International Inventive

International Multidisciplinary
Inventive Journal/Er.
Multidisciplinary Kapil K.
Journal Samar,
ISSN Er. NeelamRathore, Er. Kirtika Sharma(01- 05)
2348-7135

Wireless Solar Charging System: An Advance Thought

Er. Kapil K. Samar, Er. NeelamRathore, Er. Kirtika Sharma

Department of Renewable Energy Engineering

MaharanaPratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan) 313001

Abstract

Development of a solar operated wireless energy transfer system could be an advance research
and very useful gadget in near future among us. The main idea behind this technology is to
distribute the collected electrical energy from a solar panel module to in house loads appliances
wirelessly. Components require for developing this unit is described in this paper. Few
researchers have been attracted by this technology and developed mobile scale wireless charging
system. They all found satisfactory results. Use of renewable sources for such as solar energy will
help to create a better environment.

1. Introduction
A great concern has been voiced in recent years over the extensive use of energy, the limited
supply of resources, and the pollution of the environment from the use of present energy
conversion systems. By the use of Renewable energy based gadgets can overcome this issue.
Electricity from the sun can be produced by using photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic system
comes under renewable energy source which does not contribute to greenhouse gases. These cells
are the ultimate source for producing electricity in space for satellite systems. Photovoltaic solar
panel is typically converts energy of solar radiation into Direct Current electricity using
semiconductors. The photovoltaic effect refers to photons of light exciting electrons into a higher
state of energy that allowing them to act as charge carriers for an electric current.

Second issue is wastage of power during transmission from power plant generators to the
consumer. The resistance of the wire used in the electrical grid distribution system causes a loss
of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss implies that our present system of electrical
distribution is only 70-74% efficient.

In our life, most of the gadgets are operated by electric cable. In present condition wireless energy
transfer technology has attracted much attention because of the capability to transfer energy from
one place to another place without using any contacted wire.

It has been developed very well with many studies and research. This technology uses strong
coupling coils magnetically resonant in a near field to transfer energy. Common applications of

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International Inventive Multidisciplinary Journal/Er. Kapil K. Samar, Er. NeelamRathore, Er. Kirtika Sharma(01- 05)

this technology include portable devices such as mobile phones, laptops and MP3, medical
implant, hybrid car and sensors etc. This technology is useful in situations where interconnecting
wires or cable are inconvenient, hazardous or not possible when power transfer is required. This
paper reviews the general approach for adopting the wireless charging technology for charging
batteries of any portable device.

Zambariet. al. (2013) designed a solar PV module based wireless mobile battery charger with
three different transmitting coils each having high quality factor (Q> 100). 240W, 30V, 60cells
poly crystalline solar module was used. The transmitting coil was different by shape as circular,
flat Rodin and flat spiral coil. Flat spiral coil achieved higher efficiency and longer distance of
transmissions compare to the other designs. It was suggested that the length of transmission can
be increased by increasing the area of transmission coil.

Lo et.al. (2005) discussed with the different components used in wireless battery charger
technology. A proto type system was developed for charging the cell phone battery. It was found
that the developed system was losing the power which ultimately downs the efficiency.

Dimple et. al. (2013) and Patel, A. (2013) described components used in microwave based
wireless charging system.

2. Components and Working

Zambari et.al.described the technique for using solar power in wireless charging technique. The
system starts with collecting the energy generated by the PV solar panel module. This energy will
transfer to load without using any contacted wires. Energy is functionally separated for two
purposes; which are mainly as energy supply to electric loads and as energy supply to switch the
electronic parts of wireless energy transfer module. The battery storage is used to sustain the
power for electronic parts in order to increase the reliability of the overall system. From that,
electronic parts will generate high frequency signal to transmit the energy to the loads. The
electronic parts consist of inverter driver and RF amplifier. The purpose is to change DC to AC
source and to generate high frequency signal as well as to amplify the source. After the energy has
passed through the electronic parts, the transmitter antenna will transmit the energy to the receiver
antenna. The energy is then changed back to DC mode before being fully utilized by the end-
product loads.

The major components which are being used for this technology is briefly described below.

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International Inventive Multidisciplinary Journal/Er. Kapil K. Samar, Er. NeelamRathore, Er. Kirtika Sharma(01- 05)

A. Solar module: A solar module is made of mono or multi crystalline silicon material which is
used to convert the solar radiation to DC power. The capacity of a module is decided on the load
as well as power consumption of the electronic circuit.
B. Transmitters: It is also known as magnetron where both magnetic and electric fields are
employed in its operation. The applied magnetic field is constant and applied along the axis of the
circular device illustrated. The power is applied to the central cathode in the device which is
heated and supply energetic electrons by the process of thermionic emission in the absence of the
magnetic field. Electrons would tend to move radially outward to the ring anode which is
surrounds to cathode. There are many kind of slotted wave guide antenna available like parabolic
dish antenna, micro strip patch antenna etc.

Fig.1 Solar module based wireless battery charging system (Zambari et.al.)

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International Inventive Multidisciplinary Journal/Er. Kapil K. Samar, Er. NeelamRathore, Er. Kirtika Sharma(01- 05)

Fig.2. Magnetron

C. Receiver: Rectenna is used in the receiver system.A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special
type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. Its elements
are usually arranged in a mesh pattern, giving it a distinct appearance from most antennae.
A simple rectenna can be constructed from a Schottky diode placed between antenna dipoles. A
Schottky diode is a special type of diode with a very low forward-voltage drop. The lower voltage
drop can provide higher switching speed and better system efficiency. The diode rectifies the
current induced in the antenna by the magnetic waves. Rectennae are highly efficient at laboratory
condition for converting magnetic energy to electricity. Another important part of our receiver
circuitry is a simple sensor which controls the charging of the load.

3. Conclusion:
This paper introducing a concept of wireless transmission of electricity produced from solar. The
mode of using electricity will be changed by this technology in near future. This concept make
people able to acquire the most efficient, effective, pollution free and healthy way of getting
electricity. Researches are being made to develop such systems that can charge batteries at
anytime and at anywhere.

4. Reference:
Zambari, I.F., Hui, C.Y. and Mohemad, R. (2013). Development of wireless energy transfer
module for solar energy harvesting. Procedia Technology 11; 882894.
Maqsood, M and Nasir, M. (2013). Wireless electricity (Power) transmission using solar based
power satellite technology. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 439; 012046; 1-8.

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International Inventive Multidisciplinary Journal/Er. Kapil K. Samar, Er. NeelamRathore, Er. Kirtika Sharma(01- 05)

Raghunathan,V., Kansal, A., Hsu, J., Friedman, J. and Srivastava, M. (2005). Design
Considerations for Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Embedded Systems. IEEE. 457-462.
Patel, A. (2006). Wireless charging of mobile phone using microwaves. International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue3; 1-5.
Dimple, Singh, D. (2013). Wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves. International
Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineers. Vol. No.1, Issue No. 1, January-June; 38-45.
Patel, A. (2013). Wireless Charging of Mobile Phone using Microwaves. International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research. Volume 4, Issue3; 1-5.

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