Ijaerv13n11 184

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 11 (2018) pp.
10082-10093
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Design of Dual band Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi &
Wi-Max Applications
1
Mr. Prasanna Paga,2Dr. H.C.Nagaraj,3Dr.T.S.Rukmini
1
Research scholar, NREA, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India.
2
Professor & Principal, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NREA,Nitte Meenakshi
Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India.
3
Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of
Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India.
Abstract slotted antenna with Co-planar waveguide feed has been

presented for WLAN and Wi-Max applications.The structure
This paper highlights the proposed design for a dual band
resulted in a gain of 2.4dBi and 2.7dBi and a bandwidth of
slotted frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna fed
400MHz and 1.02GHz for the lower and the upper frequency
through a 50Ω coaxial feed using inset type of a feeding
bands respectively.The structure has been simulated on a FR4
system over the FR4 substrate for resonating between Wi-Fi
substrate of permittivity 4.4 and thickness 1mm.In[2], a tri
and Wi-Max frequency bands. The patch antenna is proposed
band slotted Bow tie antenna has been designed targeting
to tune between two frequencies i.e. Wi-Fi frequency
2.5GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz wireless applications. The
(2.4GHz) and the Wi-Max (3.5GHz) with the help of slots.
structure resulted in a Gain of 2.4dB, 3.0dB and 3.55dB for
The proposed structure resulted in a gain of 1.94dBi and
the lower, middle and the upper frequency bands
3.31dBi for the lower and the upper frequency bands
respectively.The structure has been simulated on a FR4
respectively.the measured radiation patterns were Omni
substrate of permittivity 4.4.The peak boresight gains reported
directional in the higher band.
were negative for all the three frequency bands of interest. In
Keywords: Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, slotted, [3], a tri band antenna targeting Wireless LAN and WiMAX
frequency bands were presented The structure resulted in
Gains of about 1dBi,2dBi and 1.25dBi for the lower, middle
INTRODUCTION and the upper frequency bands respectively.The measured
radiation patterns were nearly omni directional under azimuth
Traditionally wireless systems were designed for single plane and were characterized by the presence of nulls under
predefined mission. Therefore, the antennas used in these elevation plane.In [4], a triband antenna targeting WLAN and
systems also possessed some fixed parameters such as Wi-MAX applications were presented using a Dual U shaped
frequency band, radiation pattern, polarization, and gain. slot. The structure has been simulated on a FR4 substrate of
Recently reconfigurable antennas (RAs) have gain permittivity 4.4.The fractional bandwidths reported were
tremendous research interest for many different applications, 3.14%, 4.96% and 2.56% for the lower, middle and the upper
for example, cellular radio system, radar system, satellite frequency bands respectively. The simulated radiation patterns
communication,airplane, and unmanned airborne vehicle were directional. In[5], a dual band antenna has been
(UAV) radar, smart weapon protection. In mobile and satellite fabricated on a FR4 substrate of permittivity 4.4 targeting
communications, reconfigurable antennas are useful to WLAN frequency bands. The structure resulted in two
support a large number of standards (e.g., UMTS, different resonant frequencies of 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz.The
Bluetooth,WiFi, Wi-MAX, DSRC) .A single multifunctional peak gains reported were 1.6dBi and 2.33dBi for the lower
antenna can replace multiple single functional antennas.In [6] and the upper frequency bands respectively. The measured
various types of Reconfigurable Antennas and their realization radiation pattern were characterized by the presence of nulls
using electronic switches such as PIN diodes have been under both the lower and the upper frequency bands
discussed.However such designs suffer from biasing respectively. In [6], a comparative analysis of various
problems. planar antennas have been most widely used in reconfigurable and multiband antenna concepts was presented.
wireless communication systems, especially in wireless local The different techniques for realizing Multiband Antennas
area network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for such as PIN diodes, MEMS switches, and varactors were
Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution discussed. In [7], a dual band antenna based on metamaterial
(LTE) applications. In order to satisfy the planar structure operating in S band and C band is designed
WLAN/WiMAX/LTE standards, multiband antennas which and developed for Space and Radar communication
operate at 2.4–2.484 GHz/5.15–5.825 GHz for WLAN, 2.5– Applications using CSRR in the Ground plane. The structure
2.69 GHz/3.4–3.69 GHz/5.25–5.85 GHz for WiMAX are has been designed on a FR4 substrate of permittivity 4.4 with
required where in independent tuning can be obtained for a a dimension of 21.7mm X 20.4mm with a substrate thickness
particular frequency bands of interest In [1], a dual band of 1.6mm along with Microstrip line feeding technique. It
10082
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 11 (2018) pp. 10082-10093
resonates at 2.7GHz, 7.5GHz with the return loss of -17.27dB,

-29.63dB, respectively with a -10dB impedance Bandwidth of
6.8GHz .The average Gain of the Antenna is 5.82dB.In [8], a
metamaterial based dual band Antenna has been proposed for
Wi-Max Application using CSRR.The radiating structure
resonates at two different frequencies of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz
.The radiating structure resulted in a return loss of -24.5dB,-
31dB,a Bandwidth of 112.1MHz and 92.1MHz for both the
lower and the upper bands respectively. The structure has
been designed on a Rogers substrate of permittivity 2.2 and
resulted in a Gain of 4.5dBi and 5.0dBi for both the lower and
the upper bands respectively.In [9], a multiband monopole
antenna has been designed on a Rogers substrate of
permittivity 3.23 using CSRR The structure resulted in a gain
of -1.0 dBi,1.0dBi and 4.0 dBi, a return loss value of -25dB,- Figure 1(b) length of the symmetrical slots of the slotted
15.0dB and -20.0dB respectively for 2.4GHz,3.5GHz and antenna using inset feeding technique.
5.2GHz frequency bands respectively. The radiating structure
resulted in a Bandwidth of 440MHz, 200MHz and 200 MHz
for the lower, middle and the upper bands respectively.In [10],
a dual band patch antenna is designed by loading a U-slot
metamaterial structure on the surface of the rectangular patch
.The structure has been designed on a FR4 substrate with a
thickness of 6mm. The structure resulted in a resonant
frequency of 3.58GHz and 5.74 GHz with a return loss value
of -16.0dB,-12.5dB and a Bandwidth of 490MHz and 650
MHz for the lower and the upper frequency bands
respectively.
ANTENNA DESIGN
Figure 2 (a) Snapshot of the (b) the Ground plane view Dual
band Antenna on FR4
METHODOLOGY
In the proposed work, a dual band Antenna has been designed,
simulated and Fabricated on a FR4 substrate of permittivity
4.4 and thickness 1.6mm to tune between Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and
Wi-Max 3.5GHz Frequency band. The length and the width of
the patch antenna are selected so as to tune to 2.4GHz
frequency band.The length of the patch has been kept at half
the guide wavelength corresponding to 2.4GHz.Two
symmetrical slots of length 3.5mm by 8.5mm have been cut
on the surface of the patch so as to tune to 3.5GHz frequency
band of interest. Inset type of feeding technique has been
employed for impedance matching between the port and the
antenna.The length of the inset feed is kept at 10mm from the
edge of the patch to get the required 50 ohms impedance
point.
DESIGN EQUATIONS
𝑐
𝐿= − 2∆𝐿 (1)
2𝑓𝑟 √𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓
Figure 1(a) Geometrical specifications of the slotted Antenna
in HFSS. Lp = L = Length of the patch
10083
𝑐
fr = resonant frequency corresponding 𝑓1 = (3)
√𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 ×4×𝑙𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡1
to 2.4GHz frequency band
Where
∆𝐿 = patch length extension
f1 = Resonant Frequency corresponding to 3.5GHz .
h=substrate thickness
lslot1 = slot length corresponding to 3.5GHz.
W= width of the patch
ϵreff = effective permittivity ofthe substrate 𝑊
(𝜖𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 +0.3)( ℎ +0.264)
∆𝐿 = ℎ ∗ 0.412 ∗ 𝑊 (4)
(𝜖𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 −0.258)( +0.8)
ℎ
1
−
𝜖𝑟 +1 𝜖𝑟 −1 ℎ 2
𝜖𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = +( ) ∗ (1 + 12 ( )) (2)
2 2 𝑊
SIMULATION AND MEASURED RESULTS

return_loss DESIGN2
0.00 Curve Info
Name Freq X Y dB(S(1,1))
m1 2.3648 2.3648 -13.3467 Setup1 : Sw eep
m2 3.5628 3.5628 -25.2181

-5.00
-10.00
m1
dB(S(1,1))
-15.00
-20.00
m2
-25.00
-30.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
Figure 3. Simulated return loss plot of the slotted Antenna resonating at 2.3GHz and 3.5 GHz indicating a value of -13.68dB and
-25.2dB for the lower and the upper frequency bands respectively as indicated by markers m1 and m2 on FR4 substrate of
permittivity 4.4. The Horizontal Axis represents the Frequency(in GHz) while the vertical axis represents the reflection co-
efficient(in dB).
10084
VSWR plot of the Antenna DESIGN2

70.00 Curve Info
Name Freq X Y
VSWR(1)
m1 2.3719 2.3719 1.4768 Setup1 : Sw eep
m2 3.5628 3.5628 1.1160
60.00
50.00
40.00
VSWR(1)
m1
30.00
20.00
10.00
m2
m2
m1 m1 m2
0.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
Figure 4. Simulated VSWR plot of the slotted Antenna resonating at 2.3GHz and 3.5 GHz indicating a value of 1.47 and 1.11 for
the lower and the upper frequency bands respectively as indicated by markers m1 and m2 on FR4 substrate of permittivity 4.4.The
Horizontal axis represents the Frequency(in GHz) while the vertical axis represents the normal value of vswr.
Figure 5. Simulated bandwidth of the slotted antenna resonating at 2.4GHz indicating a value of 0.038GHz..The -10dB
impedance bandwidth is extending from 2.34GHz to 2.38GHz..The Horizontal axis represents the Frequency(in GHz) while the
vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient(in dB).
10085
Figure 6. Simulated bandwidth of the slotted antenna resonating at 3.5GHz indicating a value of 0.08GHz.The -10dB impedance
bandwidth is extending between 3.52GHz to 3.6GHz..The Horizontal axis represents the Frequency(in GHz) while the vertical
axis represents the reflection coefficient(in dB).
Radiation Pattern 5 DESIGN2
0 Curve Info
dB(GainTotal)
-30 0.00 30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='3.6GHz' Phi='0deg'
-5.00
-10.00 m1
-15.00
-60 60
-20.00
-25.00
-30.00
-35.00
-90 Name Theta Ang Mag 90

m1 50.0000 50.0000 2.7168
-120 120
-150 150
-180
Figure 7. Simulated radiation pattern of the antenna resonating at 3.5GHz under H plane indicating a peak gain of 2.7dB. The
radial axis represents the Antenna Gain (in dB) while the angular axis represents the scan angle (in degrees)
10086
0 Curve Info
m1
dB(GainTotal)
-30 -10.00 30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-16.00
-60 -22.00 60
-28.00
-34.00
-90 90
-120 120
Name Theta Ang Mag

m1 360.0000 -0.0000 -7.0175
-150 150
-180
Figure 8. Simulated radiation pattern of the antenna resonating at 3.5GHz under E plane indicating a peak boresight gain of -7dB
under E plane. The radial axis represents the Antenna Gain (in dB) while the angular axis represents the scan angle (in degrees)
0 Curve Info
m1
dB(GainTotal)
2.00
-30 30 Setup2 : LastAdaptive
-5.00
-12.00
-60 60
-19.00
-26.00
-33.00
-90 90
-120 Name Theta Ang Mag 120

m1 360.0000 -0.0000 2.3426
-150 150
-180
Figure 9. Simulated radiation pattern of the antenna resonating at 2.4GHz under H plane indicating a peak boresight gain of
2.34dB. The radial axis represents the Antenna Gain (in dB) while the angular axis represents the scan angle (in degrees)
10087
0 Curve Info
m1
dB(GainTotal)
2.00
-30 30 Setup2 : LastAdaptive
-5.00
-12.00
-60 60
-19.00
-26.00
-33.00
-90 90
-120 120
Name Theta Ang Mag

m1 360.0000 -0.0000 2.3426
-150 150
-180
Figure 10. Simulated radiation pattern of the antenna resonating at 2.4GHz under E plane indicating a peak boresight gain of
2.34dB. The radial axis represents the Antenna Gain (in dB) while the angular axis represents the scan angle (in degrees)
Figure 11. Measured radiation pattern of the slotted Antenna on FR4 substrate (permittivity 4.4) indicating a peak boresight gain
of 3.31dB under E plane at 3.5GHz, as shown by marker m1.The radial axis represents the Gain (in dB) while the angular axis
represents the scan angle( in degrees).
10088
of 3.14dB under H plane at 3.5GHz, as shown by marker m1.The radial axis represents the Gain (in dB) while the angular axis
of 2.63dB under E plane at 2.4GHz, as shown by marker m1.The radial axis represents the Gain (in dB) while the angular axis
10089
Figure 14. Measured radiation pattern of the slotted Antenna on FR4 substrate of permittivity 4.4)indicating a peak boresight
gain of 1.94dB under H plane at 2.4GHz, as shown by marker m1.The radial axis represents the Gain (in dB) while the angular
axis represents the scan angle( in degrees).
Figure 15. Measured bandwidth of the slotted antenna resonating at 4.1GHz (marker 2). The -10dB impedance bandwidth is
extending between 3.94GHz to 4.43GHz as indicated by markers 1 and 3 giving a bandwidth of 0.49GHz..The Horizontal axis
represents the Frequency(in GHz) while the vertical axis represents the nominal value of the standing wave ratio.
10090
Figure 16. Measured return loss plot of the antenna resonating at 2.6GHz (marker 1) and 4.1GHz (marker 2) indicating a value of
-9.0dB and -44.0dB as shown by markers 1 and 2. The Horizontal axis represents the Frequency (in GHz) while the vertical axis
represents the reflection coefficient (in dB).
Figure 17. Measured VSWR plot of the antenna resonating at 2.6GHz (marker 1) and 4.1GHz (marker 2) indicating a value of
2.11 and 1.02. The Horizontal axis represents the Frequency (in GHz) while the vertical axis represents the normal value of vswr.
10091
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 1. Comparison between the simulated and measured value of the Dual band Slotted Microstrip patch Antenna
simulated on a FR4 substrate (εr=4.4 & thickness 1.6mm) for resonating between Wi-Fi & Wi-Max
Sl No Antenna parameters Simulated Measured
1 Resonant Frequency 2.36GHz 3.5GHz 2.6GHz 4.1GHz
2 Return Loss -14.3dB -25.2dB -9.0dB -40.02dB
3 Bandwidth 38.0MHz 80.0MHz 0 490MHz
(2.34GHz to 2.38GHz) (3.524GHz to 3.609GHz) (3.9GHz to 4.43GHz)
4 VSWR 1.47 1.18 2.13 1.02
4 Gain 2.34dB 2.7 dB(H) 2.63dB(E) 3.31dB(E)
(E & H ) -7.01dB(E) 1.94dB(H) 3.14dB(H)
10
-5
-10 Simulated (2.4 GHz)

Simulated (3.5GHz)
-15
Measured (2.4 GHz)
-20 Measured (3.5GHz)
-25
-30
-35
-40
Figure 6.19 Comparison of the Simulated and measured Antenna performance parameters using FR4 substrate for Resonating
between Wi-Fi(2.4GHz) and Wi-Max(3.5GHz).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 490MHz for the lower and the upper frequency bands
respectively.The measured bandwidths were high in the upper
The Results of the slotted antenna have been reported in Table
band when compared to lower band. The measured radiation
1.The simulated return loss values were close to -14.3 dB & -
pattern were characterized by the presence of nulls in both the
25.25dB in the lower and upper frequency bands respectively
upper and the lower frequency bands of interest. The
indicating that the antenna radiates more efficiently in the
measured gains were comparatively higher when compared
higher band when compared to lower Frequency band of
with simulated across both the frequency bands of interest.
interest. The simulated vswr values were close to 1.47 in the
lower band as against 1.1 in the higher band indicating a poor
impedance matching in the lower Frequency band of interest.
CONCLUSION
The simulated and the measured Gains agree well. The lowest
reported measured Gain were 1.94dB under H plane at The Antenna resonates weakly in the Wi-Fi band when
2.4GHz while the highest reported Gain were 3.31dB under E compared to the Wi-Max band.The measured peak Gains
planes at the upper band. The measured Gain variation was were in the range of 1.94dB to 3.31dB. The measured adiation
between the range of 1.94dB to 3.31 dB across both the bands patterns were nearly omnidirectional in the upper band when
.The measured Bandwidths reported were 0 MHz and compared to the lower frequency band of interest.
10092
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Authors would like to thank Dr.Chandrika Sudheendra
Group Director,ADE and Mr.Diptiman Biswas Scientist
F,FTTT division ADE,DRDO for having permitted to carry
out Antenna characterization and measurement of radiation
pattern in the Anaechoic Chamber.
REFERENCES
[1] W. Hu, Y. Z. Yin, S. T. Fan, J. Y. Deng, M. Zhang,
“Compact CPW-Fed Square Slot Antenna For Dual-
Band Operation” Progress In Electromagnetics
Research Letters, Vol. 20, 165–173, 2011.
[2] Ming-Tien Wu and Ming-Lin Chuang, “Multi-
broadband Slotted Bow-Tie Monopole Antenna”,IEEE
Antennas and wireless propagation letters, Vol. 14,
2015.
[3] JianhuiBao ,Qiulin Huang, Xinhuai Wang, and
Xiaowei Shi, “Compact Multiband Slot Antenna for
WLAN/WiMAX Operations”, International Journal of
Antennas and Propagation Volume 2014, Article ID
806875.
[4] Poorwa Bhagat, Prof. Prashant Jain, “Triple Band
Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dual U Slot for
WLAN/WIMAX Applications” SSRG International
Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(SSRG-IJECE) – volume1 issue7 Sep 2014.
[5] M.Z.M. Nor, S.K.A. Rahim, M.I. Sabran& F. Malek,
“Dual-band, parabolic, slotted ground plane-directive
antenna for WLAN applications”Journal of
Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2013.
[6] N.Haider, D.Caratelli, and A.G.Yarovoy “Recent
developments in Reconfigurable and Multiband
antenna technology”, International Journal of
Antennas and Propagation vol.2013 ID 869170.
[7] A. Taksala Devapriya, Gulfa Rani and S. Robinson,
“Dual resonant Microstrip patch antenna using
metamaterial planar structures for S band and C band
applications”, DOI: 10.21917/ijct.2016.0211
[8] Mohamed A. Bassiuny, Ehab K. I. Hamad, Wael A.
Aly, and Mohamed Z. M. Hamdallah, “Dual-band
Microstrip Antenna for WiMAX Applications Using
Complementary Split Ring Resonators”, 2016, 33rd
NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE
CONFERENCE (NRSC 201 6), Feb 22-25, 2016,
Aswan, Egypt.
[9] S.C. Basaran, U. Olgun and K. Sertel, “Multiband
Monopole antenna with complementary split-ring
resonators for WLAN and WiMAX applications”,
Electronics Letters, Vol. 49 No. 10., 9th May 2013.
[10] Rajesh Saha, Santanu Maity, “Design of Dual Band
Patch Antenna by Loading Metamaterial Structure on
Rectangular patch”,International Journal of Wired and
Wireless Communications Vol.3, Issue 2, 2015.
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 11 (2018) pp.

Abstract slotted antenna with Co-planar waveguide feed has been

resonates at 2.7GHz, 7.5GHz with the return loss of -17.27dB,

SIMULATION AND MEASURED RESULTS

m2 3.5628 3.5628 -25.2181

VSWR plot of the Antenna DESIGN2

Radiation Pattern 5 DESIGN2

-90 Name Theta Ang Mag 90

Radiation Pattern 6 DESIGN2

Name Theta Ang Mag

Radiation Pattern 7 DESIGN2

-120 Name Theta Ang Mag 120

Radiation Pattern 8 DESIGN2

Name Theta Ang Mag

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

-10 Simulated (2.4 GHz)

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