MOLE CONCEPT &

AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
S TO I C H I O M E T R Y
 PRE TEST
1.Which is the correct formula unit
for sodium chloride?
A. NaCl
B. Na2Cl
C. Na3Cl2
D. Na2Cl5
2. Which of these represents the
number of units in one mole of any
substance?
A. 3.01 x 10^23
B. 6.02 x 10^23
C. 3.01 x 10^24
D. . 6.02 x 10^24
3. Which represents a mole?
A. 6 g of NaCl
B. 6.02 x 10^23 F atoms
C. 3.01 x 10^23 CH4 molecules
D. 25 g graphite, C-atom
4. What is the mass of 4.39 mol
Na?
A. 191 g
B. 252 g
C. 120 g
D. 101 g
5. How many moles are
contained in 34g of NH3?
A. 1 mol
B. 2 mol
C. 17 mol
D. 34 mol
Complete the needed information in the third
column.
Items Counting units Number of pieces

Pair 2
Complete the needed information in the third
column.
Items Counting units Number of pieces
Complete the needed information in the third
column.
Items Counting units Number of pieces
Complete the needed information in the third
column.
Items Counting units Number of pieces
Complete the needed information in the third
column.
Items Counting units Number of pieces

Mole
MOLE
CONCEPT
We commonly use different
counting units.
• dozen -12
• pair – 2
• ream - 500
MOLE
CONCEPT
• The atomic counting is known
as the mole.
• The number of atoms
represented by the atomic
weight of an element is
expressed in grams is the unit
known as mole (mol).
AVOGADRO’S
NUMBER
6.022 x 10 23

1 mol = 6.022 x 1023

Amedeo Avogadro suggested that it is
possible to count atoms.
One mole of a certain element implies two
things:

1. The atomic mass expressed in grams is different for

each element. This mass is known as the molar mass
of the element.

molar mass = atomic weight in g/mol

One mole of a certain element implies two
things:

2. Avogadro's number of atoms is the same for all

elements.

1 mol of C = 12.01 g = 6.022 x 10 23 atoms

1 mol of Hg = 200.6 g = 6.022 x 10 23 atoms
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
Based from Exploring Life Through Science: Chemistry

MOLES TO MASS
What is the mass of 5.00 mol of carbon?
mol x g
mol
Solution:

5.00 mol C x 12.01 g = 60.05 g

mol C
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
Based from Exploring Life Through Science: Chemistry

MOLES TO MASS
What is the mass of 1.40 mol of Calcium?
mol x g
mol
Solution:

1.40 mol C x 40.08 g Ca = 56.11 g

mol C
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
Based from Exploring Life Through Science: Chemistry

MASS TO MOLES
How many moles are present in 25.6 g of carbon?
mass x mol
g
Solution:

25.6 grams x 1 mol C = 2.13 mol

12.01 C
grams
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
Based from Exploring Life Through Science: Chemistry

MASS TO MOLES
How many moles are present in 62.6 g of Calcium?
mass x mol
g
Solution:

62.6 grams x 1 mol Ca = 1.56 mol Ca

40.08
grams
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
Based from Exploring Life Through Science: Chemistry

NUMBER OF PARTICLES TO
MASS
What is the mass of 1.806 x 1024 atoms of carbon?
number x mol x g
23
6.022 x 10 atoms mol
Solution:

1.806 x 10 24 atoms C x 1 mol C x 12.01 g = 36.01 g C

23
6.022 x 10 atoms C mol C
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
Based from Exploring Life Through Science: Chemistry

MASS TO NUMBER OF
PARTICLES
How many individual atoms are present in 75.3 g of
C? Solution:
You know that 1 moles are present is 6.022 x 10 23 atoms
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝟔.𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 23
x x
𝑔 𝑔
mass mol number of atoms

75.3 g Ca x mol Ca x 6.022 x 10 23 = 1.13 x 10 24 atoms Ca

40.08 Ca atoms
mol Ca
EXAMPLE
1. What is the mass of 4.33 mol of Ca?

2. How many moles are present in 32.3 grams of Ca?

3. How many individual atoms are present in 85.7 g of Ca?

MOLAR MASS
S TO I C H I O M E T R Y
MOLECULAR
MASS
The sum of the average
atomic masses of the atoms
in a molecule.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
MOLAR MASS

DETERMINE THE MOLECULAR MASS

OF THE FOLLOWING:

CO2 CH4
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
MOLAR MASS

DETERMINE THE MOLECULAR MASS

OF THE FOLLOWING:
C6H O6
12
REMINDER
• The appropriate unit for molar mass is g/mol.
• The molar mass in grams is numerically equal to the atomic
mass unit in amu.

EXAMPLE:
The atomic mass of Br is 79.90 amu. What is its molar mass?

The formula mass of NaCl is 58.44 amu. What is the molar mass
of NaCl?
 PERCENT COMPOSITION
AND CHEMICAL FORMULA
S TO I C H I O M E T R Y
• The compound is made up of two elements: carbon and oxygen.
• One (1) molecule of CO2 is made up of one (1) atom of carbon and
two (2) atoms of oxygen.
• One (1) mole of CO2 will have one (1) mole of carbon and two (2)
mole of oxygen.
• The ratio of the moles of C to the moles of O in CO2 is 1:2
STEP 1 – GET THE MOLAR MASS
Mass of C = 12. 01 g/mol x 1 mol = 12 .01 g
Mass of O= 15.99 g/mol x 2 mol = 31.98 g
Mass of CO2 = 43. 99 g

STEP 2 – GET THE PERCENT COMPOSITION BY

MASS % mass of C = 12.01 g = 0.273 x 100 % = 27.3%
43.99 g
% mass of O = 31.98 g = 0.727 x 100 % = 72.7%
43.99 g

CO2 is 72.7 % of O and 27.3 % of C.

 SAMPLE PROBLEMPERCENT
COMPOSITION

What is the percentage composition of

ammonia (NH3)?
Mass of N = 14. 00 g/mol x 1 mol = 14.0 g
Mass of H= 1.01 g/mol x 3 mol = 3.03 g
Mass of NH3 = 17.03 g

% mass of N = 14.0 g= 0.822 x 100 % = 82.2%

17.03 g
% mass of H = 3.03 g= 0.178 x 100 % = 17.8%
17.03 g
 EMPIRICAL AND
MOLECULAR FORMULA
S TO I C H I O M E T R Y
 SAMPLE PROBLEM CHEMICAL FORMULA

A certain substance has a molecular weight of 86. 2

with an empirical formula of C3H7. Find the molecular
formula of the compound.

STEP 1 - Calculate the formula weight of C3H7.

Mass of C = 12. 01 g/mol x 3 mol = 36.03 g
Mass of H= 1.008 g/mol x 7 mol = 7.056 g
43.09 g/amu
 SAMPLE PROBLEM CHEMICAL FORMULA

A certain substance has a molecular weight of 86. 2

with an empirical formula of C3H7. Find the molecular
formula of the compound.
STEP 2 - Calculate the ratio between mol. and empirical weight.

molecular weight = 86 .2 = 2
empirical weight 43.09
The molecular formula then must be twice the empirical formula. Hence, multiply the
calculated ratio with the empirical formula of the compound.

ANSWER: C6H14
 SAMPLE PROBLEM CHEMICAL FORMULA

What is the empirical formula of ascorbic acid (vitamin

C) which is 40.91 % C, 4.57 % H, and 54.50% O?
STEP 1
Convert the percent composition to an actual mass.
STEP 2
Convert mass to moles of each element by dividing it by the atomic weight of the
element.
STEP 3
Find the whole number ratios of the different elements by dividing all the moles of
the elements present by the smallest number of moles.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMCHEMICAL FORMULA

What is the empirical formula of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) which is 40.91

% C, 4.57 % H, and 54.50% O?
SOLUTION
40. 91 g 3.41 mol = 1 x 3 =3
C = 12.01 g/ mol =
3.41
4.57 g 4.57 mol = 1.34 x 3 = 4
H = 1.01 g/ mol =
3.41
54.50 g 3.41 mol = 1
O = 16.00 g/ mol x =3
= 3.41
3
EF = C3H4O3