Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. Robert LaRose is an Emeritus full professor in the Department of Media and
Information at Michigan State University. He was recently honored with the MSU
William J. Beal Outstanding Faculty Award. Other accolades include the
Outstanding Article Award of the Year in the field of communication from the
International Communication Association and the McQuail Award for the Best
Article Advancing Communication Theory from Amsterdam School of
Communication Research for his 2010 paper "The Problem of Media Habits". Dr.
LaRose conducts research on the uses and effects of the Internet and has
published and presented numerous articles, essays, and book chapters on
computer-mediated communication, social cognitive explanations of the Internet
and its effects on behavior, understanding Internet usage, privacy, and more. In
addition to his teaching and research, he is an avid watercolor painter and
traveler. Visit Professor LaRose at http://www.msu.edu/~larose.
Note.—Only the appropriations from which war expenditures were made are included in the
above.
NATIONAL DEBTS, EXPENDITURE AND
COMMERCE, PER CAPITA.
Country. Annual
Debt per expenditure per Annual imports Annual exports
head. head. per head. per head.
Argentine
Republic $39.07 $12.04 $20.31 $25.66
Austria-
Hungary 5.73 1.63 7.19 5.70
Austria
proper 65.26 9.29
Hungary
proper 17.68 7.53
Belgium 48.08 10.13 53.41 46.06
Bolivia 10.04 2.58 3.30 2.08
Brazil 36.43 6.70 8.71 10.31
Canada 31.16 6.69 25.87 24.94
Chili 24.49 10.66 18.21 17.95
Colombia 5.22 .94 2.35 3.38
Denmark 27.19 6.83 26.31 17.95
Ecuador 20.20 24.36 8.77 4.51
Egypt 85.82 10.42 5.52 12.94
France 127.23 14.07 24.17 26.05
German
Empire .70 3.15 21.54 14.21
Prussia 10.55 6.33
Great Britain
and Ireland 114.62 12.35 59.11 40.59
Greece 27.50 5.35 16.49 10.30
India, British 3.01 1.42 .93 1.48
Italy 71.94 10.12 9.67 8.85
Mexico 42.63 2.68 3.13 3.41
Netherlands 101.21 11.37 71.27 67.70
Norway 7.48 5.91 28.77 18.77
Paraguay 54.72 3.39 2.55 2.74
Peru 79.82 12.62 14.02
Portugal 96.84 6.70 8.60 5.97
Roumania 11.82 3.85 3.19 5.60
Russia 26.33 4.83 4.22 3.23
Servia 3.61 1.43 4.58 4.06
Spain 142.71 7.83 3.96 4.48
Sweden 8.86 4.93 19.39 14.11
Switzerland 2.25 3.08
Turkey 31.70 4.38 2.23 1.59
United States 52.56 6.13 12.64 15.40
Uruguay 98.00 15.28 40.25 38.09
Venezuela 35.11 2.04 6.72 9.52
STATEMENT
Average Values of Gold in United States Paper Currency in the New York
Market from the Suspension to the Resumption of Specie Payments, during the
period of Seventeen Years, from 1862 to 1878, both inclusive—Prepared for the
U. S. Treasury Department by E. B. Elliott.
Table showing the Average Value in Currency of One Hundred Dollars in Gold
in the New York Market, by Months, Quarter-years, Half-years, Calendar
Years, and Fiscal Years, from January 1, 1862, to December 31, 1878, both
inclusive.
PERIODS. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869.
January 102.5 145.1 155.5 216.2 140.1 134.6 138.5 135.6
February 103.5 160.5 158.6 205.5 138.4 137.4 141.4 134.4
March 101.8 154.5 162.9 173.8 130.5 135. 139.5 131.3
April 101.5 151.5 172.7 148.5 127.3 135.6 138.7 132.9
May 103.3 148.9 176.3 135.6 131.8 137. 139.6 139.2
June 106.5 144.5 210.7 140.1 148.7 137.5 140.1 138.1
July 115.5 130.6 258.1 142.1 151.6 139.4 142.7 136.1
August 114.5 125.8 254.1 143.5 148.7 109.8 145.5 134.2
September 118.5 134.2 222.5 143.9 145.5 143.4 143.6 136.8
October 128.5 147.7 207.2 145.5 148.3 143.5 137.1 130.2
November 131.1 148. 233.5 147. 143.8 139.6 134.4 126.2
December 132.3 151.1 227.5 146.2 136.7 134.8 135.2 121.5
First quarter-year 102.6 153.4 159. 198.5 136.3 135.7 139.8 133.8
Second quarter-year 103.8 148.3 186.6 141.4 135.9 136.7 139.5 136.7
Third quarter-year 116.2 130.2 244.9 143.2 148.6 141.2 143.9 135.7
Fourth quarter-year 130.6 148.9 222.7 146.2 142.9 139.3 135.6 126.
First half-year 103.2 150.8 172.8 169.9 136.1 136.2 139.6 135.3
Second half-year 123.4 139.6 233.8 144.7 145.8 140.3 139.8 130.8
Calendar year 113.3 145.2 203.3 157.3 140.9 138.2 139.7 133.
Fiscal year ended June
30 137.1 156.2 201.9 140.4 141. 139.9 137.5
PERIODS. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878.
January 121.3 110.7 109.1 112.7 111.4 112.5 112.8 106.3 102.1
February 119.5 111.5 110.3 114.1 112.3 114.5 113.4 105.4 102.
March 112.6 111. 110.1 115.5 112.1 115.5 114.3 104.8 101.2
April 113.1 110.6 111.1 117.8 113.4 114.8 113. 106.2 100.6
May 114.7 111.5 113.7 117.7 112.4 115.8 112.6 106.9 100.7
June 112.9 112.4 113.9 116.5 111.3 117. 112.5 105.4 100.8
July 116.8 112.4 114.3 115.7 110. 114.8 111.9 105.4 100.5
August 117.9 112.4 114.4 115.4 109.7 113.5 111.2 105. 100.6
September 114.8 114.5 113.5 112.7 109.7 115.8 110. 103.3 100.4
October 112.8 113.2 113.2 108.9 110. 116.4 109.7 102.8 100.6
November 111.4 111.2 112.9 108.6 110.9 114.7 109.1 102.8 100.2
December 110.7 109.3 112.2 110. 111.7 113.9 109.8 102.8 100.1
First quarter-year 117.8 111.1 109.8 114.1 111.9 114.2 113.5 105.5 101.7
Second quarter-year 113.6 111.5 112.9 117.3 112.4 115.9 112.7 106.2 100.7
Third quarter-year 116.5 113.1 114.1 114.6 109.8 114.7 111. 104.6 101.5
Fourth quarter-year 111.6 111.2 112.8 109.2 110.9 115. 108.9 102.8 101.3
First half-year 115.7 111.3 111.4 115.7 112.2 115.1 113.1 105.9 101.2
Second half-year 114. 121.1 113.4 111.9 110.3 114.8 109.9 103.7 100.4
Calendar year 114.9 111.7 112.4 113.8 111.2 114.9 111.5 104.8 100.8
Fiscal year ended
June 30 123.3 112.7 111.8 114.6 112. 112.7 113.9 107.9 102.8
CHRONOLOGICAL POLITICS.