GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING

K.VINODH
21065-CHPP-024
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM :
MANUFACTURING PROCESS :

REACTORS: Reactor is an equipment. It is a closed vessel. It is used to

react two or more components or materials are converted into products with
in a suitable or required temperature &pressure. A Chemical reaction is a
process that results in the conversion of chemical substances. The
substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called
reactants. A reactor consists of a tank with an agitator, jacket, and integral
heating/cooling system. Reactors are designed based on features like mode
of operation or types of phases present or the geometry of reactors.
FILTRATION:Filtratio n is a process whereby solid particles presenting a suspension are
separated from the liquid or gas employing a porous medium, which retains the solids but
allows the fluid to pass through. When the proportion of solids in a liquid is less, the term
clarification is used. It is a commonoperationwhic h iswidelyemployed
inproductionofsterile produc ts,bulkdrugs ,and in liquid oral
formulation.Thes uspe nsionto befil tered is known asslurry.Theporousme dium used to retain
the solids is known as filter medium. The accumulated solids on the filter are referred as
filter cake & the clear liquid passing through the filter is filtrate. The pores of the filter
medium are smaller than the size of particles to be separated. Filter medium like filter paper
or muslin cloth is placed on support. When feed is passed over the filter medium, the fluid
flows through the filter medium by virtue of a pressure differential across the filter. Gravity is
acting on the liquid column. Therefore, solids are trapped on the surface of the filter
medium. After a particular point of time, the resistance offered by

CENTRIFUGE: It is an equipment, generally driven by an electric motor. It is rotating around

a fixed axis, applying a force perpendicular to the axis. The centrifuge works using the
sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration causes more dense substances to
separate out along the radial direction. The rotating unit is called rotor, has fixed holes
drilled at an angle. The filter bag placed in inner surface of basket and the rotor is spin. It is
used to filter the slurry and separate the mother liquor. The remaining material in the basket
is wet cake. Corrosive chemicals are used in the haler coating centrifuge and non -corrosive
chemicals used in stain less steal centrifuge
 Loadingin thebasket: The centrifugeis filled with aloadof solidsand liquid as
slurryby flowing through a feed pipe slowly from the reactor bottom valve.
All possible precautions should take to ensure good balance in the machine.
Washing: A small vertical pipe projecting into the basket and fitted with
several spray nozzles provide the best washing device. Reducing the speed
of the basket to increase the contact period and reduce the velocity of the
wash liquid enhances the effectiveness of this as of all other washing
equipment. Unloading:The basket must be stopped, and the solids scrapped
out with scoop. We must avoid the damaging of
cloth,buttheliningshouldbefreeof filtermaterialwhich will tend to blind the
filter medium.
EQUIPMENTS :

• STAINLESS STEEL REACTOR

• GLASS LINED REACTOR
• CENTRIFUGE
• VACCUUM PUMP
• CATCH POT
• SPARLER FILTER
• CANDY FILTER
• MICRON FILTER
STAINLESS STEEL REACTOR :

In this reactor used a non-corrosive chemical (non-

acidic materials). The stainless -steel reactor is
made by spraying glass powder which contains high
concentrations of silica onto the internal surface of a
steel vessel. After reasonable high temperature
sintering, the glass powder firmly adheres to the
metal surface, forming a composite material product.
The close-type stainless steel reactor consists of the
lid and tank which can be separated. There are
sealing gaskets between the lid and the tank, and
the two are fixed by camps. It is the best equipment
for hydrolysis, neutralization, crystallization, mixing
and emulsifying, the stainless -steel reactor is widely
used in the chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical,
pesticide, food, dye, and other industries.
GLASS LINED REACTOR :

In the reactors, quality carbon steel

its lined with special ciliate glass by
fritting at a high temperature. It is
irreplaceable with stainless steel,
engineering plastic and other alloy
steel under a certain medium and
temperature at corrosion resistance.
It is also indispensable and economic
and good corrosion resistance
equipment.
CENTRIFUGE :

It is an equipment, generally driven by an

electric motor. It is rotating around a fixed
axis, applying a force perpendicular to the
axis. The centrifuge works using the
sedimentation principle, where the centripetal
acceleration causes more dense substances to
separate out along the radial direction. The
rotating unit is called rotor, has fixed holes
drilled at an angle. The filter bag placed in
inner surface of basket and the rotor is spin. It
is used to filter the slurry and separate the
mother liquor. The remaining material in the
basket is wet cake. Corrosive chemicals are
used in the haler coating centrifuge and non -
corrosive chemicals used in stain less steal
centrifuge.
VACCUUM PUMP :
Vacuum is a space devoid of matter where the
gaseous pressure inside this volume is below
atmospheric pressure. A vacuum pump’s main
function is to change the pressure in a
contained space to create a full or partial
vacuum either mechanically or chemically.
Pressure will always try to equalize across
connected regions as gas molecules flow from
high to low to fill the entire area of that
volume. Therefore, if a new low -pressure
space is introduced, gas will naturally flow
from high-pressure area to the new area of
low-pressure until they are of equal pressure.
Notice this vacuum process is created not by
“sucking” gases but pushing molecules.
Vacuum pumps essentially move gas molecules
from one region to the next to create a vacuum
by changing high and low-pressure states.
CATCH POT :

First of all, for those that don’t know

a catchpot is a housing used to
remove the bulk of the liquid before a
coalescing filter. Sometimes if there
is a large quantity or ‘slug’ of liquid it
can flood the coalescing filter
element and cause carry-over. The
catchpot eliminates this problem by
removing the bulk of the liquid and
allowing the coalescing filter to
perform at the highest efficiency
possible.
SPARKLER FILTER :

In this type of filter system, the unfiltered

liquid to be filtered enters the filter from the
bottom under pressure into the center channel
and goes to the of each plate fitted with filter
media and spread equally. The solids remain
on the filter media and crystal -clear filter
flows out from openings on side of plates to
the shell which is led out through outlet
pipeline. Filtration is continued until the cake
holding capacity of the unit is reached us until
rate becomes too slow due cake resistance. In
this system solids are evenly distributed each
plate which is easily retained in form of cake,
and it can be dried by applying maximum air,
inert gas, or steam at the end of cycle.
CANDY FILTER :

It is a one type of filter. It is used

to filter the carbon content in the
solvent. It has inlet and outlet
connections at the top and
bottom. The inlet feed is after the
filtration of sparkler filter to the
candy filter. It is a vertical tube
shape filter. It filters inside have a
one bag. This bag is separate the
contaminants from the solvent.
MICRON FILTER :

Micron filter is filtration

equipment. It is used to filter the
charcoal or other particles in the
slurry. The feed slurry is coming
from candy filter to micron filter.
Micro filter is rarely used in the
industries. Micron filter is
filtrating the very small particles.
The particles are separated from
the solvent by using a micron
bags.
THANK YOU ☺️