I.

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE
The two functions of mitosis in animals
OF ANIMALS
* The main functions of mitosis are growth and repair. Some
cells once fully formed do not undergo cell division, such as
I. THE STRUCTURE OF ANIMALS nerve cells and muscle cells. Since you can never re-grow or
repair these types of cells once they are mature, you must take
care of the ones you have.
The structures of animals consist of primary tissues that make
up more complex organs and organ systems. Homeostasis
allows an animal to maintain a balance between its internal and
external environments. The structures of animals consist of
primary tissues that make up more complex organs and organ
systems.

What is the process of mitosis in an animal cell?

* Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, in which one cell

divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. In the
various stages of mitosis, the cell's chromosomes are copied
and then distributed equally between the two new nuclei of the
daughter cells.

1 2

II. MONKEYS
How are humans affecting monkeys?
* Humanity's population expansion is the main cause for the
extinction threat, with 5 billion humans living in countries with
primates. Habitat loss due to logging, mining and agriculture;
hunting; the illegal pet trade; and climate change are all top
reasons for the decline, Garber said.
How do monkeys affect the environment?
* Monkeys and apes disperse the highest quantity of seeds
compared to other seed dispersers in the same habitat.
Therefore, primates play active roles in allowing the
continuation of the carbon cycle and carbon sequestration
against global climate change.
3 4
Diseases can humans give to monkeys
Humans can spread diseases, such as measles (rubeola) or
tuberculosis to macaques. Personnel who enter areas where
macaques are housed or tested must participate in the
Occupational Health Program for Animal Workers, which
includes proof of rubeola immunity and annual TB testing.
Monkey scientific name:
Cercopithecidae
Monkeys Temporal range:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins); Cebidae
(New World monkeys); Aotidae (night monkeys); Pitheciidae
(titi and saki monkeys); Atelidae (howler and spider monkeys)
Species: primate
 The value of a chicken in environment
III. CHICKEN Backyard chickens provide a better alternative to the
excessive environmental impact of factory farming.
Compared to a factory farm, backyard hens produce a
fraction of the manure in a much smaller footprint. You can
handle their waste properly, returning it to the environment
The human impact on chickens in an eco-conscious manner
* The modern chicken only exists in its current form due to Chicken scientific name:
human intervention. We have altered their genes to mutate Gallus gallus domesticus
the receptor which regulates their metabolism, which means
Kingdom: Animalia
that the birds are always hungry and so will eat and grow
Phylum: Chordata
more rapidly. Not only that, their entire life cycle is
Class: Aves
controlled by human technology.
Order: Galliformes
The environmental impacts of chicken Family: The chicken belongs to the kingdom Animalia,
* Chicken manure is especially degrading to waterways because it the phylum Chordata, the class Aves, the order Galliformes,
contains 2 to 4 times more nutrients (particularly nitrogen and the family Phasianidae and the genus Gallus. The common
chicken that is widespread around the world belongs to that
phosphorous) than the manure of other types of livestock;8 while this
genus.
can make chicken manure a useful fertilizer, it can also have
disastrous effects on water and soil quality.
Species: birds
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IV. SNAKES
The importance of snake in human life
* Snakes serve critical role as predators, as preys, as ecosystem
engineers, and provide economic and therapeutic benefits to humans
(Figure 1). Snakes are also a source of many medicines. The only
proven and effective therapy for snakebite - the snake-anti venom, is
also derived from snake venoms.
How do snakes affect the environment?
* Ecologically, they are both predator and prey. Snakes are a food
source for birds, mammals and other reptiles. Conversely, they feed
on birds, mammals, amphibians, fish and insects. Many species of
small pests, such as rodents and slugs, are eaten by snakes.
7 8
Kind of environment do snakes like
Snakes live in a wide variety of habitats including forests,
swamps, grasslands, deserts and in both fresh and salt water.
Some are active at night, others during the day. Snakes are
predators and eat a wide variety of animals, including
rodents, insects, birds' eggs and young birds.
Snake scientific name:
Serpentes
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Family: Snakes are classified in the phylum Chordata,
subphylum Vertebrata, class Reptilia, order Squamata,
suborder Serpentes. There are 14 families, but Colubridae,
Elapidae, Hydrophidae, Viperidae, Crotalinae, and
Viperinae are the families and subfamilies of poisonous
snakes
Species: reptiles

V. SPIDER
The importance of spiders in human life:
Spiders are beneficial predators and serve a significant role in keeping
populations of many insect pests in check. Spiders are oftentimes the
most important biological control of pests in and around homes, yards,
gardens and crops.
The role of spiders in the environment
Image result for human activity and the environment of
spider.
Spiders are beneficial predators and serve a significant role
in keeping populations of many insect pests in check.
Spiders are oftentimes the most important biological control
of pests in and around homes, yards, gardens and crops.
Spiders use various tactics to capture prey.
9 10
Spiders affected by humans
In farming and pasture ecosystems all over world, fires,
sheep-grazing and conventional crops have a harmful effect
on arachnid fauna because they cause extreme changes to
the vegetation structure. Spider abundance is affected in
woodland by habitat fragmentation.
Spider scientific name: Araneae
Spiders temporal range: Kingdom: Animal
Phylum: Arthropod
Class: Arachnida
Family: Spiders (Aranea) belong to the class Arachnida
which includes the scorpions, ticks, and mites, and are part
of the Arthropod phylum. Spiders can basically be defined
as air-breathing Arthropods with two body parts, the
cephalothorax and the abdomen.
 Chicken's life cycle
VI. Importance of Egg: The egg is formed in the reproductive tract of a
animals
female chicken, called a hen.

Embryo: the life is starting to develop creating life, hen's

Monkey life cycle
Monkeys have three stages in their life cycle: gestation,
infanthood, and adulthood.
Gestation: the process or period of developing inside the
womb between conception and birth. Monkeys are pregnant
for a span of 4-6 months.
egg takes 21 days of favourable incubation conditions for
the chicken to develop and hatch.
Hatchling: is when they have newly hatched out of their
eggs in the nest and have not developed feathers yet.
Chicks: Baby chickens are called chicks, they start to
develop feather and grow into adult chickens.
Adult chicken: the chickens are now at the peak stage of
life, they can now reproduce and produce life.

Infanthood: a living being in the first period of life. :

who is not yet of full age.

Adulthood: the state or condition of being fully grown

or mature. It is the monkeys peak state/stage of life.
11

12
Snake life cycle
Spider life cycle
The egg: the female snake lays large but soft
leather-like, white colored eggs. The female snake is
Eggs: develops inside a sac like structure, usually
capable of producing and laying 10 to 15 fertilized soft and can be broken easily.
eggs.
Egg sac: protects the egg till they hatch and are
Snakelet: Once the embryo inside the egg develops, it
ready to be spiderlings.
hatches young snakes known as snakelets.

Spiderlings: they Undergo several molts untel they

reach adulthood
Adultsnake: When a snakelet enters the adult stage, it
Adult: they are now able to produce their own eggs
becomes mature sexually within a span of 2 to 3 years. and create life.
13 14
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Structure of animals
- process and functions of mitosis in animals…..1
II. monkeys
- brief explanation ……………………………..3
-effect on the environment…………………….3
V. Spiders
-human effect on spiders…………………………………9
-role of spiders in the environment………………………9
-brief explanation……………………………………….10
VI. Importance of animals
- life of cycle of animals monkeys……………….……..11

-effect of humans to monkeys………………….4 - life of cycle of animals chicken………………….……12

- life of cycle of animals snake……………….,,……….13
III. Chicken
- life of cycle of animals spiders……………………….14
-brief explanation……………………………..5
-impact of humans to chickens………………..5
- value and environmental impact…………….6
IV. Snakes
- importance to human life……………………7
-effect to the environment…………………….7
- brief explanation…………………………….8
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