3 Electrochemistry

NCERT Topicwise Analysis of Previous Years'

NEET| JEE Main Questions
NCERT TOple No, of Questlons
2020 2021 2022 3Years' Weightage
NEET JEE NEET JEE NEET JEE
(16 Sets) (26 Sets) (22 Sets)
3.1 ElectrOchemical Cells 2020 2022 2020

3.2 Galvanic Cells

2022.
29% 27%
3.3 Nernst Equation 3 5
43% 37%
3.4 Conductance of
8 28% 36%
Electrolytic Solutions
3.5 Electrolytic Cells and
2 3 3 3
Electrolysis 2021 2021
3.6 Batteries
NEET JEE Main

NCERT OWoles
3.0 Introduction
Electrochemistry is the study of production of electricityfrom energy released during spontaneous chemical
reactions and the use of electrical energy tobring about non-spontaneous chemical transformations.
B.1 ElectrochemicalCells
The device which converts the chemical energy liberated during the chemical reaction to electrical energy is
called electrochemical cell. They are also called galvanicor voltaic cell e.g, Daniell cell.
Thecell which converts chemicalenergy liberated during the redox reaction to electrical energy iscalled Daniell
cell. It has potential of 1.1 volt when concentration of Zn and Cu ions is unity (1 mol dm). Such a device
iscalled a galvanic or a voltaic cell.
HD Zn +Cuag) ’ Zna) +Cu)
Electron flow

Current
Anode (-) flow +) Cathode
Zinc -Copper
Salt bridge

Solution containing Solution containing

salt of zinc salt of copper
HD Daniell cell having electrodes of zinc and copper
dipped in the solutions of their respective salts
Electrolytic cell: It is adevice which converts electrical energy intochemical energy.
 49
(hemistry| Electrochemistry
find that the
potential is applied in the galvanic cell (Fig. (a)] and increased slowly, we
-tsn external opposite 1.1 V [Fig. (b)] when the reaction
place till the opposing voltage reaches the value
ion continues to take potential again starts
Any further increase in the external
ealtogether and no current flows through the cell. functions as an electrolytic cell.
reaction but in the opposite direction (Fig. (c)). It now Eext > l.IV
the Eext = 1.IV
Eext < 1.1V (c)
(b)
(a
Cathodc Cathode Current Anode
Anode
CurrentCathode Anode I=0
+ve

Salt -Cu Zn Cu Zn
Zn +Ve
-Ve bridge

ZnSO4 CuSO,
ZnSO4 CuSO, ZnSO, CuSO,
When E,>l.1 V
When Eu = l.l V Zn and
When Eest<l.lV
Cu rod (i) Electrons flow from Cu to
) Electrons flow from Zn rod to (i) Noflow of electrons or current flows from Zn to Cu.
hence, current flows from Cuto Zn. current.
(ii) Zinc is deposited at the zinc
ii) Zn dissolves at anode and copper (ii) No chemical reaction. electrode and copper dissolves at
deposits at cathode. copper electrode.

Functioning of Daniell cellwhen external voltage Eext Opposing the cell potential is applied
Differences between electrochemical cell and electrolytic cell
S. No. Electrochemical cell (Galvanic or Voltaic cell) Electrolytic cell
1 It is a device which converts chemical energy It is a device which converts electrical energy into
intoelectrical energy. chemical energy.
It is based upon the redox reaction which is The redox reaction is non-spontaneous and takes
spontaneous. i.e., AG = -ve place only when electrical energy is supplied. i.e.,
AG= +ve

3
Two electrodes are usually set up in two separate Both the electrodes are suspended in the solution or
beakers. molten electrolyte in the same beaker.
4 The electrolytes taken in the two beakers are Only one electrolyte is taken.
different.
5. The electrodes taken are of different materials. The electrodes taken may be of the same or different
materials.
6. The electrode on which oxidation takes place is The electrode which is connected to the -ve terminal
called the anode (or -ve pole) and the electrode of the battery is called the cathode; the cations migrate
on which reduction takes place is called the toit which gain electrons and hence, areduction takes
cathode (or +ve pole). place,the other electrode is called the anode.
7 To set up this cell, a salt bridge/porous pot is used. No salt bridge is used in this case.

32 Galvanic Cells
Inthis device, the Gibbs energy of the spontaneous redox reaction is converted into electrical work which may
be used for running a motor or other electrical gadgets like heater, fan, geyser, etc.
Aelectrochemical cell consists of two compartments known as half cells. A half cell consists ofa metallic rod
e, electrode dipped into solution of its salt called electrolyte.
NO half cells are connected by ametallic wire through a voltameter and a key, and electrolyte of the two half
are
t connected internally through a salt bridge. Salt bridge completes the electrical circuit and maintains
electricalIneutrality of electrolytes.
WiIhe half cell of agalvanic cell in which oxidation takes place is called anode. It has a negative potential
eSpect to solution. Hence, denoted by (-) ve sign. It is written in the left side in the cell representation.
 50 tG Objective NCERT at
your
Cathode: The half cell of galvanic cell in which reduction takes place is called cathode. It has a positive Fingerips
repesentpotaieontn,ial
with respect to the solution. Hence, denoted by (+) ve sign. It is written in the right side in the cell
Electrode potential is the potential difference set up bctween metal and its ions in the solution or it is
tendency of an electrode to get oxidisedor reduced. the lec

When the concentrations of allthe species involved in a halfcellis unity then the lectrode potential ix k.
as standard electrode potential.
Oxidation potential : he tendency to get oxidised (ie, lose clectrons).
Reduction potential : The tendency to get reduced (i.e., gain clectrons).
According to IUPAC convention,standard reduction potentials are called standard electrode potentials,
Cell potential : The potential difference between the two clectrodes of agalvanic cell is called cell potentual
It is difterence in electrode potentials of cathode and anode.
AE = Ecathode - Eanode
Electromotive force : The cell potential when no current is drawn through the cell is called electromotive love.
(emf) of the cell.
Ecell = Eright - Ejeft
For a cell reaction to be spontaneous, Eçel Must be positive.
Thisis illustrated by the following exanmple :
Cell reaction : Cu() + 2Agtaa) >Cuag) + 2Ago) .. (i)
Catho de (reduction half reaction) : 2Agtaa) t 2e> 2Ag) .. (ii)
Anode (oxidation half reaction) : Cu() >Cuag) + 2e .. (iii)
It can be seen that the sum of (ii) and (iii) leads to overall reaction (i) in the cell and that silver electrode acts
as a cathode and copper electrode acts as an anode. The cell can be represented as :
Cu | Cuap | Agiag) | Ago
and we have Ecell= Eright -Elef = Ecathode - Eanode = EAg']Ag - Ecu'*Cu . .(iv)
Salt bridge provides cations and anions of almost same ionic conductance and removes the
liquid
+ junction potential which arises because of the difference in the rates of diffusion of cations and
anions from more concentrated solution to less concentrated solution.

Measurement of Electrode Potential

The absolute potential of a half cellcannot be determined. Only the difference
between the two half cell potentials
can be measured.
Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) : It is used as reference electrode whose electrode potential is taken as
0.00 Vat 298 K. In SHE hydrogen gas is bubbled through 1 MH ions solution at l atm and
298 K. It consists
of inert Pt electrode coated with platinum black.

For the cell, Htaa) te’Hz(g);E°=0.00

2
V B-Hp) at lbar
The half cell is represented as
Pt, | Hzg) (1 bar) | Haa)(1 M)
The half cell whose potential is to be measured is made cathode. Standard
hydrogen electrode is made anode and a galvanic cell is constructed.
L00 M Finely divided platinum
Egel = E' - E, (:: E, for standard hydrogen electrode is zero.) coated on platinum foil
Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)
Egel = ER
The electrode at which reduction occurs with respect to SHE has positive reduction potential while the
at which oxidation occurs with respect to SHE has negative reduction
electrode
potential.
e.g., (i) For the cell: Pto|Hz(g) (1 bar)]Hag) (1 M) || Cufaa) (1l M) | Cuo)
Ecell = 0.34 V :. ER= 0.34 V
Standard electrode potential of Cu'/Cu is positive which indicates that Cu'" is reduced more easily than H"
ion. i.e., hydrogen can reduce copper ions.
 MCOs Extracted from NCERT
ssessmentiscomplementary part of the learning process. It gives you atotal insight whether the learning outcomes
Ave been achieved or not. After going through the corresponding NCERT Textbook chapter, attempt these questions
likeenvironment. Give yourself four marks for correct answer answer. Atable
and deduct one mark for wrong |
nexam
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is

B Electrochemical Cells
current
cell, Cu
L. Ina Danicll Zn
(cathode) (anode)
(a) the chemical energy liberated during the Salt
redox reaction is converted to electrical bridge
encrgy
(h) theclectrical energy of the cell is converted to -CuSO,
chemical energy ZnSO,
(c) the energy of the cell is utilised in conduction Ep, >1.1V
of the redox reaction
()
(d) the potential energy of the cell is converted into
electrical energy. (a) In fig. (X), electrons flow from Zn rod to Cu rod
hence current flows from Cu to Zn (Et< 1.1 V).
Which of the following statements is correct about
(b) In fig. (Y), electrons flow from Cu to Zn and
Daniell cell?
the given Electron current fiows fromn Zn to Cu (Eext > 1.1 V).
flow

Current
(c) In fig. (X), Zn dissolves at anode and Cu deposits
at cathode.
Zinc Salt bridge Copper (d) In fig. (), Zn is deposited at Cu and Cu is
deposited at Zn.
3.2 Galvanic Cells
4. Agalvanic cell has electrical potential of 1.1 V. If an
Solution containing Solution containing opposing potential of 1.1 V is applied to this cell,
salt of zinc salt of copper what will happen to the cell reaction and current
(a) This cell converts the electrical energy flowing through the cell?
liberated during the redox reaction to chemical (a) The reaction stops and no current flows through
the cell.
energy. (b) The reaction continuous but current flows in
(b) This cell has an electrical potential greater than
1.1Vwhen concentration of Zn and Cu ions opposite direction.
is unity (1l mol dm). (c) The concentration of reactants becomes unity
(C) In this cell, copper is acting as cathode and zinc and current flows from cathode toanode.
is acting as anode. (d) The cell does not function as a galvanic cell and
(a) Redox reaction occurring in this cell is zinc is deposited on zinc plate.
Cug) +Znta)’ Cuaa) +Zng) 5. Following reactions are taking place in aGalvanic cell,
3. Given here are two figures of Daniell cell (X) and (Y). Zn ’ Zn*+ 2e; Ag* + e Ag
Study the figures and mark the incorrect statement Which of the given representations is the correct
from the following. method of depicting the cell?
current (a) Zn |Znia) || Agtag) |Ago)
Zn
(anode) Salt
.Cu
(cathode) (b) Zn' |Zn|| Ag|Ag*
bridge (c) Zn,an) |Znj|| AgiolAgiug)
(d) Zng|Agtaa) | | Zna) | Age)
6 Which of the following is the correct cell
ZnSO4 -CuSO4
representation for the given cell reaction?
Eext <l.l V
(X)
Zn +H,S04’ ZnsO, + H,
 58 WtG Objective NCERT at
your
(a) Zn|Zn||H|H,
(b) Zn | Zn|| H, H,|Pt
15. Astandard hydrogen electrode has a
because
Fingertips
zero potential
(c) Zn ZnSO,|| H,SO, Zn (a) hydrogen can be most easily oxidised
(d) Zn | H,SO, || ZnSO, | H, (b) hydrogen has only one electron
7 The cell reaction of the galvanic cell: (c) the electrode potential is assumed to beho
Cu |Cutap) || Hgag) | Hgo is (d) hydrogen is the lightest element.
(a) Hg +Cu’ Hg' + Cu 16. Observe the given diagram and fillin
(b) Hg +Cu'*’ Cut + Hgt choosing the correct option. the blanks by
(c) Cu + Hg’ CuHg
(d) Cu + Hg+ Cu'*+ Hg
8. Which of the following reactions is possible at anode?
(a) 2Crt + 7H,O’ Cr,O% + 14H
(b) F, 2F
(c) 1/20, + 2H* ’ H,0
(d) None of these
9. In the cell, Zn |Zn'||Cu|Cu, the negative terminal is (a) H2(e) at l atm 10MH+ Finely divided Pt
(a) Cu (b) Cu2+ (c) Zn (d) Zn2+ (b) H2(c) at l bar 1.00 MH+ Finely divided Pt
10. For the galvanic cell, Cu | Cu|| Ag|Ag. Which (c) 1.00 MH+ H2() at 1 bar Finely divided Ni
of the following observations is not correct? (d) H(o) at 1 bar 1.00MH Pt granules
(a) Cu acts as anode and Ag acts as cathode. 17, A cell is set up as shown in the figure. It is observed
(b) Ag electrode loses mass and Cu electrode gains that EMF of the cell comes out to be 2.36 V. Which
mass. of the given statements is not correct about the cell?
(c) Reaction at anode, Cu ’ Cu'* + 2e.
(d) Copper is more reactive than silver.
Mg rod
U. Which of the following is the cell reaction that occurs Salt bridge <-H, gas at
1bar
when the following half-cellsare combined?
I, + 2e’ 21 (1M); E= +0.54 V Pt foil
Br, + 2e’2Br (1 M); E°= +1.09 V - MgSO4
solution -1 MHCI
(a) 2Br +Ih’ Br, + 21
(b) I, + Br,’ 2I + 2Br (a) Reduction takes place at magnesium electrode
(c) 21 +Br’L,+ 2Br and oxidation at SHE.
(d) 21+ 2Br ’L, + Br, (b) Oxidation takes place at magnesium electrode
12. What will be standard cell potential of galvanic cell and reduction at SHE.
with the following reaction? (c) Standard electrode potential for Mg* /Mg will
be -2.36 V.
2Cr( + 3CAad) ’ 2Cr+(aq) + 3Cd (d) Electrons flow from magnesium electrode to
[Given: Ec/Cr = -0.74 V and Eca?*/C£ = -0.40 V] hydrogen electrode.
(a) 0.74 V (b) 1.14 V 18. Which of the following is the correct order in which
(c) 0.34 V (d) -0.34 V
metals displace each other from the salt solution of
13. The standard reduction potential for the half-cell their salts?
reaction, Cl, + 2e’ 2CI willbe (a) Zn, Al, Mg, Fe, Cu (b) Cu, Fe, Mg, Al, Zn
(P* + 2CI’ Pt + Cl,,Eell = -0.15 V ; (c) Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu (d) Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn
Ptt + 2e ’ Pt, E = 1.20 V) 19. Given below are the standard electrode potentials
(a) -1.35 V (b) +1.35 V of few half-cells. The correct order of these metals
(c) -1.05 V (d) +1.05 V in increasing reducing power will be
14. In a cell reaction, Cuç) + 2Ag(a9) ’ Cu (ag) + 2Ago K*/K= -2.93 V, Agt /Ag= 0.80 V,
Ecell= +0.46 V. If the concentration of Cu?t ions is Mg* /Mg = -2.37 V, Cr/Cr= -0.74 V.
doubled then Eel willbe (a) K< Mg < Cr<Ag (b) Ag < Cr < Mg <K
(a) doubled (c) Mg <K< Cr <Ag (d) Cr<Ag< Mg <K
(b) halved 20. Electrode potential data of few cells is given below.
(c) increased by four times Based on the data, arrange the ions in increasing
(d) unchanged. order of their reducing power.
Chemisty
/2Flectrochemistry
59
Fefa): E° = +0.77 V
Feiaa) t e ’ Al; E° = -1.66 V 3.3 Nernst Equation
13t, + 3e ’
Aliag) + 2e-’ 2Br(ag) i E°= +1.09 V 20. For a cell reaction : M"ta) + ne ’ M(s)» the
Brz(ag)
Fe< A (b) Fe < Al <Br Nernst equation for electrode potential at any
<
la) Br<Br< Fe+ (d) Al < Fe <Br COncentration measured with respect to standard
i) Al hydrogen electrode is represented as
giveshydrogen with H,SO, and HCI but not
. withHNO, because
Zn RT
(a) Et ; -In
(a) Zn
acts as oxidising agent when reacts with M)(Mt|M) nF [M"*]
HNO;
HNO,is weaker acid than H,SO, and HCI (b) E = E° RT [M"h]
(b)
(c) Zn is above the hydrogen in electrochemical MIMt)MIM"*) nF [M)
series 1
d) NO, is reduced in preference to H+ ion. (c) Em |M) (MtIM) nF [M]
Fluorine is the best oxidising agent because it has RT
.
ia) highest electron affinity (d) EitIM) = E°
(MtIM) nF
-In [M"*]
h) highest reduction potential
27. At 25 °C, Nernst equation is
i) highest oxidation potential
id) lowest electron affinity. (a) Ecel = Ecell 0.0591 log (ion]RHS.
.Nhich of the following is not an application of
electrochemical series? [ionlHS
log (MlRHS
0.0591
a) To compare the relative oxidising and reducing (b) Ecel=Ee
power of substances. [MJLHS
-log [ion]RHS
0.0591
(b) To predict evolution of hydrogen gas on
reaction of metal with acid.
(c) Ecel= Eell t
(c) To predict spontaneity of a redox reaction.
[ionlHS
(a) To calculate the amount of metal deposited on (d) Ecell =Pel 0.0591
log [ion]HS
cathode.
n
ion]gHS
28. Mark the correct Nernst equation for the given cell.
4 Évalues of three metals are listed below.
Feo |Fe(0.001 M) ||H (1 M)|H2() (1 bar) | Pt)
2+Zniag)
+2e’Zn9; E°= -0.76 V
0.591 [Fe*J[HP
Fe ag) +2e’2Fe(9; E°= -0.44 V (a) Ecel =Fçell log
2+
Sn (a9) +2e’ Sn: E° = - 0.14 V
2
[Fe][H,]
Which of the following statements are correct on 0.591 [Fel[HtP
the basis of the above information? (b) Ecel =Ecell log
() Zinc will be corroded in preference to iron if
2
[Fel[H,]
log [Fe*][H,]
Zinccoating is broken on the surface. 0.0591
(i) If iron is coated with tin and the (c) Ecel =Ecel
coating
is broken on the surface then iron will be
2
[Fel [H'?
log (Fel[H,)
corroded. 0.0591
)Zinc is more reactive than ion but tin is less
(d) Ecell =Ecell 2
reactive than iron. (Pe][H"P
(a) () and (ii) 29. The correct Nernst equation for the given cell
(c) (i), (ii) and only (b) (ii) and (iii) only Pto| Brz| Br (M) ||H (M) | H¢) (1 bar) | Pt
25. E (ii) (d) (i) and (ii) only
value of Ni?*/ Ni is -0.25 Vand. Ag* /Ag is +0.80 V.
If acell is
is the made by taking the two electrodes what (a) Eell =Ecel 0.0591 [Brzl[H,]
2 -log
(a) feasibility
of the
reaction!
Since E value for the cell will be positive,
log (HBr
0.0591
(b) redox reaction is (b) Ecell= Ecell
Since E° value forfeasible.
2
the cell will be negative, (Brzu)l[H,]
(c) Tedox [HH,)
0.0591
Ni reaction is not feasible. (c) Ecel =Foell -log (Brz][Br
not cannot
feasible.reduce Ag to. Ag hence reaction is
2
(d) Ag 0.0591
can reduce N to Ni hence reaction is
feasible. (d) Ecell =Exel 2 log [Br2)l[Br
[H"PH)
 WtG Objective NCERT at
60 your
30. Given below are few reactions with some
expressions. Mark the expression which is not
36. Eell for the reaction, 2H,0 ’
25 °C is - 0.8277 V. The H0*
equilibrium
Fingerips
+
correctly matched.
(a) For concentration cell,
the reaction is
(a) 10 -14 (b) 102 (c) 10? constant for
(d) 10:21
Ag| Ag»(CD||Ag'(C)|Ag: 37. Cellreaction is spontaneous, when
0.0591
(a) Epcd is negative (b) AG is
(d) AG° is negative
Pcel = 1 log C;
(c) Foxid is positive
(b) For the cell, 2Ag' + H,(l atm) -’ 2Ag+ 2H1
positive.
38. A.GO for the cell with thc cell reaction :
(I M): Ecel =Ecl 0.0591,log
[Agt' Zn + Ag,O +H,Ou ’Zn () +2Ago +20H;
|H" [E Ag,0/Ag= 0.344 V, Ezn2t/Zn= -0.76 V], is
(c) For an electrochemical reaction, at equilibrium (a) 2.13 x 10° J mol (b) -2.13 x 10I mol!
aA + bB cC+ dD ; (c) 1.06 x 10°J mol (d) -1.06 x 10° Jmol-!
0.0591,-log (C'D 39. The Gibbs energy for the decomposition of Al.o
at 500 °Cis as follows :
IAT'|B 2/3Al,0, - 4/3Al+ O; A,G =+966 kJ/mol.
(d) For the cell, Mad) + ne ’ MG); The potential difference needed for electrolvtic
E= E°
o.039 og |M"*] reduction of Al,O, at 500°C is at least
(a) 5.0V (b) 4.5 V
31. What will be the emf of the following concentration (c) 3.0 V (d) - 2.5 V
cell at 25°C? 40. E values for the half cellreactions are given below:
Ag |AgN0,(0.01M) || AgNO, (0.05 M) | Age) Cu' + e ’ Cu; E° = 0.15 V
(a) 0.828 V (b) 0.0413 V Cuz + 2e ’ Cu; E° = 0.34 V
(c) -0.0413 V (d) -0.828 V What will be the E° of the half-cell : Cu +e’ Cu?
32. The standard reduction potential for Cuz/Cu is (a) +0.49 V (b) +0.19 V
+0.34 V. What will be the reduction potential at (c) +0.53 V (d) +0.30 V
pH =14? [Given : K, of Cu(OH),is 1.0x 10-19) 41. AG° for the reaction, Cu+ Fe Fe + Cu is
(a) 2.2 V (b) 3.4 V
(c) -0.22 V (d) -2.2 V
(Given: EC¡2* | Cu = +0.34 V, E°F2* /Fe=-0.44 V)
(a) 11.44 kJ (b) 180.8 kj
33. What will be the reduction potential for the
(c) 150.5 kJ (d) 28.5 kJ
following half-cell reaction at 298 K?
(Given: [Ag'] =0.1 Mand Ecel =+0.80 V)
(a) 0.741 V
(c) -0.80 V
(b) 0.80 V 3.4 Conductance of Electrolytic
(d) -0.741 V Solutions
34. Mark the correct relationship from the following :
(a) Equilibrium constant is related to emf as 42. The specific conductivity of N/10 KCI solution at
nFE 20 °C is 0.0212 ohm cm' and the resistance of
log K= 2.303RT the cellcontaining this solution at 20C is 55 ohm.
Thecell constant is
(b) EMF of acell Zn | Zna ||Cua) | Cu is (a) 3.324 cm (b) 1.166 cm
E=Fo_0.591 (c) 2.372 cm (d) 3.682 cm-1
n
43. Electrical conductance through metals is called
(c) Nernst equation is metallic or electronicconductance and is due to the
0.0591 [Products)] movement of electrons. The electronic conductance
Eçell =Ecel n
log |Reactants]
depends on
(d) For the electrode M"*/M at 298 K (a) the nature and structure of the metal
0.591 (b) the number of valence electrons per atom
E- E°4 log[ M"] (c) change in
35. For the cell reaction : 2Cuta’Cu( + Cuol, the (d) all of these.temperature
standard cell potential is 0.36 V. The equilibrium 44. Fillin the blanks with appropriate words.
constant for the reaction is The electrolytic solution is always neutral because
(a) 1.2 x105 (b) 7.4 x1012 the total charge on ()_ is equal to (ii)_
(c) 2.4 x 106 (d) 5.5 x 108 on iii)_. Unlike the metallic conductor, the
Chemistry/
Electrochemistry
the
electrolyteconducts
its
electric current by virtue
(iv) The property due to Read the
61
movementof
whicha
of metal| tends to go into solution in termn of (Q. 52 andpassage given below andIanswer
53) that
a the questions
positiveions is known as(v) The follows:
).(ü),
(iii),(iv) and (v) respectively are variatiocann be
electrolyte
inn A, with concentration for a strong
(a) cations, partial charge, anions, electrons, represented by the equation,
reduction The value of A,= AA- AC2
b) cations,total charge, anions, ions, oxidation constant for a given solvent and
cations,ionic charge, anions,
temperature depends upon the type of electrolyte
atoms, dissolution i.e., cations and anions produced on dissociation of
(d) cations, partial charge, anions, molecules, electrolyte in the
electrolysis. solution.
52. NaCl, MgCl, and CaSO, are
What is the Sl unit of
conductivity? known as
(a) 1-1,2-1, and 2-2 type electrolytes
(a) Sm (b) Sm (c) Sm? (d) Sm2 (b) strong, weak and strong electrolytes respectively
Matchthe column I with column II and mark the respectively
l6. appropriate choice. (c) electrolytes with different values of A
ColumnI (d) electrolytes with same molar conductivity.
Column II
D5. Which of the following statements is correct
(A) A, (i) /A
regarding variations of molar conductivity with
(B) G (ii) pl/A concentration?
(iii) K/C (a) Molar conductivity decreases with decrease in
(C) K
(iv) GIR concentration.
(D) R (b) Variation in molar conductivity of weak and
(a) (A)’ (i),(B) ’ (ii), (C) ’ (ii), (D) ’ (iv) strong electrolytes is same.
(b) (A)’ (ii), (B) ’ (i), (C) ’ (iv), (D) ’ (i1) (c) Molar conductivity increases with decrease in
ic) (A) ’ (ii), (B) -’ (iv), (C) ’ (iii), (D) () concentration.
(d) (A) ’ (iv), (B) ’ (ii), (C) ’ (1), (D) ’ (ii) (d) When concentration of the solution approaches
47. Units of the properties measured are given below. zero, the molar conductivity is known as
Which of the properties has not been matched conductance.
correctly? 54. Two solutions ofX and Yelectrolytes are taken in two
(a) Molar conductance = S m² mol-! beakers and diluted by adding 500 mL of water. A,, of
(b) Cell constant = m! Xincreases by 1.5 times while that of Yincreases by
(c) Specific conductance = S m? 20 times, what could be the electrolytes X and Y?
(d) Equivalent conductance = Sm² eq (a) X’NaCl, Y ’KCI
8. Molar conductivity of 0.15 Msolution of KCl at (b) X’NaCl, Y ’ CH,COOH
(c) X’ KOH, Y ’ NaOH
298 K, if its conductivity is 0.0152 Scm, will be (d) X’ CH,COOH, Y ’ NaCl
(a) 124 S2 cm² mol (b) 204 Q' cm' mol-!
(c) 101 SQ cm mol-! (d) 300 Q- cm² mol 55. When water is added to an aqueous solution
of an electrolyte, what is the change in specific
9 The molar conductivity is maximum for the solution
of concentration conductivity of the electrolyte?
(a) 0.004 M (a) Conductivity decreases
(b) 0.002 M (b) Conductivity increases
(c) 0.005 M (d) 0.001 M (c) Conductivity remains same
50. The specific conductance of a saturated solution of (d) Conductivity does not depend on number of
AgCl at 25°Cis 1821 x 10-5 mho cm What is the ions.

solubility of. AgClin molar

water r (ingL), iflimiting mol-l? 56. Mark the correct choice of electrolytes represented
conductivity
(a) 1.89 x 10 of AgCl is 130.26 mho cm
(c) 2.004 x 10- gLg
(b) 2.78x 10gL
in the graph.
cm
AS
m
L (d) 1.43x 10 gL
1.
Speci
l.01 fxic10²
ohm cm²conduct
ohm ance
of 0.1 M NaCl solution is A
cm Its molar conductance in
(a) mol is
(c) 1.01 x 10 (b) 1.01 x 10
CU (mol L-}2
101 x 10 (d) 1.01
62 WitG Objective NCERT at your
(a) A’ NH,OH,B’ NaCl
(b) A’ NH,OH, B’ NH,CI
63. All substances that conduct
solutions are called electricity in Faqueous
ingertiçps
(c) A’CH,COOH, B’ CH,COONa (a) electrolytes (b) acids
(d) A ’ KCI, B -’ NH,OH (c) buffers (d) catalyst.
57. For which case A values vs vc shows a straight 64. Molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L-!
line?
(a) KCI
is 46.1 Scm' mol, the degree of
dissociation constant will be dimetssocihaanoitionc acidand
(b) HCOOH
(c) CH,NH, (d) CH,COOH (Given :H+ = 349.6 Scm' mol and
58. Limiting molar conductivity of NaBr is AHcoo- =54.6 Scm² mol-')
(a) 11.4%, 3.67 x 10- mol L-!
(a) ANaBr =ANaCl+ AKBr (b) 22.8%, 1.83 x 10 mol L-l
(b) A,NaBr =ANaCl + A,KBr - AKCI (c) 52.2%, 4.25 x 10 mol L-!
(c) ANaBr = ,NaOH + A,NaBr - ANaCI
(d) ANaBr = ANaCI - A,NaBr (d) 1.14%, 3.67 x 10mol L-!
65. A weak monobasic acid is 5% dissociated in
59. What will be the molar conductivity of AI* ions at 0.01 mol dmsolution. Limiting molar
infinite dilution if molar conductivity of Al,(SO), conductivity
of acid at infinite dilution is 4 x10 ohm mmal
is 858 Scm mol- and ionic conductance of SO is
160 S cm mol at infinite dilution? What will be the conductivity of 0.05 mol dm-}
solution of the acid?
(a) 189 S cm' moll (b) 698 S cm mol-!
(c) 1018 S cm' moll (d) 429 S cm' mo-!
(a) 8.94x 10 ohm' cm'mol-!
(b) 8.92 x 10 ohm'cm mol-1
60. Limiting molar conductivity for some ions is given (c) 4.46 x 10 ohm' cm² mol-l
below (inS cm² mol): (d) 2.23 x 10 ohm' cm² mol
Na - 50.1, CI -76.3, H* - 349.6, CH,CO0 - 40.9,
Ca?t - 119.0.
What will be the limiting molar conductivities (A,)
3.5 Electrolytic Cellsand Electrolysis
of CaCl,, CH,COONa and NaCl respectively? 66. In an electrolytic cell, the flow of electrons is
(a) from cathode to anode in the solution
(a) 97.65, 111.0 and 242.8 Scm² mol-! (b) from cathode to anode through external supply
(b) 195.3, 182.0 and 26.2 S cm' mol1 (c) from cathode to anode through internal supply
(c) 271.6, 91.0 and 126.4 S cm² mol-l (d) from anode to cathode through
(d) 119.0, 1024.5 and 9.2 S cm mol! internal supply.
67. Match the column Iwith column II and mark the
61. Match the column Iwith column II and mark the appropriate choice.
appropriate choice.
Column I Column II
Column I Column II
(A) Electrochemical Potential difference
(A) Kohlrausch's law (i) equivalent xQuantity of charge
K Mass of substance
(B) Molar conductivity (ii) Am (B) Faraday (i) deposited by one
coulomb of charge
(C) Degree of dissociation (iii) - Am (C) Ampere (iii) Charge carried by
one mole of electrons
(D) Co? One coulomb of
Dissociation constant (iv) Ku (D) Electrical energy (iv) electric charge passed
(a) (A) ’ (iii), (B) ’ (iv), (C) ’ (i), (D) ’ (i) through one second
(b) (A)’ (i), (B) ’ (ii), (C) ’ (ii), (D) ’ (iv) (a) (A) - (), (B) (ii), (C) - (iii), (D) ’ (iv)
(c) (A) ’ (iv), (B) ’ (), (C) ’ (ii), (D) ’ (iii) (b) (A) ’ (ii),(B) ’ (iii), (C) -’ (iv), (D) ’ 0)
(d) (A) (ii), (B) ’ (iii), (C) ’ (iv), (D)’ i) (c) (A) ’ (ii), (B) -’ (iv), (C) ’ (), (D) ’ (1)
(d) (A) ’ (iv), (B) ’ (), (C) ’ (ii), (D) ’ (ii1)
62. What is conductance?
(a) Inverse of resistance 68. How long would it take to deposit 50 gofAl from an
(b) Proportional of resistance electrolytic cell containing Al,O, using acurrent o
105 ampere?
(c) Equal of resistivity (a) 1.54 h
(d) Equal of resistance (b) 1.42 h
(c) 1.32h (d) 2.15 h
 Electrochemistry 63
/|
hemisty requiredfor reducing l mole of MnO;
charge (a) 2.64g (b) 1.32g
The
toMn i s (c) 3.62 g
105 c (b) 2.895 x 10 C (d) 4.22g
1.93x 80. How many moles of Pt may be deposited on the
(a) x
105 (d) 4.825 x 10° C
4.28
(c)
Howmuch electricityin sof Faraday is required
terms cathode when 0.80 Fof electricity is passed through
a 1.0M solution of Pt+?
0. produce100 g of Ca from molten CaCl,? (a) 0.1 mol (b) 0.2 mol
to (b) 2 F (c) 3F (d) 5F
la) IF (c) 0.4 mol (d) 0.6 mol
current of 1.5ampere flows through a metallic 81. An electric current is passed through silver nitrate
1, Wirefor 3 hours,then how many electrons would
Ifa
the wire? solution using silver electrodes. 15.28 g of silver
Aow through was found to be deposited on cathode. What will be
x 1022 electrons
(a)
2.25
electrons the weight of copper deposited on cathode if same
(b) l.13 x 10 amount of electricity is passed through coPper
10° electrons
(c) 1.01 x electrons sulphate solution using copper eletrodes?
(d) 4.5 x 10 (a) 4.49 g (b) 6.4 g
coulombs of electricity is required to (c) 12.8 g (d) 3.2 g
many
12. How
reduce 1 mole of Cr,0 in acidic medium? 82. If 54g of silver is deposited during an electrolysis
(a) 4 x
96500 C (b) 6x 96500 C reaction, how much aluminium will be deposited
(d) 1x 96500 C by the same amount of electric current?
(c) 2x 96500 C
(a) 2.7 g (b) 4.5g
73. An
electric charge of 5Faradays is passed through (c) 27 g (d) 5.4 g
three electrolytes AgNO, CuSO4 and FeCl, solution.
The grams of each metal liberated at cathode will be 83. Standard electrode potentials of few half-cell
(a) Ag= 10.8 g, Cu = 12.7 g, Fe = 1.llgg reactions are given below :
(b) Ag= 540 g, Cu = 367.5 g, Fe = 325 MnO, + 8H* + 5e’ Mnt + 4H,0; E° = 1.51 V
(c) Ag = 108 g, Cu = 63.5 g, Fe = 56 g Cr,0% + 14Ht + 6e>2Cr+ + 7H,O; E° = 1.33 V
(d) Ag = 540 g, Cu = 158. 8 g, Fe = 93.3 g
Fet + e’ Fet; E° = 0.77 V
4. Acurrent of 1.40 ampere is passed through Cl, + 2e’ 2Cl; E° = 1.36 V
500 mL of 0. 180 M solution of zinc sulphate for
200 seconds. What will be the molarity of Zn* ions Based on the above information match the column I
after deposition of zinc? with column IIand mark the appropriate choice.
(a) 0.154 M (b) 0.177 M Column II
(d) 0.180 M Column I
(c) 2 M
75. How much time is required to deposit 1 x 10 cm (A) 1 mol of Mn0, to Mn2+ (i) 579000 C
thick layer of silver (density is 1.05 g cm) on a 1mol of Cr,0, to 2Cr* (ii) 193000 C
surtace of area 100 cm by passing a current of 5 A (B)
through AgNO, solution? (C) 1 nolof Fe+ to Fe2+ (iii) 482500 C
(a) 125 s (b) 115 s (c) 18.7 s (d) 27.25 s
(D) 1mol of Cl, to 2CI (iv) 96500 C
76. How much metal will be deposited when a current of
12 ampere with 75% efficiency is passed through (a) (A)’ (i),(B) ’ (ii), (C) ’ (iii), (D) ’ (iv)
the cell for 3 h? (Given: Z = 4 x 10) (b) (A)’ (i), (B)’ (ii), (C) - (i), (D) (iv)
(a) 32.4 g (b) 38. 8 g (c) 36.0g (d) 22.4 g (c) (A) ’ (ii), (B) ’ (1), (C) ’ (iv), (D) ’ (ii)
7. Same amount of electric current is passed through (d) (A) ’ (iv),(B) ’ (ii), (C) -’ (ii), (D) ’ (i)
the solutions of AgNO, and HCI. If 1.08 gof silver 84. An acidic solution of Cu containing 0.4 gof Cu?+
is obtained from AgNO, solution, the amount of ions is electrolysed until all the copper is deposited.
hydrogen liberated at STP willbe What is the volume of oxygen evolved at NTp?
(a) 1.008 g (b) 11.2g (c) 0.01g (d) 1.1g (a) 141l cc (b) 31.75 cc
78. (c) 64 cc (d) 32 cc
Duri
9650ngcoulombs
electrolysis
of of a solution of AgNO3,
charge is passed through the 85. Choose the option with correct words to fll in the
onsolution. be the mass of silver deposited
What will blanks.
the cathode? According to preferential discharge theory, out
(a) 108Bg (b) 10.8 g (c) 1.08g (d) 216 g of number of ions the one which requires
79. The energy willbe liberated at a given electrode.
2 A amount
of U
of chlorine evolved by passing (a) least, first (b) least, last
current an aqueous solution of NaCl for
30 minutes is
in
(c) highest, first (d) moderate, last
 64 mtG objective NCERT at
your
86. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) When an aqueous solution of NaCl is (a) Zinc NH,CI +MgCI,
Fingerig.
electrolysed, sodium metal is deposited at
cathode.
(b) There is no difference between specific
rod
(b) Carbon
rod
NH,OH + carbon GrZinc
rodaphite
conductivity and molar conductivity. (c) Carbon MnO, +C+ NH,CI rod
(c) Silver nitrate solution can be stored in a copper
container.
rod
(d) Zinc rod
Zinc can
Mn, + NH,CI
(d) The addition of liquid bromine to iodide
solution turns it violet. 92. Which of the given statements for Carbon
87. During the electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid, the
are incorrect? mercury cell
following process is possible at anode.
Anode
Anode cap
(a) 2H,Oy -’ Oz(e) + 4H(ag) + 4e
(b) 2S0taa) ’ S,Os(aa) + 2e
(c) H,O’ Haa) + OH(aq) Cell can
Gasket
Separator Cathode
(d) H,0 te ’ ;H2(g) +OH(a9)
(i) Mercury cell is suitable for low current devices
88. In electrolysis of dilute H,SO4, what is liberated at like hearing aids,watches, etc.
cathode? (ii) It consists of zinc-mercury amalgam as anode
(a) H, (b) SO (c) SO, (d) O2 and a paste of HgO and carbon as the cathode
89. When an aqueous solution of AgNO, is electrolysed (iüi) The electrolyte is a paste of Zn(OH), and KO,.
between platinum electrodes, the substances (iv) The electrode reactions for the cell are
liberated at anode and cathode are At anode :Zn(Hg) + H,0’ZnO9 +20H +2e
(a) silver is deposited at cathode and O, is liberated At cathode: HgO + H,0 + 2e ’ Hgp + 20H
at anode (a) (ii) and (iii) only (b) (i) and (ii) only
(b) silver is deposited at cathode and H, is liberated (c) (i), (iü) and (iv) only (d) (iii) and (iv) only
at anode
93. Label the given diagram showing lead storage
(c) hydrogen is liberated at cathode and O, is battery :
liberated at anode Anode
(d) silver is deposited at cathode and Pt is dissolved Cathode
in electrolyte.
90. Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of AgNO, with
-(P)
silver electrodes produces () at cathode while (ii)
ions are dissolved from anode. When Pt electrodes -(q)
are used (iii) is produced at anode and (iv) at ()
cathode.
(a) Pb PbO, 5 M H,SO,
(i) (ii) (iüi) (iv)
(a) H, NO, OH
(b) PbO, Pb conc. H,SO4
H, (c) Pb,O4
(b) Ag H+ PbO, 50% H,S04
H) (d) PbO, Pb dil. 38% H,SO,
(c) Ag Ag* Ag
(d) Ag H+ 94. When a lead storage battery is discharged,
Ag' (a) lead sulphate is consumed
(b) Oxygen gas is evolved
3.6 Batteries (c) lead sulphate is formed
91. Label the parts represented by (A), (B), and (C). (d) lead sulphide is formed.
95. The reaction which is taking place nickel-
cadmium battery can be represented by which of
(A)
the following equation?
(a) Cd+ NiO, + 2H,0 ’ Cd(OH), + Ni(OH)2
(b) Cd + NiO, + 20H ’ Ni + Cd(OH)>
(c) Ni + Cd(OH), ’ Cd+ Ni(OH);
(C)
(d) Ni(OH), + Cd(OH), ’ Ni + Cd + 2H,0
65 option.
appropriate to in The atmospheric
iron,thatatreleased hydroxide
hydrogentake
Electrons
go oxygen
rust,
(v)
hydrogen
ferrous
the iron storageconcentrated (iv)() (ii) (ii)
battery
inanode ofElectrolysis
lead your and
of and and (ii) as (v) not mark fuel
in
anode ’ ’(D)-’ ’ chapter.
atReaction
(ii) atReaction days
place
made Fe,O3.xH,0
Fe,O,.xH,0 does 8H and
IIColumn
of
Rusting (D) (D)(D) on
reduce out ofproduction
metal Fe,O,,H,0 H,SO, (ii),(iv),(i), (ii),
are
Concepts
this after
10
takes
object as by come reactions +
2Fe,O, columnxH,0
II cell (C)’ over again again!
oxidised Fe,O,
theandbehaves (iv) (ii) (iv) ’ ’ ’ chapter.command
anchoosing
ion which Fe,O,· (i) (C)(C) (iv),(C) revise Revise
an ferrousthrough
metal further(iii)cathode
anode cathode
anode CO,
following
Fe,O,
4H,0’ S,Osiag) 4e+4H,O,4Haa)
PbSO4(9)+2e
2e+ + (ii),(iüi), (i),
2H,00 chapter.thoroughly.
of spotfurther with ’
40Ha0) (B)’ (B)’ to
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move This with anode anode +O2dry) -xH,0I choice.
appropriate
column (a)
Column
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spot on H". are ferric (ii) + SO ’2S0aa)
(B) from
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and reduction
oxidation the H,C0, +
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t2H2(p) + ’ (i),(ii), (iv),
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spot of 4Fe* Fe,O, + 2Fe(s ’ ’ -’ -’ chapter.chapter:
chapter.
the of presence
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the Pb (A)(A)(A)(A) and
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OXygen Which Match
in (C) (D) next next nextthis to
Fill aAt (i) 10ns.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) (a)(b) (c) (d) from scope
100. the the the the
99, to to morewide to
to fingertips.
on on on back
palladium
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blanks the platinum
Catalysts
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oxygen increasing fuel iron SATINOTSFACTOR
the clectrolyte
Aqueous
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in palladium corrosion iscore
s
EXCELLENT!
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for 4e 40H(a9) your
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2H,O)
potassium hydroxide 2H,O)4e-’
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carefully tCathode the
Ele|chteromcishtreymistry appropriate
(i) or
porous(iii) reactions.hydroxide
through
bubbled chloride
sodium chloride
sodium a ’ 4e’
shows your 90%
Check
> 90-81% 70-61%
<60%
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Cells
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given an Anode given hydrogen
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PROGRES
choosing (b) carbon
(c) +
overall
the
H,>
finely (i) oxygen 2H2¢)(b) +
2H2()
Oze) given CHECK
Study the
by
like ofrate (a) The (a) (c) (d) 98.
The
In
1S
 (c) (b)
15. 30. (b)
45. 60. (c) 90.
(c) 75. (c) (b) (0)
15. 15.
(d)
14. (a)
29. (b)
44. (a)
59. (b) 89.
(a) (a) (d)
74. 14. 14.
28. (d) 58.
(b) (c) (b) (d)
73. 88.
(a) (d) (a)
13. 43. 13. 13.
12. (a) (b)(a)
27.(b)57.
(c) (a) (d) 87. (c) (d) (d)
12. 12. 12.
42. 72.
(c)
11. (a)
26. (c)
41. (c) (d)
86. (a) (b) (b)
56. 71. 11. 11. 11.
(b) (a) 70. (a) 100.(b) (d)
25. (c) (a) (d) (b) (b)
10. 40. 55. 85. 10. 10. 10.
(b) (b) 5.(-6) (a)
KEY (c) (c) (d) (b)(d)
ANSWER (a) (b)
69. 84. 99. ()
9. 24. 39. 54. 9. 9. 9. 9.
(a) (d) (b) (c) (b)(c) (a) (c) (d) (c) (b)

8. 23. 38.53. 68. 83. 98. 8. 8. 8. 8.

(d) (b)(b) (a) (b)(b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (14)
4. (c)
67. 82. 97. 7. 7.
7. 22. 37. 52.
(b) 7. 7.
(d)
21. (a)
36. 51.
(a) 66.
(c) 81.
(a) 96.
(c) (c) (a) (c) (b)

6. 6. 6. 6. (125)
3. 6.
(b)
20. 35.
(a) (a) (c) (b)(b) (a)
(a) 50. (c) (c) (c) (c)
5. 65. 80. 95. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5.
NCERT
Exemplar
Problems
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c)
19. 34. (d) (a) (b) (d) (d)
Questions
49. 64.79. 94.
4. 4. 4. 4. (6.12) 4. 4.
(d) 18. 48. (a) (b) (d)
33. (c)
(c) (a) (b) (a) (c) (a) (a)
3. 63. 78. 93. 3. 3. Type2.
3. Questions
Case
Based 3. 3.
MCQs
Corner Exam
Archive
(c) (a) (c) (c) (a) (c) (d) (c) Exam
Scorer(c) (b) Value Thinking (d)
Corner (a) (c)
17. 32. 47. 62. 77. 92. &R
Corner
A 17.
2. 1.
(c)
2. 1.(b)
2. 1.(d) 1.(1.067) 1.(d)
2. Numerical 2. 1.
(a)
2.
(a) (b)(b)(b) (b)(b) (c) (b)
16.
I. 16. 31. 46. 61. 76. 91.