1.

Rich amine input

- As mentioned in the previous part, the purpose of amine stripper is to absorb or capture acid
gases, such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S). In this process, amine
that has absorbed gases is call “rich amine” and will be fed into distillation column.
- Some types of amines used in treating gases includes:
+ MEA (Monoethanolamine): Used in low pressure natural gas treatment applications
requiring stringent outlet gas specifications.
+ MDEA (Methyldiethanolamine): Has a higher affinity for H2S than CO2 which allows
some CO2 “slip” while retaining H2S removal capabilities.
+ DEA (Diethanolamine): Used in medium to high pressure treating, does not require
reclaiming.

- Rich amine is transmitted inside a two-phase flow pipe, which consists of both gas and liquid,
and is maintained at a temperature of 63 degrees Celsius (traced line). Then, it is combined
with antifoam from antifoam input pipe. Alongside with the pipe, there are many valves,
namely pressure valve, double block and bleed valve to control the flow of rich amine and
defoamer.
- A pressure sensor is equipped right after the mixing point, measuring the pressure inside the
pipe and then feeding into a pressure controller. The pressure controller’s output is signals
used to control two pressure valve(PV) via pressure hand switch (PHS).
 This is the feed-forward control strategy for smooth and safe operation and production
rate.
2. Antifoam input
- Antifoam, also known as defoamer or antifoaming agent, is a chemical additive that is used
to control or eliminate foam formation in industrial processes. The formation of foam in
industrial oil refinement can have some negative impacts, such as slowdowns. lower
productivity, reduce quality, increase cost and event cause some safety problems. Therefore,
oil and gas companies need to reduce or eliminate foam.
 The difference between antifoam and no antifoam

- In amine stripper, silicone-based antifoam is commonly used compared to organic-based one

because of its effects and duration.
- In this P&ID, antifoam is transmitted from anti-foam injection pump, then goes through two
check valves and finally mixes with rich amine input.
3. Water reflux input
- In the amine stripper process, water reflux, often introduced at the top of the stripper column,
is used to aid in the removal of acid gases. It has some important uses:
+ Cooling: water reflux helps in cooling the hot vapor rising from the bottom of the stripper
column. Hot vapor is the absorbed acid gases that are heated in the stripper. When they meet
each other, water reflux causes these gases to condense and maintain optimal operating
temperature inside the column.
+ Dilution: the rich amine solution is diluted by water reflux, reducing its concentration in
the liquid phase. This dilution helps promote stripping process of acid gases from the amine
solution. Also, the reduced concentration in liquid phase enhances the transfer to vapor phase
of acid gases.
+ Acid gas removal: the water reflux serves as a scrubbing agent for the acid gases in the
rising vapor. When come into contact with water reflux, acid gases will be dissolved into
water, effectively removed from the vapor phase. It helps to further reduce the concentration
of acid gases in the vapor, hence increasing the efficiency of the process.

- The pipe is equipped with a sensor measuring flow of water input. Then, the flow rate is fed
into a flow controller, producing the control signal for the flow valve to control the flow rate.
 This is the feed-forward control strategy, used for smooth and safe operation and
production rate.