Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
________ Derived from intraembryonic coelom
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
The peritoneal cavity is derived from the caudal extension of the horseshoe-shaped
intraembryonic coelom that forms early in the fourth week of development. In the
illustration, the foregut (primordial stomach) is suspended in the peritoneal cavity by
the dorsal mesentery (dorsal mesogastrium) and the ventral mesentery (hepatogastric
ligament).
2.
________ Ventral mesentery of the stomach
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1983, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 8-2
The ventral mesentery of the stomach develops from the septum transversum and
extends from this septum to the ventral aspect of the caudal part of the foregut. This
part of the foregut gives rise to the stomach and the superior part of the duodenum.
After the liver develops, the ventral mesentery attaches the stomach to the liver
(hepatogastric ligament) and the first part of the duodenum to the liver
(hepatoduodenal ligament).
3.
________ Caudal part of the foregut
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
The endoderm of the caudal part of the foregut gives rise to the epithelium and
glands of the inferior end of the esophagus, the stomach, and the superior part of the
duodenum. The muscular and fibrous elements of these structures are derived from
the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm. The superior part of the foregut gives rise to
the pharynx and its derivatives, the lower respiratory tract, and the superior part of
the esophagus.
4.
________ Dorsal mesogastrium
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The dorsal mesentery (dorsal mesogastrium) suspends the stomach in the peritoneal
cavity. The spleen subsequently develops between the two layers of the dorsal
mesogastrium. Later, as the result of positional changes and growth, the dorsal
mesogastrium hangs over the transverse colon and small intestine; this part of the
dorsal mesentery is the greater omentum.
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1983, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 8-3
A. Costodiaphragmatic recess
B. Cervical myotomes
C. Congenital hiatal hernia
D. Pleuroperitoneal membrane
E. Pericardioperitoneal canal
ANS: C
If the embryonic esophageal hiatus or opening in the diaphragm is excessively large,
abdominal viscera may herniate through it into the thorax, producing a congenital
diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Another uncommon type of CDH, the sliding hiatal
hernia, is believed to be caused by a short esophagus. Because of this anomaly, the
superior part of the stomach remains in the thorax and the stomach is constricted
where it passes through the esophageal opening.
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1983, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 8-4
ANS: E
The pericardioperitoneal canals become the adult pleural cavities. Membranes
develop at the cranial and caudal ends of these canals that separate the pleural
cavities from the pericardial cavity and the peritoneal cavity, respectively. The
developing lungs invaginate the medial walls of the pericardioperitoneal cavities.
The inner (visceral) and outer (parietal) walls of these canals eventually come close
together as the layers of pleura.
10. ________ Derived from the third to fifth cervical spinal cord segments
A. Esophageal mesentery
B. Pleuropericardial membrane
C. Phrenic nerves
D. Crura of the diaphragm
E. Embryonic mediastinum
ANS: C
The phrenic nerves are derived from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical segments of
the spinal cord. These nerves accompany the myoblasts that grow into the
developing diaphragm from the myotome regions of the cervical somites. The
diaphragm descends as elongation of the neck, descent of the heart, and expansion of
the pericardial and pleural cavities occur. The descent of the diaphragm, after it
receives its main nerve supply, explains the rather unusual course of the phrenic
nerves.
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1983, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 8-5
13.
________ Future pleural cavity
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
The pericardioperitoneal canals are the future pleural cavities. As the lungs develop,
they invaginate (push into) the medial walls of these canals, like fists pushed into the
sides of almost empty balloons. These invaginations are so complete that the space
between the two walls of the canals (future layers of pleura) is reduced to a narrow
gap.
14.
________ Primordium of the esophagus
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1983, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank 8-6
ANS: E
The foregut gives rise to the epithelium and glands of the esophagus and stomach.
Other regions of the foregut give rise to the pharynx and its derivatives, the lower
respiratory tract, the duodenum as far as the bile duct, the liver, the pancreas, and the
biliary apparatus.
15.
________ Gives rise to central tendon
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A
The septum transversum, a thick mass of mesenchyme, gives rise to the central
tendon of the diaphragm. It is the first component of the diaphragm that is
recognizable (end of third week). It forms the caudal limit of the pericardial cavity
after folding of the embryo and separates it from the future peritoneal cavity. During
the fourth week, groups of myoblasts (muscle-forming cells) from the cervical
somites (three to five) migrate into the cranial part of the septum transversum,
carrying their phrenic nerve fibers with them.
16.
________ Pleuroperitoneal membrane
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1989, 1983, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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XXV
LE COIN DES FOLLES