CE 371 HOME EXERCISES- 1

1) The velocity distribution for the flow of a

Newtonian fluid between two wide, parallel
plates is given by equation
3V   y  
2

u 
   
1
2   h  
where V is the mean velocity. The fluid has a
viscosity of 0.38 Ns/m2. When V=1m/s and
h=0.5 cm determine:
a) the shearing stress acting on the bottom
wall
b) the shearing stress acting on a plane
parallel to the walls and passing through the
centerline

2) A block of mass M slides on a thin film of

oil. The film thickness is h and the area of
the block A. When released, mass m exerts
tension on the cord, causing the block to
accelerate. Neglect friction in the pulley and
air resistance. Develop an algebraic
expression for the viscous force that acts on
the block when it moves at speed V. Derive a
differential equation for the block speed as a
function of time. Obtain an expression for the
block speed as function of time. The mass
M=5kg, m=1kg, A=25 cm2, and h=0.5 mm.
If it takes 1 second for the speed to reach 1
m/s, find oil viscosity .

3) A conical pointed shaft turns in a conical

bearing. The gap between shaft and bearing
is filled with oil having viscosity of 0.2
Ns/m2. Calculate the viscous torque that acts
on the shaft.

4) A large moveable plate is located between

two large plate as shown in the figure.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the
shearing stresses that act on the fixed walls
when the moving plate has a velocity of 4
m/s. Assume that the velocity distribution
between the plates is linear
5) A viscous clutch is to be made from a pair
of closely spaced parallel disks enclosing a
thin layer of viscous liquid. Develop an
expression for the torque in terms of liquid
viscosity , disk radius R, disk spacing a, and
the angular speeds; wi of the input disk and
wo of the output disk.

6) A spherical thrust bearing is shown. The

gap between the spherical member and the
housing is of constant width h. Obtain an
expression for the torque on the spherical
member, as a function of angle .

7) A thin layer of glycerin which has a

viscosity of 1.5 Ns/m2, flows down an
inclined, wide plate with the velocity
distribution shown in the figure. For
h=0.762cm, and =20, determine the
surface velocity U. Note that for the
equilibrium, the component of weight acting
parallel to the plate surface must be balance
by the shearing force developed along the
plate surface. In your analysis assume a unit
plate width. gl=12.4 kN/m3

8) A layer of water flows down an inclined

fixed surface with the velocity distribution
shown in the figure. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the shearing
stress that the water exerts on the fixed
surface for U=3m/s and h=0.1m
water = 1.12  10 3 Ns/m2
9) What is the damping torque for w =0.2
rad/s if the oil has a viscosity of
8  10 3 Ns/m2 ? Neglect effects on the outer
edge of the rotating plate.
10) If the inside diameter of capillary tube is
3 mm,  angle is equal to 30 and the  for
the water in the presence of air is 0.0730N/m
determine the height h, of water rise in the
capillary tube and draw the figure of the
capillary tube. Specific weight of water in the
capillary tube is 9806 N/m3

ANSWERS

1) a) 228 N/m2 b)0

2) Fv  VA h ; V  mgh A 1  exp  At / M  m h  ;   1.29 Ns/m2
3) T= 0.0205 N.m
4) 13.3 N/m2 in direction of moving plate
5) T      R 4 / 2a
2R 4  cos3  2
6) T    cos   
h  3 3
7) 0.0821 m/s
8) 6.72  10 2 N/m2 acting in the direction of flow
9) 1.988  10 5 Nm
10) 8.6 mm
 CE 371 HOME EXERCISE PROBLEMS-2
1) Find the difference in pressure
between tanks A and B if
d1=300mm, d2=150mm, d3=460mm,
d4=200 mm and S.GHG =13.6
w=9.80 kN/m3

2) Determine the elevation

difference, h, between the water
levels in the two open tanks shown
in the figure. w=9.80 kN/m3

3) An air-filled, hemispherical shell

is attached to the ocean floor at a
depth of 10 m as shown in the
figure. A mercury barometer located
inside the shell reads 765 mm Hg,
and a mercury U-tube manometer
designed to give the outside water
pressure indicates a differential
reading of 735 mm Hg as illustrated.
Based on these data what is the
atmospheric pressure at the ocean
surface. mercury=133 kN/m3,
sea water=10.1 kN/m3
4) A partitioned tank as shown
contains water and mercury. What is
the gage pressure in the air trapped
in the left chamber? What pressure
would the air on the left need to be
pumped to in order to bring water
and mercury free surfaces level?
w=9.80 kN/m3, S.Gmercury =13.55
5) Consider a tank containing
mercury, water, benzene, and air as
shown. Find the air pressure(gage),
If an opening is made in the top of
the tank, find the equilibrium level
of the mercury in the manometer.
S.Gmercury =13.55
S.Gbenzene =0.879
w=9.80 kN/m3

6) An inverted open tank is held in

place by a force R as shown in
figure. If the specific gravity of the 1 cm diameter
manometer fluid is 2.5, determine tube
the value of h and R. Neglect the R
weight of the tank. 2 m diameter
tank
h
Air
3m
2m
Water
1m
Water

ANSWERS
1) 77.217 kPa
2) 0.040 m
3) 94.9 kPa
4) p = 3.48 kPa (gage) ; p= 123 kPa
5) p = 24.7 kPa (gage) ; h=0.116 m
6) h= 2.20m; R=61.6 kN
 CE 371 HOMEWORK 3

1) A gate having the shape in the figure is

located in the vertical side of an open tank
containing water. The gate is mounted on a
horizontal shaft. (a) When the water level is
at the top of the gate, determine the
magnitude of the fluid force on rectangular
portion of the gate above the shaft and the
magnitude of the fluid force on the
semicircular portion of the gate below the
shaft. (b) For this same fluid depth determine
the moment of the force acting on the
semicircular portion of the gate with respect
to an axis which coincides with the shaft.
γwater = 9810 N/m3
For a a semi circle;
4R
I xc = 0.1098R 4 and y CG =
3π

Gate
2) As water rises on the left side of the
rectangular gate, the gate will open
automatically. At what depth above the hinge
1.5 m
will this occur? Neglect the mass of the gate. D
γwater = 9810 N/m3

Hinge
Water

3) Gate AB in the figure has a homogeneous

mass of 180 kg, 1.2 m wide into the paper,
resting on smooth bottom B. For what water
depth h will the force at point B be zero?
γglycerin = 12360 N/m3, γwater = 9810 N/m3
4) The pressure in the air gap is 8000 Pa
gage. The tank is cylindrical. Calculate the
net hydrostatic force (a) on the bottom of
the tank; (b) on the cylindrical sidewall
CC; and (c) on the annular plane panel BB.
γwater = 9810 N/m3

5) For the closed tank of the figure, all

fluids are at 20°C and the air space is
pressurized. If the outward net hydrostatic
force on the 40-cm by 30-cm panel at the
bottom is 8450 N, estimate (a) the pressure
in the air space; and (b) the reading h on
the manometer. γoil = 8720 N/m3, γwater =
9810 N/m3, γmercury = 133100 N/m3

6) A “V” shaped tank is hinged about point

A as shown in the figure. The tank is C
B Cable
prevented from opening by a cable BC. Find 1m
the force in the cable if the spacing between
Water
the cables perpendicular the figure’s plane is 3m
110°
1 m. γwater = 9810 N/m3
A Hinge

7) Gate AB in the figure is hinged at A,

has width b into the paper, and makes
smooth contact at B. The gate has uniform
density ρS and uniform thickness t. For what
gate density, expressed as a function of (h, t,
ρ, θ), will the gate just begin to lift off the
bottom?

8) An open rectangular container contains a

liquid that has a specific weight that varies
according to the equation γ = c1 + c 2 h , where
c1 and c2 are constants and h is a vertical
coordinate measured downward from the
free surface. Derive an equation for the
magnitude of the liquid force exerted on the
one wall of the container having a width, b,
and height H, and an equation that gives the
vertical coordinate of this force.

9) Two square gates close two openings in a

conduit connected to an open tank of water
as shown in the figure. When the water depth
h reaches 5 m it is desired that both gates
open at the same time. Determine the weight
of the homogeneous horizontal gate and the
horizontal force R, acting on the vertical gate
that is required to keep the gates closed until
this depth is reached. The weight of the
vertical gate is negligible and both gates are
hinged at one end as shown. Friction in the
hinges is negligible. γwater = 9810 N/m3

10) A structure is attached to the ocean floor

as shown in the figure. 2 m diameter hatch is
located an inclined and hinged at on one
edge. Determine the minimum air pressure,
p1 within the container to open the hatch.
Neglect the weight of the hatch and friction
in the hinge. γsea water = 10.1 kN/m3

ANSWERS

1)a) Frec = 1059 kN, Fcir = 1009 kN; b) 1.37×106 Nm

2) 2.598 m
3) 2.44 m
4) a) 1183.8 N; b) 0; c) 853.8 N
5) a) 58808 Pa (gauge); b) 0.44 m
6) 33541 N
2h
7) ρ s = ρ
3t cos θ
2 1  c2 
+  H
 H 2
H  h 3 4  c1 
3
8) F = b c1 + c2 ; =
 2 6  H 1c 
1 +  2 H
3  c1 
9) W = 31.92 kN, R =497.04 kN
10) 26.5 kPa
 CE 371 HOMEEXERCISE-3

1) A plug in the bottom of a pressurized tank

is conical in shape as shown. The air pressure
is 50 kPa and the liquid in the tank has a
specific weight of 27 kN/m3. Determine the
magnitude, direction and line of action of the
force exerted on the curved surface of the
cone within the tank due to the 50 kPa
pressure and the liquid.

2) Three gates of negligible weight are used

to hold back water in a channel of width b as
shown in figure. The force of the gate against
the block for gate (b) is R. Determine (in
terms of R) the force against the blocks for
the other two gates.

3) A sphere of radius R, made from a

material of specific gravity SG, is submerged
in a tank of water. The sphere is placed over
a hole, of radius a, in the tank bottom.
Develop a general expression for the range of H=0.8 m water R=20 mm
specific gravities for which the sphere will
float to the surface. For the dimensions
given, determine the minimum SG required
for the sphere to remain in the position
shown. water = 9810 N/m3 a=2 mm

4)A cylindrical weir has a diameter of 3 m

and a length of 6 m. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force acting on the
weir from the weir. water = 9810 N/m3
5) Circular-arc Tainter gate ABC
pivots about point O. For the position
shown, determine (a) the hydrostatic force
on the gate (per meter of width into the
paper); and (b) its line of action. Does the
force pass through point O?
water = 9810 N/m3

6) The tank in the figure contains

benzene and is pressurized to 200 kPa
(gage) in the air gap. Determine the vertical
hydrostatic force on circular-arc section AB
and its line of action.
benzene = 881 kg/m3

7) The hemispherical dome in the figure atmosphere

weighs 30 kN and is filled with water and
attached to the floor by six equally spaced
3 cm
bolts. What is the force in each 4m
bolt required to hold the dome down? cylindrical
pipe

hemi-spherical
dome

m
water
2

6 bolts

8) Find the resultant hydrostatic force acting

on the cylindrical gate and its application oil
point. Width of the gate is 4 m. 2.5m o
2m
1.5m oil
o=7848N/m3
water
w 1m
1m
R=

2m O

1m water
hinge w=9810N/m3
cylindrical
gate
9) A dam is to be constructed across a river
using the cross section shown. Assume the
dam width is w = 50 m. For water height H =
2.5 m, calculate the magnitude and the line of
action of vertical force of water on the dam
face.

10) A 4-m-diameter water tank consists

of two half-cylinders, each weighing
4.5 kN/m, bolted together as in the figure
If the end caps are neglected, compute the
force in each bolt.

ANSWERS

1) 127.8 kN directed vertically downward along the cone axis.

2) FB = 1.17R [for case (a)]; FB = 0.875R [for case (c)]
2
3 H a 
3) SG  1    ; Min. S.G = 0.70
4 RR
4) Fres = 369.9 kN; = 57.5
5) Fres =179.45 kN; = 10.27 ; yes
6) FV = 122400 N/m; acting 29.9 cm to the right of A
7) 90876 N
8) Fres =161002 N; = 2.19
9) FV = 1.05106 N acting 1.61 m from the upstream face of the dam
10) 90876