Mid-term test

Full name: Nguyễn Quốc Chinh Class: 220131

Date of test: September 12, 2023

PART I: READING (50 marks)

I. Circle the letter A, B, C or D next to the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
(20 marks)

1. People in offices may use ………… and cooperation in similar ways to primates in the jungle.

A. behavior B. conflict C. communication D. distraction

2. Employees with ………… career goals, for example, often rely on powerful people in their office
to help them get better jobs

A. aggressive B. motivated C. favorite D. ambitious

3. Young people may speak softly or avoid eye contact when they talk to people with higher
………….

A. status B. level C. salary D. skill

4. Both humans and other primates sometimes use conflict in order to ………… status.

A. finish B. struggle C. gain D. find

5. One way to ………… children is to send them to their rooms alone

A. discipline B. help C. leave D. feed

6. Researchers have ………… that children generally sleep better when parents establish a regular
bedtime routine.

A. forgotten B. decided C. surveyed D. observed

7. One negative ………… of city living is traffic congestion—cities tend to have a higher
concentration of cars on the roads, especially during peak hours
A. condition B. aspect C. chance D. alternative

8. Major cities such as Tokyo continue to ………… as their populations grow.

A. be strong B. change C. spread out D. be polluted
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9. Many people viewed cities largely in negative ………… —crowded, dirty, unhealthy places full
of disease and crime.
A. attitudes B. sides C. knowledge D. terms

10. This closeness of the cities reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas, and
allowing people to be more ………… .

A. productive B. generous C. communicative D. interested

11. According to Brand, living in the cities has a smaller ………… on the environment than
living in suburbs and rural areas.

A. impact B. interference C. benefit D. chance

12. Despite success stories such as Seoul, urban ………… around the world continue to struggle
with the problem of how to manage the urbanization.

A. citizens B. dwellers C. planners D. leaders

13. Seoul experienced many problems as a result of its ………… population growth between 1960 and
2000.

A. new B. proper C. rapid D. selected

14. by utilizing new farming technologies—such as hydroponic farming—we can use fewer
………… to produce the food we need.

A. energy B. times C. power D. resources

15. Tourism ………… also help cities build and maintain roads, parks, and other amenities, which
benefit both visitors and locals.

A. dollars B. companies C. activities D. expenses

16. The Destination Stewardship Center’s mission is to protect and ………… the world’s
distinctive places through wisely managed tourism.

A. decide B. maintain C. normalize D. expand

17. This helps local people …………; it is also necessary in order to protect the area for future
travelers.

A. pay expenses B. save time C. earn a living D. live happily

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18. Aquarium in California was built in a restored cannery8 building on historic Cannery Row
which is a good example of ………… a historical building rather than destroying it.

A. building B. deserting C. leaving D. preserving

19. A key ………… of geotourism is to make sure places are environmentally friendly.

A. objective B. factor C. institute D. organization

20. As public ………… grows of the negative effects of mass tourism, more travel companies are
providing options that enhance rather than harm local cultures and environments.

A. decision B. awareness C. aggression D. personal

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II. Read the following passages then choose the correct heading for each following
paragraph. There’s one redundant. (10 marks)

1. People often think that the animal world is full of conflict. However, conflict and aggression
actually play a smaller role in the wild than cooperation. In fact, according to Conniff, both
humans and other primates are social creatures, and both groups normally try to avoid conflict.
Chimpanzees, for example, typically spend their days caring for their young and traveling together
in small groups. Conniff points out that chimps spend about 5 percent of the day being aggressive,

but 15 to 20 percent of the day grooming each other. For humans and other primates, conflict is
rare and does not last long. For both species, cooperation is a more effective way to succeed and
survive.
2. Groups of coworkers and primate groups have similar social rules. In both cases, the groups
organize themselves into hierarchies, and individual members know their roles. Individuals in
both human and ape groups have a particular position in relation to other group members. This
decides their behavior in the group. For example, young people may speak softly or avoid eye
contact when they talk to people with higher status. Similarly, Conniff explains that when
chimpanzees approach a powerful or senior member, they try to make themselves look as small as
they can.

3. One of the biggest dangers facing african elephants is hunting by poachers—people who illegally
catch or kill animals for profit. Poachers kill elephants so they can remove and sell their valuable
ivory tusks. ivory is usually made into jewelry and art objects. although the ivory trade is banned

in most countries, ivory is often smuggled in and sold illegally. Between 2010 and 2012,
poachers killed over 100,000 african elephants. In central Africa, the elephant population has
decreased by 64 percent in a decade. Poachers have shortened these animals’ life spans and
disrupted their close communities.

4. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, large urban areas began to grow and spread. Many people
viewed cities largely in negative terms—crowded, dirty, unhealthy places full of disease and
crime. People feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would get worse. Recent decades,

however, have seen a widespread change in attitudes toward urbanization. 1 Many experts believe
that urbanization is good news. Although negative aspects such as pollution and urban slums

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 remain serious problems, many urban planners now believe big cities might help solve the
problem of Earth’s growing population.

5. How big an impact do “food miles” have on the environment? in some parts of the
world, food—such as grains, fruit, and vegetables—travels over 2,400 kilometers to get to
consumers. in 2016, the United Kingdom imported about half of its food from other countries.
This food is flown or shipped into the country and then transported to towns and cities in trucks.
Food transportation trucks produce a quarter of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions—a
major cause of global warming. And with an expanding population, these issues are only likely to
increase. if producers and consumers are serious about slowing global warming, growing—and
buying—more food locally could reduce “food miles.”

A. Answer the following questions basing on the reading above passages (10
marks).

1. According to Conniff, both humans and other primates are social creatures, what
are evidence for his opinion?
Conniff's argument is clear: both humans and other primates, like chimpanzees, are
social creatures. This is evident in chimpanzees' behaviors such as caring for their
young, spending significant time grooming each other (15-20% of the day), and
having limited aggression (5% of the day). These observations emphasize the
importance of cooperation and social bonds in both humans and primates.
2. Why chimpanzees approach a powerful or senior member, they try to make
themselves look as small as they can?
Chimpanzees approach powerful or senior members while trying to make themselves
look as small as possible as a sign of submission and respect.
3. What are the main reasons for the decrease of elephants in Africa?
The main reasons for the decrease of elephants in Africa are poaching for ivory, illegal
ivory trade, and the disruption of elephant communities.
4. Generally, people view cities in negative sides, what are they?

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 People in the 19th and early 20th centuries viewed cities negatively due to
overcrowding, dirtiness, unhealthiness, high crime rates, and the fear of declining
living conditions.

5. How do “food miles” affect the environment?

Transporting food across long distances causes greenhouse gas emissions, which are a
big contributor to global warming.

B. From paragraph 2 complete the following requirements. Write down your answer!
(20 marks)

1. Topic sentence: Groups of coworkers and primate groups have similar social rules.

2. Supporting idea 1: Both groups organize themselves into hierarchies, and individual
members know their roles.

3. Supporting idea 2: Individuals in both human and ape groups have a particular
position in relation to other group members.
4. Supporting idea 3: This decides their behavior in the group.
5. Example: For example, young people may speak softly or avoid eye contact when
they talk to people with higher status. Similarly, Conniff explains that when
chimpanzees approach a powerful or senior member, they try to make themselves look
as small as they can.

PART II: WRITING (50 marks)

Choosing ONE among three following graphs for a full writing task. Write at least 170 words for the
graph you choose.

1. The line graph below shows the percentage of students in Vietnam involved in part-time jobs in
2016-2020..
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and making
comparisons where relevant (if necessary).

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 percentage of students working as part-time job

60

50 50
45 45
40
35 35
30 30 30
25
20 20 20
18
15 15
12
10
5
0 0
First year students second year students third year students Last yeay students

café' retaurants shops others

2. The bar chart below shows the number of employees from the European Union in the
United States in 2019.
Write a report for your lecturer describing the information shown below.

European employees in the US

30000
28500
25000 26000
25100
20000
20000
15000
15000
10000 12000

5000
4900 5600 5700
3500
0
The French The Italians The Germans The British Other Countries

men women

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3. The line graph below shows the number of shops that closed and the number of shop that
opened in one country between 2011-2018.
Summarize information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Chart Title
openings closures

8500

7150
6400 6600
5900 6100

5000 5100 5000 5150

3950 4000 4000 4100

3000

600

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

The line graph illustrates shop openings and closures in a specific country from 2011
to 2018. Provide a comprehensive overview of the changes in the retail landscape during this
eight-year period.
In general, the number of shop openings fluctuated over the years, with a general
decreasing trend. Shop closures also fluctuated but showed a less pronounced decline
compared to openings.
Over the course of several years, we can observe significant fluctuations in shop
openings and closures. In 2011, there was a substantial net loss of shops with 8,500 closures
and 6,400 openings. In contrast, 2014 showed a positive trend, with 6,600 openings and
6,100 closures, resulting in a net gain of 500 shops. However, 2015 saw a sharp decline,
recording only 600 openings and 4,000 closures, leading to a considerable net loss of 3,400
shops. The situation improved noticeably in 2016, with 5,100 openings and 4,000 closures,
indicating a net gain of 1,100 shops. The most significant improvement occurred in 2018,

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with 5,150 openings and 3,000 closures, resulting in a net gain of 2,150 shops. These
comparisons highlight the dynamic nature of shop openings and closures during this period,
with 2018 exhibiting a considerable improvement over 2015 and 2011.
In overview, the data shows a consistent trend of more shops closing than opening
each year. While there were fluctuations in both openings and closures, the gap between them
narrowed over the years, potentially indicating some stabilization in the retail market by
2018.

THE END

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