than the 5

Watts energy used by smartphones while charging, 200 times larger. With these

calculations, each fidget spinner could generate 1 watt or roughly 1 Volt at 1 ampere. By

these estimates, using a fidget spinner charger could generate 1/5 of the energy compared

to plugging it to its real charger.

SYNTHESIS

Fidget spinners are small and portable rotating toy with a ball-bearing in the middle

that a user can rotate between his or her fingers designed to deliver a pleasing experience

to the user together with the redirection of the user’s focus on a certain task. (Pappas,

2017). Additionally, These toys are initially created with copper, brass, stainless steel or

plastic rotating pieces with a bearing on the middle, way back from 1993, to hypothetically

improve the mental state of individuals with anxiety or ADHD related cases(Kimberly

2017). On the other hand, portable mobile devices last for several hours without needing

any chargers and have small sizes and weight for it to be easily carried around by the user.

Using techniques such as folding and sliding may minimize the overall size of any device

(Callahan, n.d.).

Page | 12
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to assess the need of the

public for a fidget spinner micro USB cell phone charger.

Research Respondents

The researchers conducted the study among a total of thirty (31) participants. Of

who were conveniently selected by their presence and availability on the day of the

interview.

Research Locale

The research was conducted among the people living in or near Las Piñas City.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

An interview was being conducted to all selected participants that would serve as

the sample population. Their answer can be utilized to confirm or support the need and

improve the development of Fidget Spinner Micro-USB Cellphone Charger.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

A set of questions, mostly yes or no or open-ended, were asked for the designated

interviewee while a sub-final functioning product is presented with a visual demonstration

of the currently prevailing prototype.

The questions are presented below:

1. Is fidget spinner a common toy or stress reliever utilized by the many?

Page | 13
2. Do you think that the fidget spinner cell phone micro-USB charger is a viable

alternative power source for phones?

3. Do you think that the product is supported by the public? How about you?

4. Do you think that the product can be used in case of long trips, camps or other long

ranged activities for charging purpose?

5. Do you think that hand winded fidget spinner worth it for the electricity it produces

at 1 watt intended output?

6. Considering the size and weight, will it be comfortably brought around as a portable

energy source alternative?

7. Will it be more convenient compared to other alternative cell phone power source

in cases of power outages? Please explain.

8. Would the design be improved and what improvements of this fidget spinner

electric generator would you recommend? How?

Page | 14
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

NEEDS AND ASSESSMENTS

Out of the eight (8) questions given to all 31 interviewee or respondents, these were the results:

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4

3, 10% 4, 13%
5, 16%
8, 26%
3, 10% 1, 3%

4, 13%
1, 3%
22, 22,
71% 25, 71% 26,
80% 84%

Yes Maybe No Yes Maybe No Yes Maybe No Yes Maybe No

22 out of 31 interviewees 25 out of 31 interviewees 22 out of 31 interviewees 26 out of 31 interviewees

agreed that fidget spinners are
a common toy and stress
reliever used by many,
however, 8 disagreed and 1 is
not sure of the answer
agreed that think that the
fidget spinner cell phone
micro-USB charger is a viable
alternative power source for
phones however, 3 disagreed
and 3 are not sure of the
answer
agreed that the product is
supported by both him/her
and the public, however, 4
disagreed and 5 are not sure of
the answer
agreed that the product can be
used in case of long trips,
camps or other long ranged
activities for charging purpose,
however, 1 disagreed and 4
are not sure of the answer

Page | 15
 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

9, 29% 9, 29%

15,
16,
48%
52%
2, 6% 20, 2, 6% 20,
65% 65%

0, 0%

Yes Maybe No Yes Maybe No Yes Maybe No

20 out of 31 interviewees 16 out of 31 interviewees 20 out of 31 interviewees

agreed that hand winded
fidget spinner worth it for the
electricity it produces
however, 2 disagreed and 9
are not sure of the answer.
agreed that the product can be
comfortably brought around
as a portable energy source
alternative considering the
size and weight of the
prevalent prototypes,
however, 16 disagreed and 1 is
not sure of the answer
agreed that the product is
convenient or more compared
to other alternative cellphone
power source in cases of
power outages, however, 9
disagreed and 2 are not sure of
the answer

Page | 16
 A handful of interviewees answered the last question which was open-ended.

Further improvements to the prevalent designs include the following:

 Increase comfortability and ease of use.

 Usage of lightweight yet sturdy material for the base.

 Increase wattage output to make it more reliable source for more than one cell

phone.

 Decrease size and overall weight to make it more portable comparable to power

banks.

 A need for storage of the accumulated power like a battery or power bank.

 Addition of a pedal or gear to ease the operation of the spinner without exerting

much effort.

 Assurance that the magnet is well balanced to maximize the spin of the fidget

spinner.

 More pleasing to the eye.

 More use for other purposes

Page | 17
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Here is the summary of conclusive data from questions 1 to 7.

 When asked whether if fidget spinners are a common toy and stress reliever, 22

interviewees said yes, 8 said no, while 1 person wasn’t sure.

 25 out of 31 interviewees think that the fidget spinner cell phone micro-USB charger

is a viable alternative power source for phones however, 3 disagreed and another 3

are not sure of the answer.

 When asked if the product will be supported by the public. 22 of them said they will

give their supported, 4 of them said it will not, while 5 of them are not sure of the

answer.

 When asked about whether the product can be used in case of long trips, camps or

other long ranged activities for charging purpose, 26 out of 31 interviewees agreed,

1 disagreed and 4 of them are not sure if it can be used for that purpose.

 20 out of 31 interviewees agreed that the hand winded fidget spinner worth it for

the electricity it produces however, 2 disagreed and 9 are not sure of the answer.

 About half of the interviewees, 16 out of 31, disagreed that the product can be

comfortably brought around as a portable energy source alternative considering the

size and weight of the prevalent prototypes, while 15 of them did agree.

 20 out of 31 interviewees agreed that the product is at least convenient compared to

other alternative cell phone power source in cases of power outages, however, 9

disagreed and 2 are not sure whether it is more convenient or not.

Page | 18
 The areas of concern and improvements answered by the interviewees for question

eight were:

 Size  Ease of use

 Weight  Range of use

 Wattage output  Power Storage

 Aesthetics

CONCLUSION

 Many agreed that fidget spinners are both a toy and stress reliever.

 The need for the product is present as evidenced by the majority who supports the

viability and convenience of the fidget spinner charger compared to other available

power source alternatives in case of instances such as long trips.

 Many agreed that the spinner could be worth it for the energy it produces.

 A majority thought that the product could be supported by the public.

 The participants recommended the improvements on the product size, weight,

wattage output, aesthetics, ease of use and additional power storage.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The product is preferred to:

 Be comparatively portable to power banks with a pleasing look.

 Be well balanced and easy to use with the use of pedals or gears.

 Have an external storage such as power banks.

Page | 19
 PART II

DEVELOPMENT OF A FIDGET SPINNER MICRO-USB CELLPHONE CHARGER

A. DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL DYNAMO CONFIGURATION

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Since the support of the public of a fidget spinner charger is confirmed by the

previous part of the research and the affirmation of the need for the public, the problem

now is the developmental part. Before tackling on the design and the optimization of the

product for pertinent to the suggestion of the interviewed public, the researchers must first

identify the type of dynamo configuration and possible optimization possible to know the

maximum energy output with the less force needed. In order to do so, an experimentation

on the random configuration of magnets and conductors was the focus of this first part of

the development research to identify what modifications and designs of a dynamo can yield

the most energy output while still considering the cost, the number of materials used and

the size of which the final product would be. This will configuration testing will only be

done in small-scale outputs in order to pick the dynamo which was most suited in relation

to the orientation of the magnets and wires.

The researchers were also here to test whether one orientation of conductors (wire)

and magnets can be superior to other orientations. This was mainly depicted by Faraday’s

law of Electromagnetic Induction that a magnetic field perpendicular to the conductor

would yield the best energy output. Since the orientation is relative, the same orientation

could be made regardless whether the moving part is the magnet or the conductor or wire.
Page | 3
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 What model of the coil would be most effective in making the product?

 What factors affect the total energy output of a dynamo or a generator?

DELIMITATIONS

 This orientation testing only used small numbers of coils or conductors since this is

only for testing and the design best fit will be the desired orientation of the dynamo.

 Since the orientation is relative, the same orientation could be made regardless

whether the moving part is the magnet or the conductor or wire.

 The voltage and wattage output and any other numerical data are only produced by

amateur researchers and practical uses may vary.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 RPM- Rotation per minute

 mV- Millivolt(s)

 mA– Milliampere(s)

 mW - Milliwatt(s)

 Multi-tester- a device used to measure the resistance, wattage, and amperage of a

circuit.

Page | 4
ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

The researchers assumed that the orientation wherein the magnets and the

conductors (wire) are placed in perpendicular to each other will yield the designs with the

most output.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

Input Process Output

•Confirmation or •Experimentation of the •Optimal design for
deaffirmation of the possible positioning of maximum electrical
repondens' need magnets and wire energy output
•Suggestions for further •Optimization of size •Maximized utilization
improvements and weight of space
•Experiments assessing •Configurations of
the chosen simplicity and openness
configurations of design.

Page | 5
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

PATENTED INVENTIONS FOR THE SOURCE OF POSSIBLE DESIGNS AND FUNCTIONS

To tackle possible improvements to the fidget spinner USB charger, the researchers

need to take note of other some notable inventions to analyze their problem-solving

innovations and advantages, directly or indirectly and coincide it with their own invention.

The third part of the second chapter focuses on tweaks and minor to major configurations

for the efficiency and convenience of the possible users.

Adapters Charge Cell Phones Using Standard AA Batteries

Now that the researchers have an optimal benchmark for the amperage and voltage,

they now need to know how to manipulate the energy output of the fidget spinner charger

to match it. In finding a way to do so David Bonyuet’ (2013) informative article explains

how they’ve made a cell phone charger by using three AA battery that could be easily used

as an alternative charging option. This is because each AA cell provides 1.5 volts of energy

with 400-1700 mAh (milliamperes). All the voltage output adds up to a continuous energy

output of 4.5 volts. They’ve created a manipulative device that would boost that 4.5 volts

output to 5 volts one. Since AA cells provide a direct current (DC) output similar to the

input of smartphone chargers. In terms of amperage, using these 3-cell design might slow

down charging due to its low amperage of 200 mAh but normal Zinc-carbon AA Battery

could provide 400-1700 mAh while NIMH AA battery could provide 600-2850 mAh which

Page | 6
is way higher than their 200 mAh output. This is theoretical since charging amperage vary

depending on the charge of the smartphones initial or running charge.

This provides a reachable energy optimizer option by using 3 rechargeable AA batteries

for the researchers similar to what David did. In theory, the output of the fidget spinner

electric generator might fluctuate so a datable battery or capacitor to store that energy and

output a steady 5-volt output for the smartphone. This leaves any malfunction such as

overheating or low voltage to a minimum or isolated only to the capacitor or AA battery

which can be easily replaced with a relatively cheap cost.

Portable, Human-Powered Electrical Energy Source

Gary L. Yetter (2006) designed a portable, human-powered electrical energy source.

He patented a device that could intermittently receive mechanical energy from a human

(movement) and utilize it to turn a generator that produces electricity that could then be

placed on a rechargeable battery. He used a mechanical energy controller to regulate the

release of stored mechanical energy by utilizing an order of spring arrangements designed

to hold potential energy.

The researchers could try to utilize the use of springs to maximize the movement of

the magnets within the electrical generator. This is because movements of a human body

cannot be so perfect that all the momentum is utilized solely for the spinning of the fidget

spinner but rather with an upward and downward force that is usually canceled when

because only two forward and backward movement will be used to turn or spin the

spinner. This residue energy can be used to bounce it up and down with the help of springs

to maximize the movement of the rotor (rotating part) of the generator.

Page | 7
Rapid Response Portable Hybrid Emergency Energy Generator

Antolin Du Bois (2010) patented an energy generator that uses wind, water, and

solar power in generating electricity with the advantages of being portable and tow-able.

This platform is initially a wind turbine that turns into a semi-detachable water turbine if

needed. A small backup generator is also present in case of all other initial power source is

inaccessible.

The researchers can take a note on improvising the “hybridity” or multifunction

attribute of their product. By both being a spinner that people can fidget for the redirection

of their focus and an electric generator that could serve as an alternative power source in

instances that other electricity courses are out of access.

Review of Energy Harvesting Techniques and Applications for Microelectronics

Mateu, Loreto; Moll, Francesc. (2015) designed a research paper in providing an

energy harvesting method depending on the type of energy harvestable. He explains the

ever-increasing trend of technology to decrease in both size and weight to give way to its

portability. As a good example of this, batteries need to be smaller to compensate for the

relative decrease of the whole device compared to their older counterparts such as

smartphones.

The researchers want to counter this paradigm by proving an alternative power

source that could be portable to a certain extent. This makes the need for external power

banks or bigger batteries obsolete to a certain extent as long as the user is okay with

turning the spinner continuously.

Page | 8
LAWS

To properly design the invention or product itself, the researchers need to consider

laws that govern the core functions and processes that are done by the device or any

relative products. This fourth part of the second chapter deals with physical laws that could

help the researchers understand the processes being done while using the product to find

the optimal specifications for their intended designs.

Electromagnetic Induction

In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered Electromagnetic Induction which states that a

force of a magnetic field from a magnet could generate a movement of electrons or

electricity on a nearby conductor. The movement of the electrons or electricity depends on

the movement of the magnetic field relative to it. In other words, this law states that “that a

voltage is induced in a circuit whenever relative motion exists between a conductor and a

magnetic field and that the magnitude of this voltage is proportional to the rate of change of

the flux”. His law is the reason for the function of motors and their counterpart, the

generator. The overall voltage of electromotive force is proportional to the number of coils

of the conductor or the total area of it, the speed of the relative motion between the

conductor and the magnetic field, and the strength of the magnetic field or the magnet

itself.

In making a DIY (Do It Yourself) generator, the researchers need to consider the

area of the conducting part or number of coils of wire, the speed of the moving or rotating

magnet and the strength of the magnetic field. An increase of any or all of these could

potentially increase the voltage output of the generator.

Page | 9
 Furthermore, electromagnetic induction also states that the magnetic field should

always be perpendicular to the conductor and vice versa when either or both of them are

changing in position. This presents the fact worthy of consideration from the researcher for

it tells how the magnet and the conductor should be placed relative to each other.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Around 1850 Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Kelvin) stated both the first

law of thermodynamics which states that the internal energy of an isolated system is

always conserved but may be converted to heat or work interchangeably. This is especially

true for engines that utilize heat or movement. Converting a form of energy to another is

not fully efficient considering out current technology and the law stated above. This also

states that the change in internal energy (delta U) is equal to the summation of the change

in heat (delta Q) and the change in work (delta W).

The researchers need to consider this law in designing an optimal electric generator

by focusing more on mechanical work or the spin without producing much noise and heat

while using the generator.

Newton's Second Law

Isaac Newton’s second law of motion discovered on 1686 otherwise known as the

law of acceleration states that the acceleration of an object produced by a net force is is

directly proportional to the magnitude of the said net force applied at the same direction

as the movement of the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the accelerated

object thus forming the popular equation F=ma where F is the net force in the same

Page | 10
direction of the acceleration, a is the acceleration of the object and m is the mass of the

accelerated object.

The researchers are optimizing the development of a mechanical generator with

moving parts. In order to provide as much acceleration as possible from a single crank or

spin of the fidget spinner, they need to decrease the weight of the moving part, the

rotor(magnet), as much ass possible without sacrificing the efficiency of it with regards to

its function.

SYNTHESIS

Utilizing fidget spinners as a power source by harvesting the spinning motion of its

rotating part was done with success powering up to a 9 Volts bulb, considering certain

alterations are made such as adding magnets and remote conductors (Sciencetoolbar

2017). With that said, usual micro-USB based smartphones and tablet take 5 Volts of

energy with 1 and 2 amperes respectively (Hoffman, 2016). Further calculations state that

it could take up to 1000 spinners rotating simultaneously to harvest enough electricity to

power a refrigerator and 750 spinners to power an average television (Keszthelyi, 2017).

Although thee calculations are higher than expected, no specific designs are given to attain

these results making way for innovations to improve these specifications.

Springs could be utilized to maximize the movement of the magnets within the

electrical generator. This idea was conceived by Gary L. Yetter (2006)’s Portable, Human-

Powered Electrical Energy Source. The idea of improvising the hybridity or multifunction

attribute of their product was partially taken from Antolin Du Bois (2010)’s Rapid

Response Portable Hybrid Emergency Energy Generator. The concept of countering the

Page | 11
increasing need for power from the ever-evolving electronics by proving an alternative

power source that could be portable to a certain extent was partially inspired by Mateu, L.

and Moll, F. (2005)’s Review of Energy Harvesting Techniques and Applications for

Microelectronics. Putting together a 4.5 Volt battery with a three-celled system to

compensate for the fluctuating electricity generator might be attributed from Bonyuet, D.

(2013)’s Adapters Charge Cell Phones Using Standard AA Batteries.

Michael Faraday (1831)’s Law of electromagnetic induction introduces the core

concept of motors and generators with the use of moving magnets and/or conductors

relative to each other. He also stated that the area of the conducting part or number of coils

of wire, the speed of the moving or rotating magnet and the strength of the magnetic field

contributes greatly to the energy output of the generator (“Electromagnetic Induction”,

n.d.).Isaac Newton (1686)’s second law of motion indirectly states that in order to provide

as much acceleration as possible from a single crank or spin of the fidget spinner, they need

to decrease the weight of the moving part (“Newton's Second Law”, n.d.).Rudolf Clausius

and William Thomson (1800)’s First Law of Thermodynamics which states that the

internal energy of an isolated system is always conserved but may be converted to heat or

work interchangeably thus. converting a form of energy to another is not fully

efficient(“First Law of Thermodynamics”, n.d.). These laws need to be considered in

optimizing the efficiency of an electric generator.

Page | 12
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This subpart of the research is both a qualitative and quantitative experimental

study which aims to configurations or orientations of the magnets and conductors (wires)

of the dynamo, in a small scale energy output, in order to identify the design with the best

energy output while maintaining low cost.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers tried to simulate possible models attributed to both past

mechanical generator frameworks and creative part-manipulation to find the most efficient

model conceivable by the researchers. In total, 8 (eight) possible models will be conceived

for testing and all are subjected to any sort of configuration dependent on the suggestion,

outcomes, portability, openness of design, feasibility, ease of construction and cost.

Design 1

Description: A metal rod containing some iron

(r = 2.5 mm) coiled with 150 wires each and

then coiled together at 150 wires. A fidget

spinner with 50 magnets at all ends is spun 1

cm. close to the coils in a parallel orientation.

No. of Approximate RPM Magnet Type

coils
450 120 50 Neodymium magnets (radius of 2 mm. each)

Page | 13
 Design 2

Description: A looped piece of cardboard ( r= 2.5

cm.) is placed between two rectangular shaped

cardboards (sides = 6 cm.). The coil looped on the

looped piece cardboard. The fidget spinner was

stunned at the side of the rectangular cardboard

perpendicularly.

No. of Approximate RPM Magnet Type

coils
450 120 50 Neodymium magnets (radius of 2 mm. each)

Design 3

Description: A stick-o jar (r = 5.75 cm.) is coiled with

wires. The magnets were attached in parallel to the

fidget spinner. The fidget spinner was spun at the

center of the jar with a distance of 2 cm away from

the coil parallel to the base of the jar.

No. of Approximate RPM Magnet Type

coils
160 65 two 3 cm. radius speaker magnet and a 2 cm. radius
magnet

Page | 14
 Design 4

Description: A stick-o jar (r = 5.75 cm.) is coiled with wires.

The magnets were attached in parallel to the fidget spinner.

The fidget spinner was spun outside of the jar with a

distance of 5 cm. perpendicular away from the coil.

No. of Approximate RPM Magnet Type

coils
160 65 two 3 cm. radius speaker magnet and a 2 cm. radius
magnet
Design 5

Description: A stick-o jar (r = 5.75 cm.) is coiled with

wires. The magnets were attached in parallel to the

fidget spinner. With the fidget spinner at the center,

the jar was pushed and pulled with an up-down

motion with a max length of about 6 cm.

No. of Approximate Magnet Type

coils Revolution Per
Minute
720 65 two 3 cm radius speaker magnet and a 2 cm radius
magnet
Design 6

Description: A stick-o jar (r = 5.75 cm.) is coiled

with wires. The magnets were attached in

parallel to the fidget spinner. The fidget spinner

was spun perpendicularly at the center of the

Page | 15
jar with a distance of 2 cm. away from the coil.

No. of Approximate RPM Magnet Type

coils
160 65 two 3 cm radius speaker magnet and a 2 cm radius
magnet
Design 7

Description: A stick-o jar (r = 5.75 cm.) is coiled with

wires. The magnets were attached perpendicularly to

the fidget spinner. The fidget spinner was spun in

parallel at the center of the jar with a distance of 2

cm. away from the coil.

No. of coils Approximate RPM Magnet Type

160 65 two 3 cm radius speaker magnet and a 2 cm radius
magnet
Design 8

Description: A stick-o jar (r = 5.75 cm.) is coiled

with wires in two section the top and the center

while having a metal rod between the coils as if

it was passed through the jar through 2 opposite

holes. At one end of the rod is a bearing attached

to the sticky jar while the fidget spinner is attached at the other end of the rod outside the

jar. While the magnet is glued perpendicularly at the center of the rod inside the jar.

No. of Approximate RPM Magnet Type

coils
720 90 two 3 cm radius speaker magnet and a 2 cm radius
magnet

Page | 16
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Considering all the magnet attached to the fidget spinner is estimated to be pushed

at the same force, here are all the Voltage, Amperage and Wattage range as recorded by a

multi-tester.

De Min. Max. Min. Max. Min Max. Max. Current

sig microa microamp millivolt Milliv .milliwatt milliw microwatt Type
n mpere ere (µA) s (mV) olt s (mW) atts s per coil
(µA) (mV) (mW) (µW/coil)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Direct
Current
2 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 Direct
Current
3 100 300 0 10 0 0.003 0.01875 Direct
Current
4 50 100 0 10 0 0.001 0.00625 Direct
Current
5 500 10000 100 400 0.05 4 5.555556 Alternati
ng
Current
6 100 400 10 200 0.001 0.08 0.5 Direct
Current
7 100 500 50 300 0.005 0.15 0.9375 Direct
Current
8 500 15000 100 450 0.05 6.75 9.375 Direct
Current
The results were as follows:

This output is small in comparison but the researchers only test the efficiency of

prototypes and designs and thus, the numbers of coils and magnetic fields will be amplified

to gain the desired wattage. The real output is intended to have a larger scale and power

output of 1 watt. This was about 1:5 to 1:8 ratio of seconds of spinning to phone charging

respectively.

Page | 17
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Here is the summary of all design in terms of energy output.

 Designs 1 and 2 gives no watt recordable by a multi-tester but design 2 has a small

current of 50 µA. Designs 3 and 4 produces a measurable wattage of up to 10 mV at

100-300 µW but still have a lower max watt per coil ration compared to other

further designs.

 Designs 5 to 8 gives off a similar wattage output with at least 26 times greater than

the max wattage of the first four designs. In terms of max voltage, Design 7 (200

mV) has the lowest while design 8 (450 mV) has the highest. In terms of max

wattage and max wattage per coil, Design 6 (0.5 µW/coil) has the lowest while

design 8 (9.375 µW/coil ) still has the highest compared to the last four designs.

 All the designs give off a direct current except for Design 5 which produces an

alternating current at about 1 Hertz.

CONCLUSION

 The orientation in which the coils of wire being perpendicular to the poles of the

magnets gives the highest max voltage per coil among all the tested direct current

designs.

 The number of coils of wire, orientation, and the magnetic field is a factor then that

affects the power output of the generator.

Page | 18
 B. PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF SUGGESTIONS

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

With the need affirmed and the optimal orientations of magnet and conductor in a

dynamo identified, the researcher is now ready to build the first functioning design that

would suit a couple of suggestions given by the interviewee. This design would only be

preliminary thus further improvements will be made to comply with the demands, or

rather, the suggestions of the masses. The agenda is to build a functioning generator with at

least 5 volts of electricity to charge a phone. A major fluctuation to a 5-volt power output

will either not be recognized by the phone or destroy the phone's battery altogether.

This study was partially attributed to the need of alternative energy as well as the

rise in trend of the fidget spinner on the year 2016. In other terms, the machine was

developed to produce energy which could charge a phone directly or indirectly via

movements or fidgets alone which can practically be done anywhere.

It is well known that moving magnet or conductor relative to each other will

generate or induce electricity as said by Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

elaborated at the review of related literature of the previous part of the research. This

electrical energy is likely from the kinetic movements for they are both a form of energy

with the only difference of size. To comprehend this, the law of conservation of every is

observed which states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed and will only be

transferred from one form to another; from mechanical energy to electrical energy in this

instance. A machine that transforms the mechanical movement into electrical energy would

be called a generator whereas a machine that could transform an electrical energy into

Page | 19
mechanical movement is called a motor. The intended output of this research is to create a

generator that could generate 5 volts of energy to charge a phone by merely using the Commented [G1]: Inserted: the

kinetic movement done on a fidget spinner.

The optimal orientation of magnet to the conductor (wire) as tested in the last part of the

research shows that magnets of which poles are relatively perpendicular to the coils of

wires yield the best wattage output compared to parallel versions. In applying Faraday's

law of electromagnetic induction together with the fact principles of the word "relative",

we could deduce that similar output voltage can be yield regardless of whether the magnets

or the conductors were spun relative to each other. This means a generator with a moving

conductor rather than a magnet used in the previous part of the research would most

probably yield a power output comparable to a design in which the magnets are moving

and the conductor being static. With this, the researchers could now decide on the

generator or dynamo to use to scale up the voltage output of the generator.

In recognizing the recommendations given by the interviewee of the first part of the

research, numerous concerns should be on the agenda. First, the overall size should be

small to accommodate for its portability, Second, the weight should also be comparable to

power banks since portability is an issue. Third, the voltage output should be enough to

charge a decent phone without having a voltage over than 5 volts to avoid any casualties

during normal use. Fourth, the product must be easy to use and to store for later. Fifth,

there should be a power storage device like a power bank connected to the main device for

it to store power even when not in use. Sixth, have an appealing aesthetics for marketable

Page | 20
use. And lastly, seventh, the use of the generator might not be limited only to charging

phones and is easily applicable for additional apparatus such as a flashlight.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To create a portable fidget spinner cellphone charger prototype which would have a

small weight and size for portability, at least 5 volts of energy output at a reasonable pace,

is easy to use and store, aesthetic and has a wide range of use.

DELIMITATIONS

 Since the researchers are only tasked to create a generator, only the voltage would

be measured

 Some measurements may vary slightly due to inconsistencies on the measuring

equipment

Page | 21
 CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This portion of the research is both a quantitative and qualitative descriptive study

which aims to create a preliminary overall design of a fidget spinner charger.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The researchers used a voltmeter to test the voltage of the product’s energy output

and a ruler and a weighing scale to measure the size and thee weight of the presented

components respectively.

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Dynamo

This is a type of dynamo produces 9 volts at 2400 rpm and can be used as a motor

with the same specification. In the prototype, it serves as the source of the electricity. The

dynamo model was specifically selected in which the rotating wire or conductor was

perfectly perpendicularly oriented as hinted by the first part of the developmental

research.
Height 3.5 cm
Diameter 3.7 cm

Pro(s)
Harvestable from old toys or
unused machines
Each has portable size and
weight depending on the
model
Con(s)
Voltage peaks usually correlated to the size and weight
Has a small rotor and hard to rotate manually unless
inserted with support or a handle
When used as a generator the voltage peak must be
higher since rotation speed speak can't be attained easily

Page | 22
Rotor

It is part of a machine that turns around a central point. In the prototype the

following materials were used as part of the rotor:

Fidget Spinner

It is a toy that was utilized in the prototype as the handle to where it was connected

at one end of the metal rod.

Metal Rod

It is a rod that was used to connect the gear, the fidget spinner, and the bearing. This

was made with an old metal chopstick.

Height 11.5
cm
Diameter 0.8 cm

Bearing

It is a part of the fidget spinner but was removed to be used as the bearing for the

rod to easily spin.

Pro(s)
The bearing act as a movement enhancer to lessen
friction
Fidget spinner is structured with the intention of
spinning creating less effort for the user when spinning
Con(s)
Chopstick as part of the rotor is
quite large for a portable device
Doesn’t stick to the bearing easily

Page | 23
Gear

This material is used to produce a speed up multiplier per spin to minimize effort on

spinning the rotor. The multiplier is proportional to the ratio of the initial gear(rotor) to

the secondary (dynamo)provided that the gear has the same or fitting teeth size if

mechanical gears were used, while if the rubber connection is used there is no such thing as

teeth since rubber band is in ring-shaped. The following materials were used for the gear in

the prototype:

Rubber Bands

This material is a substitute for the smaller gears which were all attached to the

main gear.

Discs & Stick-O cap

This material are recycled materials that acted as the main gear of the prototype.

Thickness .5 cm
Diameter 10 cm

Pro(s) Con(s)
Rubber bands are easy to find noting size
were considered Has high friction
Doesn’t have teeth size to consider Easily stops when not spun
Has high gear ratio specifically 30:1 Easily breaks
The rotor is big in size
Easily entangled when more rubber bands
were used

Page | 24
Case

This material was used to store and protect the prototype. The material used for the

casing was the multipurpose board which was connected together with glue gun. The

decided shape for the shape was a rectangular prism.

Length 22 cm
Width 22 cm
Height 8 cm

Pro(s) Con(s)
Easy to assemble Easy to break
Cheap Soft
Wire

This material connects the entire circuit together. This includes the connection of all

dynamos together with the Micro-USB which can be directly put into the Charger. The wire

that was used was rated at gauge 23.

Pro(s) Con(s)
Thin Breaks easily when vigorously moved
Low Resistance Entangles easily when vigorously moved
Magnet

This is a material used to amplify the production of electricity from the dynamo as

hinted by the law of electromagnetism and the previous research.

Pro(s) Con(s)
Theoretically improves the magnetic field of the dynamo Heavy
Large

Page | 25
Power bank

This is the material used to store energy from the prototype. It was used due to it

efficiently reading the fluctuating energy surges from the prototype.

Pro(s) Con(s)
Smoothens power output Additional size and weight
Store energy
Other Apparatus

Micro USB

This is a type of USB which was used as the connector of the energy from the fidget

spinner generator to the power bank.

Buzzer

This material was used to generate sound with a high pitch when specific wattage

was attained with the prototype.

Flashlight

This material was used to produce light on a certain range of wattage produced by

the prototype.

Switch

This material was used to control the flow of electricity passing through the buzzer

and flashlight.

Pro(s) Con(s)
Additional uses Additional size and weight

Page | 26
Product Construction

The researchers placed the Four 9 Volt Dynamo symmetrically on the base of the

case with the glue gun. In the middle, the rotor was placed consisted of three main parts:

the fidget spinner, chopstick, and the bearing which were all placed on the drilled hole in

the middle. The internal side of the bearing was glued to one end of the chopstick, while the

external side of the bearing was attached to the hole which was supported with super glue.

On the other end of the rod, the fidget spinner was connected via masking tape to fit into

the core of the fidget spinner and supported by super glue to strengthen the connection

between the two.

The researchers then connected a pair of dynamos in series to add voltage between

the paired dynamo, then both pairs were connected as a parallel circuit to add Amperage.

At the just above the height of the dynamo, a circular 10 cm(diameter) cap of a jar with two

pieces of discs, wherein the disc were glued at top and bottom to limit the movement of

vertical motion of the rubber band, was inserted at rotor (chopstick). This acts as the main

gear. The researchers have placed four rubber bands that act as a gear with 30:1 ratio

individually into each dynamo connected to the main gear. To avoid the rubber band to

slip-off, the tips of the dynamo were added with stopper in which the researchers used a

portion of glue stick. Then, the box was assembled to form a rectangular prism with an

open top.

The researcher then connected the micro USB to the output of the four dynamos.

The micro USB then was connected to the power bank. The USB connector was cut and

connected to the buzzer and flashlight with switches via improvised circuit board made out

Page | 27
of a recycled board. Lastly, the magnet was placed on the side of each dynamo

perpendicular to presumed of the moving wires inside to possibly improve the voltage.

A top view photo of the preliminary prototype

Page | 28
 CHAPTER III

RESULT

 Using the voltmeter, here is the peak voltage result for product both spinning at 60

rpm and 180 rpm:

60 rpm 180 rpm

Voltage 3-5 Volts 9-10 Volts

 Since the ratio between the primary and the secondary gear is 30:1, it would be hard

to turn the rotor by just spinning with the user's fingers.

 The rubber band hinders the movement or rotation since there is a significant

friction affecting both gears.

 The size and weight of the entire product s significantly higher than any other

portable device or machine.

 The casing is soft and can be break easily with a mild shock such as a drop.

 Other materials inside the product can be easily detached.

 The wirings were too long and are easily removable.

 The non-aesthetic for the most part.

 The output voltage is fluctuating.

 The magnets can significantly increase the weight.

 The product can’t be easily stored and is fragile.

 The external power bank work for the fluctuating electric surges.

 Fidget Spinner can get loose, therefore the disc must be spun manually.

Page | 29
 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

These are the pros and cons of the final design of the product:

Pros
Can produce a 5-volt output
Does have an adjacent power bank to
store the fluctuating power generated
for future use.
Has a flashlight and buzzer option with
switches
The gear ratio is 30:1
Cons
Can Hardly be spun
Instantly stops spinning when after spun by a
user.
Is not aesthetic enough for most of the public.
Is not structurally stable enough to be carried
around.
Does have fluctuating voltage outputs
depending on the speed of spin.
Is not easy to store.

Is not portable considering the weight and size.

The rubber band hinders the movement or
rotation since there is a significant friction
affecting both gears.

Other materials inside the product can be easily

detached.

The wirings were too long and are easily

removable.

The casing is soft and can be break easily with a

mild shock such as a drop.

These are some areas of concern that lets the researchers elaborate further on their

decisions and recommendation for further improvement:

Gears

The gear ratio of 30:1 was too high. According to Newton's Laws of Motion, a force is

proportional to the mass and its acceleration. Since the 30:1 ratio accelerates the second

Page | 30
gear much faster than the first gear, it would be hard to spin the fidget spinner which was

connected to the latter. The rubber bands’ extreme high force of friction opposing the

rotation and it also creates a tug-of-war between the two said gears since a rubber tends to

form back to original and smaller shape. In counting the efficiency and smoothness of

rotation, it is not advised to use a cheap rubber band for these reasons. Decreasing the gear

ratio is advisable to find the optimal configuration when setting up a gear system; usually

5:1 to 10:1 is advisable in this case.

Dynamo

Using a dynamo with a rating of a much higher voltage from the intended output, 9

volt and 5 volt expectedly is advisable in creating the dynamo into a generator since the

maximum peak rotation required can’t be attained constantly and would likely yield a

much lower voltage. It is recommended to use a form of voltage regulator rated at 5 volts

to make sure that the output voltage cannot damage any device. Any voltage surges more

than 5 volts can be pretty much harmless since it cannot be detected by the connected

device.

Portability in Terms of Weight and Size

The addition of magnets can greatly increase the weight of the overall product.

Although, it can boost the desired output voltage quite a bit. In minimizing the size and

weight to accommodate the term “portable”, it is advised to minimize the external magnet

used. The size should be comparable to modern power banks. Minimizing the gaps between

the internal components and the overall casing is recommended. The researchers would

likely remove the flashlight and buzzer or make it an optional component to reduce the

Page | 31
surface area of the casing. Another component such as the chopsticks should be replaced

with a smaller metal rod with the same sturdiness.

Assembly

The use of masking tape as a filler to fit the components such as in the case of the

chopstick and the fidget spinner is a great addition. Using only glue gun to fit all the

components is a terrible option since can be detached easily. Although, the glue of glue gun

the compressible, any impact on all components can be minimized. Using super glue can be

recommended since it is fast-drying and sturdy. Although, the application may be difficult

as it sticks to your hand easily. On the casing, the glue of the glue gun is not recommended

at all since only a mild push is what it takes to break it.

Wirings

Long wirings can interrupt the build of aesthetics and can be tampered easily to the

point that it breaks. Shortening the wirings the only fit directly to the desired use would

yield a great value of aesthetic that makes pleasing to the eye and will minimize the

possible tampering since most of it cannot be visible completely.

Aesthetics and Casing

The plain color of the multi-purpose board is the casing is too simple and cannot be

marketable to the public. Applying paint and patterns could increase the overall aesthetic

of the external part of the casing. Having an open top view with only plastic cover used or

not at all, enables the user to have a visual demonstration of the “Realtime” function of the

Page | 32
machine. This also enables the user to pinpoint and fix any sort of malfunction while be

utilized.

External Power Storage

Since the output voltage is always fluctuating, a device that could register or detect

these fluctuations can utilize or store them is advised to be used. The problem is, most

phones have a transient time for a time elapse between the input electricity and the

detection of charging, these fluctuations could most likely be too fast for any sort of

charging detection. The solution is using an external power bank. Not only that power

banks can store 5-volt electricity for future use, it could also detect rapidly fluctuating

surges of electricity. This means that the external power bank is recommended in creating

a generator such as the product.

Page | 33
 C. REDESIGNING, OPTIMIZING AND FINALIZING THE PROTOTYPE

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The preliminary design as elaborated in the previous part of the research serves as

the basis for the factors needed to be considered by the researchers in order to attain

maximum efficiency with optimum portability. The last part of the research also tackles the

difficulty in integrating the desired design pertinent to the suggestion of the interviewed

public.

The last design successfully functioned with enough voltage to charge a power bank

although it is fluctuating. Since most phones have a transient response greater than the

elapsed time of the fluctuation of the electrical energy surges, most phones can't detect the

charge being supplied and thus, a more responsive power storage device designed at 5V

input such as cell phone power bank is more efficient capturing and detecting electricity

surges.

The size and the weight of the preliminary design are not optimal for the term

“portable”. The ease of use in turning the fidget spinner is practically missing on the

preliminary design. For this reason, an improvement must be made in order to comply with

the desired attributes as set by the needs and suggestions of the public. Nonetheless, not all

areas of concern is intended to be solved since some may conflict with one another such as

power output and cost; and range of use and size of the product.

Page | 34
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To improve the previous fidget spinner cellphone charger prototype which would

have a small weight and size for portability, at least 5 volts of energy output at a reasonable

pace, is easy to use and store, aesthetic and has a wide range of use.

DELIMITATIONS

 Since the researchers are only tasked to create a generator, only the voltage would

be measured

 Some measurements may vary slightly due to inconsistencies on the measuring

equipment

Page | 35
 CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This portion of the research is both a quantitative and qualitative descriptive study

which aims to improve the overall design of the fidget spinner charger compared to the

preliminary one.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The researchers used a voltmeter to test the voltage of the product’s energy output

and a ruler and a weighing scale to measure the size and thee weight of the presented

components respectively.

Material Specifications

Dynamo

This is a type of dynamo produces 9 Volts at 2400 rpm and can be used as a motor

with the same specification. In the prototype, it serves as the source of the electricity. The

dynamo model was specifically selected in which the rotating wire or conductor was

perfectly perpendicularly oriented as hinted by the first part of the developmental

research.

Height 3.5 cm
Diameter 3.7 cm

Pro(s) Con(s)
Harvestable from old toys or
unused machines Voltage peaks usually correlated to the size and weight
Each has portable size and Has a small rotor and hard to rotate manually unless

Page | 36
weight depending on the inserted with support or a handle
model
When used as a generator the voltage peak must be
higher since rotation speed speak can't be attained easily

Rotor

It is part of a machine that turns around a central point. In the prototype the following

materials were used as part of the rotor:

Fidget Spinner

It is a toy that was utilized in the prototype as a handle to where it was connected at

one end of the metal rod.

Metal Rod

It is a rod that was used to connect the gear, the fidget spinner, and the bearing. The

researcher has replaced chopstick with a rod from a broken umbrella to minimize the size

and weight of the final product.

Height 17 cm
Diameter 1 mm

Gear

This material is used to produce a speed up multiplier per spin to minimize effort on

spinning the rotor. The multiplier is proportional to the ratio of the initial gear(rotor) to

the secondary (dynamo)provided that the gear has the same or fitting teeth size if a

mechanical gear is used. The following materials were used for the gear in the prototype:

Page | 37
Mechanical Gear

Since the rubber band was proven inefficient, an actual mechanical gear was used.

The main gear was retrieved from the gear of a correction tape while the secondary gear

salvaged from a broken toy car's gear. Since the teeth of both gears fit each other than was

assemble together. The ratio of the gear was proven 8:1 which means that one rotation of

the main gear gives eight complete rotation of the secondary gear at a faster rate. Oil can be

applied on the gears to smoothen the rotation.

The template of a gear used with an 8:1 ratio (not in actual size)

Pro(s) Con(s)
Less friction Does have teeth size to consider
Moves smoother especially with oil Should be connected perfectly to work
Consumes less space Noisier compared to rubber bands
More reliable especially on temperature change
Looks better
Doesn’t stop instantly when spun and may
continue to move 1 – 2 sec
Easier to turn
Doesn’t entangle
Doesn’t break easily when properly used

Page | 38
Case

This material was used to store and protect the prototype. The material used for the

casing was plywood which was connected together with wood glue. The decided shape for

the shape was a rectangular prism with an open top.

Length 12.5 cm
Width 13.7 cm
Height 6 cm

Pro(s) Con(s)
Easy to assemble Hard to assemble
Sturdy Wood glue takes time to harden
Resistant to liquid Hard to cut
Portable
Aesthetic

Wire

This material connects the entire circuit together. This includes the connection of all

dynamos together with the Micro-USB which can be directly put into the Charger. The wire

that was used was rated at gauge 23.

Pro(s) Con(s)
Thin Breaks easily when vigorously moved
Low Resistance Entangles easily when vigorously moved

Power bank

This is the material used to store energy from the prototype. It was used due to it

efficiently reading the fluctuating energy surges from the prototype.

Page | 39
Pro(s) Con(s)
Smoothens power output Additional size and weight
Store energy

Other Apparatus

Micro USB

This is a type of USB which was used as the connector of the energy from the fidget

spinner generator to the power bank.

Buzzer

This material was used to generate sound with a high pitch when specific wattage

was attained with the prototype.

Flashlight

This material was used to produce light on a certain range of wattage produced by

the prototype.

Switch

This material was used to control the flow of electricity passing through the buzzer

and flashlight.

7805 5 Volt Regulator

This component was connected in between the output of the dynamo and input of

the micro USB to regulate the voltage at a maximum of 5 Volts. This component may heat

up as it dissipates the excess the voltage.

Page | 40
 A circuit diagram of the structure and use of 7805 5 Volt Regulator.

Pro(s) Con(s)
Additional uses Additional size and weight

Product Construction

The researchers first connected a pair of dynamo's tip with a small gear which will

act as the second gear. After connecting the pair, the researchers cut a plywood board to

form the base and the walls. Later on, a hole was drilled on a pair of opposite walls to give

space to where the rotor will be inserted. Informing the rotor, the researchers first started

to mark the place of the gear then surrounded the mark with masking tape to make the

area thicker so that the gear will fit exactly. After putting tape, the main gear(correction

tape gear) was placed on the area with tape and was attached with super glue so that the

hold of gear would last and avoid the gear to slip on the tape.

The pair of walls with holes was then glued with wood glue at the opposite ends of the

base. After letting the glue dry, the rotor was then inserted into the holes. The pairs of

dynamos were then placed horizontally so that the main gear would be exactly connected

to the secondary gears. After placing the dynamos at the ideal place, the dynamos were

then attached to the board using a glue gun. While letting the glue dry on the longer outer

end of the rotor, apply masking tape on the end till the thickness will fit onto fidget

Page | 41
spinner’s core then put the fidget spinner and apply super glue to ensure the hold and to

avoid the fidget spinner to slip-off.

The researcher then connected the dynamos all in a series circuit to output the

maximum voltage as possible. The pair of walls with no holes was then glued onto the

board. The output of the dynamos was the connection to the voltage regulator via

breadboard in which the regulator was connected to the power bank. To minimize the size

and weight, the researchers made the buzzer and flashlight optional to be connected. To

filter any fluctuation of the electricity surges created by the dynamo, the power bank is

used.

Top View Photo of the Final Prototype of the Product.

Page | 42
 CHAPTER III
RESULT

 Using the voltmeter, here is the peak voltage result for product both spinning at 60

rpm and 180 rpm:

60 rpm 180 rpm

Voltage 3-5 Volts 7-14 Volts
 Since the ratio between the primary and the secondary gear is 8:1, it would be easy

to turn the rotor by just spinning with the user's fingers.

 The gear applied with oil significantly increase the smoothness of the motion when

spun.

 The size and weight of the entire product are reasonably portable to some extent

depending on the user's perspective.

 The casing is hard and can't be broken easily with a mild shock such as a drop.

 Other materials inside the product can’t be easily detached.

 The wirings were almost at an ideal length and are not easily visible.

 Reasonably aesthetic for the most part.

 The output voltage is still fluctuating.

 The magnets were removed to decrease the weight.

 The product can be easily stored and is sturdy.

 The external power bank work for the fluctuating electric surges.

 Fidget Spinner is mostly fixed.

Page | 43
 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

These are the pros and cons of the final design of the product:

Pros
Can produce a 5-volt output with an easier
and smoother method of use compared to
the last design.
Is reasonably portable in terms of the
weight and size.
Does have an adjacent power bank to store
the fluctuating power generated.
Is easy to store and sturdy
Is structurally stable enough to be carried
around.
The wirings were almost at an ideal length
and are not easily visible.
Cons
Has no flashlight and buzzer option with
switches although it can be attached when
the user wanted the drawback of size.
Does have fluctuating voltage outputs
depending on the speed of the spin
Does stop spinning immediately after spun
by a user.

Other materials inside the product can’t be

easily detached.

The magnets were removed to decrease the

weight.
The casing is hard and can't be broken easily
with a mild shock such as a drop.

The gear applied with oil significantly

increase the smoothness of the motion
when spun.

Is reasonably aesthetic enough for most of

the public.

Page | 44
 These are some areas of concern that lets the researchers elaborate further on their

decisions and recommendation for further improvement:

Gears

Having a gear ratio 8:1 is smooth for the most part. This was because the user was

not turning the secondary gear or the dynamo’s rotor that much compare to the last 30:1

ratio. It is easier to spin for this reason. Furthermore, the rotation of the rotor could last

one to two seconds after the user had stopped spinning it. Although using the mechanical

gears do create quite a noise, the advantage of using this kind of gears compared to the

rubber bands are that there are less friction and no tug-of-war effect that is dominant in the

usage of rubber bands. For these reasons, having mechanical gears on the final product is

recommended.

Dynamo

Using a dynamo with a rating of a much higher voltage from the intended output, 9

volt and 5 volt expectedly is still advisable in creating the dynamo into a generator since

the maximum peak rotation required can’t be attained constantly and would likely yield a

much lower voltage. The use of voltage regulator rated at 5 volts to make sure that the

output voltage cannot damage any device is working. Any voltage surges more than 5 volts

can be pretty much harmless since it cannot be detected by the connected device.

Portability in Terms of Weight and Size

The addition of magnets can greatly increase the weight of the overall product thus

it removed or lessen although, it can boost the desired output voltage quite a bit depending

on the circumstances. Nonetheless, adding an additional magnet in this product produces

Page | 45
more disadvantage although there is already a presence of the static magnet inside the

dynamo. This was done in order to minimize the size and weight to accommodate the term

“portable”. The size is comparable to thrice the volume of modern power banks. Minimizing

the gaps between the internal components and the overall casing is accomplished to some

extent. The researchers removed the flashlight and buzzer or made it an optional

component to reduce the surface area of the casing. Another component such as the

chopstick was replaced with a smaller metal rod with the similar sturdiness such as a thin

metal rod from a broken umbrella.

Assembly

The use of masking tape as a filler to fit the components such as in the case of the

chopstick and the fidget spinner is still a great addition. The researchers have minimized

the use of glue sticks and reinforce it with superglue when it is used. Using superglue is

done since it is fast-drying and sturdy. Although, the application may be difficult as it sticks

to your hand easily.

Wirings

Long wirings can interrupt the build of aesthetics and can be tampered easily to the

point that it breaks so the researchers shorten their lengths to an optimal one as it fits

directly to the desired use. This yield a great value of aesthetic that makes pleasing to the

eye and will minimize the possible tampering since most of it cannot be visible completely.

Page | 46
Aesthetics and Casing

The researchers used plywood to increase the hardness and reliability of the casing.

Applying blue paint and straight patterns increased the overall aesthetic of the external

part of the casing. The researchers leave an open top view with only plastic cover used or

not at all to enables the user to have a visual demonstration of the “Realtime” function of

the machine. This also enables the user to pinpoint and fix any sort of malfunction while be

utilized.

External Power Storage

Since the output voltage is always fluctuating, a device that could register or detect

these fluctuations can utilize or store them such as a power bank is used. Not only that

power banks can store 5-volt electricity for future use, it could also detect rapidly

fluctuating surges of electricity that most phones just isn’t suited for. This means that the

external power bank is fitting in creating a generator such as the product.

The following are the delimitations and regulations and set by the researchers while or

before using the product.

1. The product would only be advisable for short-term alternatives for charging

and, as such, it is not meant for daily casual uses. Commented [G2]: Deleted:y us
Commented [G3]: Deleted:d
2. The product may overheat when overly used and, in this case, should be halted

in any sort of uses.

3. The product may or may not be portable depending on the user.

Page | 47
4. Power output will be low to preserve the portability and cost of the product. This

means higher wind times to charge times in comparison.

5. The output will only be catered for micro USB chargeable phones (usually

android), other devices or appliances cannot be charged properly or at all.

6. Only android phones can use the electricity generated given that it is within the

suggested voltage and wattage output of the product.

7. this will only serve as an alternative energy source for multi-purpose instances

such as emergencies and long trips.

Page | 48
Bibliography

Andrew Rader Studios. (2015). What is a Magnet?. Available from:

http://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_magnets.html. [Accessed: 27/1/2018].

Shawnymel. (n.d.). What is a Battery?. Available from:

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-a-battery. [Accessed: 27/1/2018].

Callahan, R.. (n.d.). Characteristics of Mobile Devices. Available from:

https://www.techwalla.com/articles/characteristics-of-mobile-devices. [Accessed:

7/1/2018].

Pappas, S.. (2017, August). Fidget Spinners: What They Are, How They Work and Why the

Controversy. Available from: https://www.livescience.com/58916-fidget-spinner-faq.html.

[Accessed: 7/1/2018].

Kimberly. (2017). The History of Fidget Spinners. Available from:

https://www.naturalbeachliving.com/history-of-fidget-spinners/. [Accessed: 7/1/2018].

Hoffman, C.. (2016, September). Can You Use Any Charger With Any Device?. Available

from: https://www.howtogeek.com/175734/htg-explains-can-you-use-any-charger-with-

any-device/. [Accessed: 7/1/2018].

Sciencetoolbar. (2017). FIDGET SPINNER GENERATOR: how to make a simple generator.

Available from: http://sciencetoolbar.com/fidget-spinner-generator/. [Accessed:

2/12/2017].

Page | 49
Keszthelyi, C.. (2017). How many fidget spinners can power a light bulb?. Available from:

https://bbj.hu/economy/how-many-fidget-spinners-can-power-a-light-bulb_135193.

[Accessed: 2/12/2017].

Bonyuet, D.. (2013, April 05). Adapters Charge Cell Phones Using Standard AA Batteries.

Available from: http://www.electronicdesign.com/power/adapters-charge-cell-phones-

using-standard-aa-batteries. [Accessed: 7/1/2018].

Yetter, G.. (2006, October 31). Portable, human-powered electrical energy source. Available

from: https://www.google.com/patents/US7129592. [Accessed: 7/1/2018].

Du Bois, A.. (2010, October 26). Rapid response portable hybrid emergency energy

generator. Available from: https://www.google.com/patents/US7821147. [Accessed:

7/1/2018].

Mateu, L. and Moll, F. (2005). Review of energy harvesting techniques and applications for

microelectronics (Keynote Address). VLSI Circuits and Systems II, [online] pp.359-373.

Available at: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-

spie/5837/1/Review-of-energy-harvesting-techniques-and-applications-for-

microelectronics/10.1117/12613046.short#. ArticleLink [Accessed 7 Jan. 2018].

(n.d.). Electromagnetic Induction. Available from: http://www.electronics-

tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnetic-induction.html. [Accessed: 7/1/2018].

(n.d.). First Law of Thermodynamics. Available from: http://hyperphysics.phy-

astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/firlaw.html. [Accessed: 7/1/2018].

Page | 50
(n.d.). Newton's Second Law. Available from:

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Second-Law.

[Accessed: 7/1/2018].

N.a (n.d.). Magnet Wire Information. Globalspec.com. Retrieved from

http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/electrical_electronic_components/wires_cables_ac

cessories/magnet_wire. [Accessed: 27/1/2018]

Slemon, Gordon R. (n.d.). Electric generator | instrument. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/electric-generator. [Accessed:

27/1/2018]

Definition of 'recharger'. (n.d.). Retrieved January 08, 2018, from

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/recharger

What is micro USB? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved January 08, 2018, from

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/micro-USB

Rouse, M. (n.d.). What is voltage? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved January 26, 2018,

from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/voltageAmperage. (n.d.). Retrieved January

08, 2018, from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/amperage

Fidget spinner. (2018, January 06). Retrieved January 08, 2018, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidget_spinner

What is a capacitor (capacitance)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved January

28, 2018, from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/capacitor-capacitance.

Page | 51
Sciencetoolbar. (2017). FIDGET SPINNER GENERATOR: how to make a simple generator.

Available from: http://sciencetoolbar.com/fidget-spinner-generator/. [Accessed:

2/12/2017].

Definition of 'recharger'. (n.d.). Retrieved January 08, 2018, from

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/recharger

What is micro USB? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved January 08, 2018, from

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/micro-USB

Rouse, M. (n.d.). What is voltage? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved January 26, 2018,

from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/voltageAmperage. (n.d.). Retrieved January

08, 2018, from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/amperage

What is capacitor (capacitance)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved January 28,

2018, from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/capacitor-capacitance

Matthias. (2018). GearsTemplate. Available from: http://woodgears.ca/faq/index.html.

[Accessed: 6/3/2018].

Page | 52