UTS MIDTERM REVIEWER

Behavioral Reflection of Self: Gilbert Ryle emphasized that the self is manifested through one's behavior
and actions, challenging the idea of an inner, hidden self.

Genes in Heredity: Genes are particles that carry hereditary characteristics, determining various traits
and features in individuals.

Intelligent Behavior - Persistence: Persistence in intelligent behavior involves not giving up when the
answer to a problem is not immediately known, demonstrating determination and resilience.

Kantian Self-Construction: Immanuel Kant suggested that the self is constructed through consciousness,
intuition, and imagination, emphasizing internal processes.

Integration of Plato's Ideas with Christianity: St. Augustine integrated Plato's philosophical ideas with
Christian theology, blending classical thought with religious beliefs.

Aristotelian Personhood: Aristotle posited that the soul defines personhood, highlighting the non-
material essence as crucial in determining individuality.

Chromosomal Contribution: Male parents contribute a Y chromosome, while female parents contribute
an X chromosome to the offspring.

ID, Ego, and Superego: Sigmund Freud proposed these components within the human psyche,
influencing personality and behavior.

Male Sex Cells: Spermatozoa are the male sex cells produced in the testes, essential for fertilizing the
female egg.

Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am): Coined by René Descartes, this phrase encapsulates the idea
that self-awareness is inherent in the act of thinking.

Heredity: Heredity refers to the transmission of traits from parents to offspring, influencing the genetic
makeup of individuals.

Embodied Subjectivity: Maurice Merleau-Ponty argued that the self is embodied subjectivity,
emphasizing the inseparable unity of the body and mind.

Rylean Concept of Self: Gilbert Ryle proposed that the self is the behavior presented by the person,
challenging the notion of an inner, hidden self.

Freudian ID (It): According to Sigmund Freud, the ID represents the aspect of personality driven by self-
gratification and the pleasure principle.

Tabula Rasa: According to John Locke, this concept denotes the mind at birth as a blank slate, ready to
be shaped by experiences and devoid of innate knowledge.

Beginning of Life: Life begins at conception, the moment when an embryo is formed following the union
of sperm and egg.

Genetic Code: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the substance within genes that contains the code of
heredity, carrying instructions for the development and functioning of organisms.
Genes in Heredity: Genes are particles that carry hereditary characteristics, determining various traits
and features in individuals.

Path to Genuine Happiness (Plato): Plato believed in self-knowledge and purification of the soul as the
primary path to genuine happiness, contrasting material pursuits.

Merleau-Ponty's Self Description: Maurice Merleau-Ponty described the self as embodied subjectivity,
emphasizing the unity of the body and mind.

Crisis in Psychosocial Development (Erikson): In Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, a "crisis" refers to a
turning point and increased vulnerability, shaping the individual's development.

Using All the Senses: This intelligent behavior involves using all the senses to solve problems more
effectively, enhancing problem-solving through a multi-sensory approach.

Primary Emotions (Plutchik): According to Robert Plutchik's theory, there are eight primary emotions in
the "Wheel of Emotions," forming the foundation of human emotional experiences.

Association of Emotions (Psychology): Emotions are primarily associated with neurophysiological

changes and cognitive processes, reflecting the interplay of physiological and mental aspects.

Emotion Triggered by Unexpected Events: Surprise is an emotion typically triggered by unexpected

events or stimuli, reflecting a sudden and unanticipated reaction.

Highest Form of Intelligent Behavior: According to cognitive psychologists, creativity is considered one
of the highest forms of intelligent behavior, involving the generation of novel and valuable ideas.

Function of Fear: The primary function of the emotion of fear is to serve as a survival mechanism,
alerting individuals to potential threats and promoting adaptive responses.

Expressing Emotions Effectively: As part of LEMS, individuals should practice using "I" statements to
express their emotions and needs effectively, fostering healthy communication and understanding.

Flexibility in Thinking: In intelligent behaviors, flexibility in thinking means considering other points of
view, demonstrating adaptability and openness to diverse perspectives.

Metacognition: Metacognition refers to awareness of how one is thinking or the knowledge of what is
going on in one's head, involving the ability to monitor and regulate one's cognitive processes.

Developmental Stages (Freud): According to Freud, the development of an individual can be divided into
distinct stages characterized by sexual drives, influencing emotional and psychological growth.

Purpose of Langley Emotional Management Strategies (LEMS): The purpose of LEMS is to help
individuals manage and regulate their emotions, promoting emotional well-being and resilience.

Function of the Ego (Freud): In Freud's psychological view, the primary function of the ego is providing a
sense of identity and rationality, mediating between internal desires and external reality.

First Step in LEMS: The first step in LEMS is to identify emotional triggers, understanding the situations
or stimuli that evoke specific emotional responses.
"A" in T.A.P. Technique: In the T.A.P. Technique, the "A" stands for Acknowledge your emotions,
emphasizing the importance of recognizing and acknowledging one's emotional experiences.

Superego (Freud): A part of the superego in Freud's view is concerned with morals and precepts,
representing the internalized societal and moral standards.

Self-Soothing Activities: Engaging in distraction and self-soothe activities is an emotional management

strategy for comfort and relief, promoting self-care and emotional regulation.

Emotion of Joy: Joy is the emotion associated with feelings of happiness, contentment, and delight,
representing a positive and uplifting emotional state.

Primary Focus of Psychology: The primary focus of psychology is the study of human and non-human
behavior, encompassing a broad exploration of mental processes and behaviors.

Structure of Human Psyche (Freud): According to Sigmund Freud, the human psyche is structured into
three parts: the ID, Ego, and Superego, each influencing personality and behavior.

Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to reduce effort when working in a group.

The final step in LEMS encourages individuals to be kind to themselves during emotional challenges,
promoting self-compassion.

In social psychology, a relationship involves mutual and reciprocal communication or action between
individuals or groups.

Social facilitation can lead to improved or reduced individual performance or effort when working with a
group.

Person perception involves forming impressions and making judgments about an individual's likability
based on interactions.

Social psychology is a broad field focused on understanding how various factors, including interaction
with others, impact thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behavior.

Group work usually involves collective effort, and often more than one person is needed to accomplish a
task.

Interactions involve mutual communication or action between individuals or groups, emphasizing

reciprocity.

DBT is mentioned as the therapeutic approach in Langley Emotional Management Strategies (LEMS) for
learning and applying emotional regulation techniques.

Social norms guide behavior, but individual responsibility for others' reactions is not a defining
characteristic of social norms.