GOVT. HOLKAR (MODEL AUTONOMOUS) SCIENCE COLLEGE, INDORE(M.P.

)
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)
Part A: Introduction
Program: Degree Course Class B.Sc. Sem: V Semester Year :2023 Session 2023-24
Subject : Horticulture
1 Course Code
2 Course Title Management of flora and fauna in horticulture
3 Course Type MAJOR
4 Pre-requisite To study this course, a student must have had the subject Horticulture.
( If any)
On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
5 Course  Role of useful microbes in horticulture.
Learning  Microbial crop disease and their control.
 Nematodes and pest management.
Outcome  Mushroom cultivation.
(CLO)  Role of insects in pollination of flowering crops.
 Insect pest management for horticulture crops.
6 Credit Value 04 credit
7 Total Marks: Max. Marks 40+60 Min. Passing. Marks: 35
Part B Content of the Course
Total No. Of Lectures (in hours per week):3 hours per week Total No of lectures : 90 Hrs
S. No Topics No of
Lectures
1. History and Scope of Microbiology:
1.1 Development of microbiology in India and composition of microbial world.
1.2 Role of microbes in increasing soil fertility (bacteria, cyanobacteria and Fungi) 18
1.3 Microorganisms responsible for plant disease (bacterial and fungi)
1.4 Principle of plant disease control. (bacterial and fungal disease)
1.5 Role of microorganism in fermentation technology
2. Mushroom Cultivation:
2.1 Introduction to mushroom fungi and its nutritional value.
2.2 Edible and non-edible mushrooms (Pleurotus, Volvariella)
2.3 Preparation of culture, mother spawn production, multiplication of spawn,
cultivation, harvesting, packaging and storage. 18
2.4 Problems in mushroom cultivation, disease, pest and nematodes,
2.5 Weed moulds and their management strategies
3. Apiculture:
3.1 Introduction to beneficial insects. Importance and history of apiculture.
3.2 Species of honey bee, rock bee, little bee, Indian bee, European bee, Italian bee
and dammar bee.
3.3 Bee colony maintenance, colony activities, starting of new colony, location site, 18
transferring colony, replacement of queen, combining colonies, swarm
preventing, colony composition and value, bee wax and tissues. packaging and
marketing of honey and bee wax.
4. Nematodes and pest management in horticulture crops:
4.1 History and development of nematology, definition, economic importance.
General characters of plant parasitic nematodes.
4.2 Morphology classification and biology of nematodes.
4.3 Symptomatology and control of important plant parasitic nematodes of fruits 18
4.4 (tropical, subtropical and temperate crop) vegetables, tubes, ornamental, spice and
plantation crops.
4.5 Role of nematodes in plant disease complex. Integrated nematodes management.
 GOVT. HOLKAR (MODEL AUTONOMOUS) SCIENCE COLLEGE, INDORE(M.P.)
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)
Part A: Introduction
Program: Degree Course Class B.Sc. Sem: V Semester Year :2023 Session 2023-24
Subject : Horticulture
1 Course Code
2 Course Title Management of flora and fauna in horticulture theory
3 Course Type MAJOR
S. NO Topics No of
Lectures
5. Weed management in horticulture:
1.1 Weed: introduction, harmful and beneficial effect.
1.2 Classification propagation and dissemination.
1.3 Weed biology and ecology
18
1.4 Crop weed association. Crop-weed competition and alleopathy.
1.5 Methods of weed control, mechanical, chemical and biological control
1.6 Herbicides: advantages and limitations of herbicide usage in India.
1.7 Herbicide classification and methods of application.
Key word - Microbial world, Fermentation technology, edible and nonedible mushroom, nematode
management, crop weed competition.
PART C: Learning Resources
Suggested Readings:
1. Basic plant pathology methods, Dhingra and Sincair 1993, CBS publication and distributors New
Delhi.
2. Modem mushroom cultivation, Singh R.U.C. Singh 2005. Agro bios (India)
3. A Hand book of beekeeping Mishra, R.C. and Rajesh Gar 2006. Agro bios (India)
4. Bee Keeping in India, Singh, S. 1995JCAR, New Delhi.
5. Plant Nematology at a glance, Manfunta, B and Srinviasa N, 2007, New Delhi.
6. Microbiology, Sharma P.D. 2010 Rastogi Publication.
7. Text book of Applied microbiology, Dhir, Anja 2011 CBS publishing and distributions Pvt. Ltd.
8. Fundamentals of Agricultural Entomology, Sehga, P.K. 2017 Kalyani Publication.
9. Applied Entomology, Reddy D.S. New Vishal publication,20152
10. Principles of Applied Entomology, Ragamooorthi K.N. shrinvisaan, M.R. Ralasubramani, V.
Natarajan, N. 2012, AE Publication.
Suggested equivalent online courses reading
 https://www.britanica.com>scienel
 https://erm.wikipedia.org>wiki
 https://madhavuni8versity.edu.in>a
 https://www.researchgla.net
 https://en.mwikipedia.org>wiki
 https://www.jncpasiqhat.edu.in>
 https://online.courses.swayam.2ac.in
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki
 https://www.entsoc.org>education
 https://courseware>cutm.ac.in>
 GOVT. HOLKAR (MODEL AUTONOMOUS) SCIENCE COLLEGE, INDORE
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)
Part A: Introduction
Program: Degree Course Class B.Sc. Sem: V Semester Year :2023 Session 2023-24
Subject : Horticulture
1 Course Code
2 Course Title Management of flora and fauna in horticulture theory
3 Course Type MAJOR
Part D Assessment and Evaluation
Suggested continuous evaluation methods
Internal assessment: Continuous Comprehensive (CCE) External evaluation (Theory Exam):60 Marks
40 Marks End Semester Exam:
Shall be based on allotted assignments and class tests. The Time: 2 Hours
division Of marks is as Follows
Class Test Best Two Test Section (A): 5 Objective Question 5 x 1 =5
Marks (1 Marks Each)
Test (1) (Written Test) 20 Marks Section (B): Five Short Questions 5 x 5 =25
Best two test (200) Words Each) (5 Marks Each )
Test (2) (Written Test) 20 Marks
Marks 40
Marks Section (C): Two Long Question 3 x10=30
Test (3) (Quiz/seminar/ 20 Marks (20 +20) (500 Words Each ) (10 Marks Each)
assignment)
Total External Evaluation 60 Marks
Total Marks of Internal Assessment 40 marks (Theory)Marks (A+B+C)
 GOVT. HOLKAR (MODELAUTONOMOUS) SCIENCE COLLEGE, INDORE (M.P.)
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)
Part A: Introduction
Program: Degree Course Class B.Sc. V Semester Year: 2023 Session 2023-24
Subject : Horticulture
1 Course Code
2 Course Title Management of microbes, nematodes, insects and weeds
3 Course Type MAJOR (Practical)
4 Pre-requisite To study this course a student must had the subject Horticulture in Diploma.
( If any)
5 Course Learning After completion of course, students will be able to get knowledge of-
Outcome (CLO)  Useful and harmful microorganisms.
 Use of microbes for increasing soil fertility.
 Technique of plant diseases control.
 Identification and control of nematodes and insects.
 Identification of insects useful for horticulture.
 Fermentation technology and mushroom cultivation.
 Weed control and preparation of green manure.
6 Credit Value 02
7 Total Marks Max. Marks 40+60 Min. Passing. Marks: 35
Part B- Content of the Course
Total numbers of Lectures/Tutorials/Practical (2 hours/week)
S. Topics No of
No Lectures
1 Study of plant diseases: Symptoms, host parasite relations and control. 02
2 Identification and isolation of plant pathogen. 02
3 Various methods of disease control. 02
4 Edible and poisonous mushrooms. 02
5 Mushroom cultivation, technology. 02
6 Identification of various insects useful and harmful insects. 02
7 Study of honey bee colony, agriculture technique management of summer and 01
winter season.
8 Identification of nematodes. 02
9 Methods of sampling of nematode from soil and pint killing and fixing. 02
10 Preparation of temporary and permanent mounts of nematode. 02
11 Nematicide and their uses. 01
12 Collection and preservation of plant specimens damaged by nematode parasites. 01
13 Identification of weeds and their control. 02
14 Green Manuring. 02
15 Biogas production by weeds. 02
Key Words: Mushroom cultivation, apiculture, green manuring. Biogas.
PART C: Learning Resources
Suggested Reading
1. Practical microbiology Dubey R.C. and Maheshwari, D.K. 2010 S. Chand Publication.
2. Practical Manual for undergraduate’s microbiology. Makes Kumar, 2018 Jain brother’s publication.
3. Text book on mushroom cultivation Aggarwal, A. Sharma Yashpal and Usha Jangra 2011 New rays publishing
house.
4. Mushroom cultivation Kumarsan V. 2009 Sara’s Publication.
5. A text book of Apiculture, Nem Ray, 2020 S Vinesh and company.
6. Apiculture Jayshree, K.V. C.S. Tahraden, N Arumngan 2019 Sara Publication.
7. Practical Plant nematology a field laboratory guide Coyne. D.L. 2007 IITA publication.
8. Weed Management Gupta O.P. 2019 Agrobios Publication.
9. Practical manual on weed management Maliwal, P.L. 2020 Agribiover Publisher.
 GOVT. HOLKAR (MODEL AUTONOMOUS) SCIENCE COLLEGE, INDORE
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)

Part A: Introduction
Program: Degree Course Class B.Sc. Sem: V Semester Year :2023 Session 2023-24
Subject : Horticulture
1 Course Code
2 Course Title Management of microbes, nematodes, insects and weeds
3 Course Type MAJOR (Practical)
Suggested equivalent online courses reading
 https://www.researchgate.net>2641
 https://microbiologysociety.org>ba
 https://learnfreshcap.com>growing
 https://www.goodreads.com>show
 https://www.researchgate.net>3169
 https://www.barnexsandnolble.com>
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org.>wiki
 https://www.researchgate.net>2354
 https://www.researchgate.net4647
 https://www.academia.edd>manual
 https://researchgate.net>2759
Part D Assessment and Evaluation
Suggested continuous evaluation methods
Internal Assessment (A): 40 marks
Lab Record/Class interaction/quiz 15 marks
Attendance in the Lab 05 marks
Assignments ( Industrial Training (10 hours)/Mini Project ( project demo + report)) 20 marks
End Sem External Evaluation (B) : 60 marks
Viva Voce on Practical 10 marks
Practical Record File 10 marks
Experiments 40 marks
Total Marks (A+B) 100 marks
Any remarks/suggestions:
 ’kkl- gksydj ¼vkn’kZ Lo’kklh½ foKku egkfo|ky;] bUnkSj e-iz-
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)
Hkkx v & ifjp;
dk;Zdze% mikf/k d{kk% ch-,llh- iape% lsesLVj Ok"kZ% 2023 l=% 2023%24
fo"k;% ckxokuh
1 ikB~;dze dk dksM
2 ikB~;dze dk 'kh"kZd ckxokuh ds fy;s ikS?kks rFkk tUrqvksa dk izcU/kuA
3 ikB~;dze dk izdkj% ewy fo"k;
4 iqokZi{s kk ¼;fn dksbZ bl ikBz;dze dk v?;;u djus ds fy;s fo|kFkhZ us fMIyksek ikB~;dze esa ckxokuh
gks½ fo"k; fy;k x;k gksA
5 ikB~;dze lh[kus dk ikB~;dze dh iw.kZrk ds i’pkr~ fo|kFkhZ dks fuEufyf[kr {ks= + s es Kkku vftZSr dj ysrk gS&
izfrQy (CLO)  ckxokuh es lw{ethoks dh HkwfedkA
 lw{ethoh esa Qlyks esa gksus okys jksx rFkk budk fu;a=.kA
 d`fe rFkk dhV izcU/kuA
 e’k:e mRiknuA
 iq"ih; ikS/kksa esa ijkx.k fdz;k esa dhVks dh HkwfedkA
 ckxokuh esa dhV izcU/kuA
6 dzsfMV eku 04 dzsfMV
7 dqy vad % 100 vf/kdre vad% 40+60 U;wure mRrh.kZ vad% 35
Hkkx c & ikB~;dze dh fo"k;oLrq
dqy O;k[;ku@izk;ksfxd dk;Z 3 ?kaVs@lIrkg L-T-P=90
bdkbZ fo"k;d O;k[;ku
dh la[;k
1- lw{ethofoKku dk bfrgkl ,oa nk;jk%
1-1 Hkkjr esa lw{etho foKku dk fodkl rFkk lw{ethoh lalkj dk la?kVuA 18
1-2 e`nk moZjrk esa lw{ethoksa dh Hkwfedk ¼thok.kq] lkbukscSDVhfj;k rFkk dod½
1-3 ikS/k jksx ds fy;s mRrjnk;h lq{etho ¼thok.kq rFkk dod½
1-4 ikni jksx fu;a=.k ds fl}akr ¼thok.kq rFkk dod tfur jksx½
1-5 fd.ou rduhd esa lw{ethoks dh HkwfedkA
2- e’k:e mRiknu%
2-1 e’k:e mRiknd dodksa dk ifjp; rFkk budk iks"kd ekuA
2-2 [kkn~; rFkk v[kkn~; e’k:e ¼IywjksVl] okWyosfj;sYyk½ 18
2-3 dYpj fuekZ.k] ekr`LikWu fuekZ.k] LikWu dk xq.ku] mRiknu] dVkbZ iSdVs fuekZ.k rFkk laxzgA
2-4 e’k:e mRiknu esa vkus okyh dfBukb;kW] dhV] d`fe] [kjirokj ds dkj.k :dkoVsa rFkk budk
izcU/kuA
3- e/kqeD[kh ikyu%
-3-1 ykHknk;d dhVksa dk ifjp;@e/kqeD[kh ikyu dk egRo rFkk bfrgklA
3-2 e/kqeD[kh dh iztkfr;kW] jkWd ch] fyfVy ch] bafM;u ch] ;wjksfi;u ch] bVkfy;u ch rFkk nEekj chA
3-3 e/kqeD[kh dh dkWyksuh dk j[kj[kko] dkWyksuh dh xfrfof/k;kW] ubZ dkWyksuh izkjaHk gksauk] LFkku] dkWyksuh
dk LFkkukUrj.k] jkuh dk cnyuk] dkWyksuh dk la;kstu] >qaM cuus ls jksduk] fofHkUu ekSle es 18
dkWyksuh dk izcU/kuA
3-4 dkWyksuh ls ’kgn izkIr djuk] ’kgn dk la?kVu rFkk mi;ksfxrk] ekse rFkk vU; mrd vyx djukA
’kgn rFkk ekse dh iSdsftax rFkk fodz;A
4- ckxokuh Qlyksa esa lw= d`fe rFkk dhV izcU/ku%
4-1 lw= d`fe foKku dk bfrgkl rFkk fodklA
4-2 ikS/kjksx lw=d`fe ds lkekU; xq.kAlw=d`fe dh vkdkfjdh] oxhZdj.k rFkk tSfodhAlw=d`fe tfur jksxks
4-3 dk y{k.k foKku rFkk fu;a=.k ¼m".kdfVcU/kh; mim".k m".kdfVcU/kh; rFkk ’khrks".k Qly½ mnkgj.k
4-4 Qy] dUn:ih lCth] lqnajrk ds fy;s ikS/kks] elkys iznkrk rFkk ikS/kkjksi.k ds fy;s QlysA 18
4-5 ikni jksx dkEIysDl cuus esa lw=d`fe dh HkwfedkA ,dhd`r lw=d`fe izcU/kuA
 ’kkl- gksydj ¼vkn’kZ Lo’kklh½ foKku egkfo|ky;] bUnkSj e-iz-
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)
Hkkx v & ifjp;
dk;Zdze% mikf/k d{kk% ch-,llh- iape% lsesLVj Ok"kZ% 2023 l=% 2023%24
fo"k;% ckxokuh
1 ikB~;dze dk dksM
2 ikB~;dze dk 'kh"kZd ckxokuh ds fy;s ikS?kks rFkk tUrqvksa dk izcU/kuA
3 ikB~;dze dk izdkj% ewy fo"k;
bdkbZ fo"k;d O;k[;ku dh
la[;k
5- Ckxokuh esa [kjirokj izcU/ku%
5-1 [kjirokj ifjp;] gkfudkjd rFkk ykHknk;d izHkkoA
5-2 oxhZsdj.k] o/khZ iztuu rFkk izlkjA
5-3 [kjirokj dh tSfodh rFkk ikfjLFkfrdhA 18
5-4 Qly & [kjirokj laxBuA
Qly & [kjirokj izfrLi/kkZ rFkk ,yhyksiSFkhA
5-5 [kjirokj fu;a=.k fof/k;ka] ;kaf=d] jklk;fud] rFkk tSfod fu;a=.kA
5-6 [kjirokj fu;a=d % Hkkjr esa [kjirokj fu;a=dks ls ykHk rFkk lhek;saA
lkj fcUnq & lw{e thoh lalkj] fd.ou rduhdh] [kkn~; ,oa v[kkn~; e’k:e] lw=d`fe izca/ku ] Qly & [kjirkokj
Li/kkZA
Hkkx l & ikB~;dze dh fo"k;oLrq
vuq’kaflr iqLrdsa
1. Basic plant pathology methods, Dhingra and Sincear 1993, CBS publication and
distributors, New Delhi.
2. Modern mushrooms cultivation, Singh R, U.C. Singh 2005, Agrobios (India)
3. A Hand book of beekeeping Mishra R.C. and Rajesh Gar 2006, Agrobios (India)
4. Bee Keeping in India Singh, S. 1995 ICAR New Delhi.
5. Plant Nematology at a glance Manjunath R. and 2007 New Vishal Publication.
6. Microbiology Sharma P.D. 2010 Rastogi Publication.
7. Text Book of Applied microbiology Dhir Anja 2011 CBS publishing and distributions Pvt.
Ltd.
8. Fundamentals of Agricultural Entomology Sehga, P.K. 2017 Kalyani Publication.
9. Applied Entomology Reddy, D.S. New Vishal Publication 2015
10. Principles of Applied Entomology. Rangamoorthi, K.N. Srinivasan, M.R. Balausbramani
V. Natarajan N.2012 AE Publication.

vuq’kaflr osc fyad ,oa bZ&lalk/ku

 https://www.britanica.com>sciencl
 https://erm.wikipedia.org>wiki
 https://madhavuniversity.edu.in>a
 https://www.researhgla.net
 https://en.mwikipedia.org>wiki
 https://www.jncpasiqhat.edu.in>
 https://online courses.swayam.2ac.in
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org>eiki
 https://www.entose.org>education
 https://couseaware.cutm.ac.in>
 ’kkl- gksydj ¼vkn’kZ Lo’kklh½ foKku egkfo|ky;] bUnkSj e-iz-
(NAAC Accredited “A’’ Grade College)

Hkkx v & ifjp;

dk;Zdze% mikf/k d{kk% ch-,llh- iape% lsesLVj Ok"kZ% 2023 l=% 2023%24
fo"k;% ckxokuh
1 ikB~;dze dk dksM
2 ikB~;dze dk 'kh"kZd ckxokuh ds fy;s ikS?kks rFkk tUrqvksa dk izcU/kuA
3 ikB~;dze dk izdkj% ewy fo"k;
Hkkx&n ewY;kadu fof/k;kWa
vkarfjd ewY;kadu%lrr~ O;kid ewY;kadu ¼lhlhbZ½ 40 vad Ckg~; ewY;kadu ¼lS/nkfrd ijh{kk½ %vafre lsesLVj
vkaofVr vlkbuesVa vkSj Dykl VsLV ij vk/kkfjr gksxkA vadks ijh{kk
dk foHkktu bl izdkj gSa 60 vad le; % 2 ?kaVs
c- d{kk ijh{k.k loksZRre nks ijh{kk [kaM ¼v½ % 05 ,e lh D;w 05 x 01¾05 vad
vad% 20 vad iz’u
ijh{k.k I (fyf[kr 20 vad loZJs"B
ijh{k.k) nks
ijh{k.k
ijh{k.k II(fyf[kr 20 vad vad [kaM ¼c½ % ikap y?kq iz’u 05 x 05¾25 vad
40 vad ¼200 izR;sd ’kCn ½
ijh{k.k)
ijh{k.k III (iz’uksRrjh@ 20 vad [kaM ¼l½ % nks nh?kZ iz’u 02 x 15= 30 vad
lsfeukj@ vlkbuesVa ) ¼500 izR;sd ’kCn ½
dqy vkarfjd ewY;kadu ¼fl/nkar½ vad ¼,$ch½ 40 vad Ckg~; ewY;kadu ¼fl/nkar½ 60 vad
vad ¼ v$c$l½
 ’kkl- gksydj ¼vkn’kZ Lo’kklh½ foKku egkfo|ky;] bUnkSj e-iz-
(NAAC Accredited “A” Grade College)

Hkkx v & ifjp;

dk;Zdze% mikf/k d{kk% ch-,llh- iape% lsesLVj Ok"kZ% 2023 l=% 2023%24
fo"k;% ckxokuh
1 ikB~;dze dk dksM
2 ikB~;dze dk 'kh"kZd Lw{ethoks] lw=d`fe] dhV rFkk [kjirkokj izcU/ku
3 ikB~;dze dk izdkj% ewy fo"k;
4 iqokZis{kk ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ bl ikBz;dze dk v?;;u djus ds fy;s fo|kFkhZ us fMIyksek ikB~;dze esa ckxokuh fo"k;
fy;k x;k gksA
5 ikB~;dze lh[kus dk ikB~;dze dh iw.kZrk ds i’pkr~ fo|kFkhZ dks fuEufyf[kr {ks=
+ s es Kkku vftZSr dj ysrk gS&
izfrQy (CLO)  mi;ksxh moa uqdlkunk;d lw{ethoA
 e`nk moZjrk c<kus esa lw{ethoksa dk mi;ksxA
 ikni jksx fu;a=.k dh fof/k;kaA
 lw=d`fe rFkk dhVksa dh igpku rFkk fu;a=.kA
 ckxokuh ds fy;s ykHknk;d dhVks dh igpkuA
 fd.ou rduhd rFkk e’k:e mRiknuA
 [kjirokj fu;a=.k rFkk gfjr[kkn fuekZ.kA
6 dzsfMV eku 02
7 dqy vad % 100 vf/kdre vad% 40+60 U;wure mRrh.kZ vad% 35
Hkkx c & ikB~;dze dh lkexzh
dqy O;k[;ku @V~;wVksfj;Yl@iz;ksxkRed dk;Z 2 ?kaVs izfr lIrkg
bdkbZ fo"k;d O;k[;ku
dh la[;k
1 Ikkni jksxksa dk v/;;u% y{k.k] gksLV&ijthoh lac/a k rFkk fu;a=.kA 02
2 ikni ijthoh dh igpku rFkk vkblksys’kuA 02
3 ikni jksx fu;a=.k dh fof/k;kaA 02
4 [kkn~; rFkk fo"kSys e’k:eA 02
5 e’k:El mRiknu dh rduhdhA 01
6 fofHkUu dhVks dh igpku% mi;ksxh rFkk uqdlkunk;d dhVA 02
e/kqeD[kh dh dkWyksuh dk v/;;u e/kqeD[kh ikyu rduhd] xzh"e rFkk ’khr _rqvksa esa dkWyksuh dk
7 04
izcU/kuA
8 lw=d`fe;ksa dh igpkuA 02
9 e`nk rFkk ikS/kksa ds Hkkxks ls lw=d`fe dh tkap djukA mUgs ekjdj fLFkj djukA 02
10 lw=d`fe dh LFkk;h rFkk vLFkk;h LykbM rS;kj djukA 02
11 lw=d`fe uk’kd rFkk budk mi;ksxA 01
12 lw=d`fe }kjk {kfrxzLr ikS/kksa dk ,d=.k rFkk ifjj{k.kA 01
13 [kjirokj dh igpku rFkk budk fu;a= + .kA 02
14 gfjr [kknA 02
15 [kjirokj }kjk ck;ksxSl dk fuekZ.kA 02
lkj fcUnq&e’k:e mRiknu] e/kqeD[kh ikyu] gfjr [kkn] ck;ks xSl
 ’kkl- gksydj ¼vkn’kZ Lo’kklh½ foKku egkfo|ky;] bUnkSj e-iz-
(NAAC Accredited “A’’ Grade College)

Hkkx v & ifjp;

dk;Zdze% mikf/k d{kk% ch-,llh- iape% lsesLVj Ok"kZ% 2023 l=% 2023%24
fo"k;% ckxokuh
1 ikB~;dze dk dksM
2 ikB~;dze dk 'kh"kZd lw{ethoks] lw=d`fe] dhV rFkk [kjirkokj izcU/ku
3 ikB~;dze dk izdkj% ewy fo"k;
Hkkx l & ikB; lkexzh
vuq’kaflr iqLrdsa
1. Practical microbiology Dubey R.C. and Mahehwari, D.K. 2010 S, Chand Publication.
2. Practical Manual for undergraduate’s microbiology, Mukesh Kumar 2018 Jain brothers
Publication.
3. Text book on mushroom cultivation Aggarwal, A Sharma Yashpal and Usha Jangra 2011
New rays publishing house.
4. Mushroom cultivation Kumaresan V.2009 Saras Publication.
5. A Text book of Apiculture Nem, Ray 2020 S Vinesh and company.
6. Apiculture Jayshree K.V., C. S. Tahraden, N Arungan 2019 Sara Publication.
7. Practical Plant nematology a field guide. Coyne, D.L. 2007 IITA publication.
8. Weed Management. Gupta O.P. 2019 Agrobios Pubication.
9. Practical manual on weed management. Maliwal, P.L. 2020 Agribiovet Publisher.
Hkkx&n ewY;kadu fof/k;kWa
vkarfjd ewY;kadu ¼v½ 40 vad
Yksc fjdkMZ@ d{kk ckrphr @iz’uksmRrjh 15 vad
iz;ksx’kkyk esa mifLFkrh 05 vad
vlkbesaV ¼vkS|kfxd izf’k{k.k 10 ?kaVs½@feuh izkstsDV ¼izkstsDV Mseks fjiksZV½½ 20 vad
vafre lsesLVj ckg~; ewY;kadu ¼c½ % 60 vad
Okbok okW;l vkWu iz;ksfxd 10 vad
izsfDVdy fjdkWMZ 10 vad
iz;ksx 40 vad
dqy vad ¼v$ c½ 100 vad
dksbZ fVIi.kh lq>ko %