RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA WIDE BAND

BAND-NOTCHED ANTENNA

Under the guidance of Prof. TANWEER

SUBMITTED BY
S.VISWAGOPAL
(180938014)
MTECH DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED COMMUNICATION

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(A CONSTITUENT INSTITUTE OF MAHE)
MANIPAL - 576104
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a review of ultra wide band band-notched antennas which rejects certain
frequency ranges

INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the demand for increased data rate for transmission, larger bandwidth, low power
consumption, lower cost makes ultra wide band antenna design a necessity. Ultra wide band
antenna transmits data over a large band of frequencies with very low power consumption. Band
notching in ultra wide band antennas are performed to reject desired frequency ranges. In order
to achieve this, different techniques have been explored by the authors in recent years.
LITERATURE REVIEW
(Rowdra Ghatak et al.,2013) has proposed the hexagonal Y slot fractal shaped antenna exhibiting
ultra wide bandwidth characteristics from 3 GHz to 12GHz. Antenna rejects the 5.15 GHz to
5.825 GHz band. The gain of the antenna is between 1.25dBi to 6dBi and the rejected band gain
is -3dBi.

(Pritam S. Bakariya et al.,2014) presents a compact sized antenna of size 31x22 mm2 using FR4
substrate covering ultra wide bandwidth of 3GHz-15GHz. A rectangular patch at the top layer
with three band notched characteristics implemented by using bowel shaped slot for WiMax
band rejection at 3.5GHz,circular shaped for WLAN at 5.5 GHz notch at the top patch and a
rectangular C shaped at the bottom for X band 7.5GHz frequency rejection.

(Ferdows B. Zarrabi et al., 2015) implements band rejection at WiMax, WLAN and PCS band in
the range 2.18 GHz to 3.12 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 1.78-1.91 GHz range respectively over an
impedance bandwidth of 2 GHz to 11 GHz. A Fractal Koch slot provides a dual notch
characteristics with the feed provided at the back of the substrate. A T stub is designed along
with the Koch slot to provide the third band notch. Maximum gain is attained at 6dBi. And the
minimum notch frequency is at -3.5GHz.

(AjayYadav et al.,2014) uses three slotted rectangular portions to achieve triple band rejection
frequencies at 5.1GHz to 5.8GHz WLAN frequencies and the X band satellite communication at
uplink and downlink frequencies at 7.25GHz to 8.39GHz operating over an ultra wide band
impedance bandwidth of 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz.

A Complementary Split Ring Resonator notches the WiMax band 3.3 GHz to 3.6GHz along with
S structured slot present in the top patch layer of the substrate is used to band notch the
frequencies in WLAN band frequencies at 5.1GHz to 5.8GHz. Band notching is also done in X-
band frequency in the downlink frequency range 7.2GHz to 7.7GHz using Symmetrical Split
Ring Resonator Pair techniques explained in the paper (Ajay Yadav et al., 2017).
A distinctive ultrawide band antenna is presented (Hari Shankar Mewara et al.,2016). The author
designs an elliptical structure merging over the trapezoidal structure and a trimmed bevel shaped
ground plane. Band notched characteristics are obtained from three U inverted slotted shapes in
the top patch and I slot shaped structure is utilized operated over a frequency range of 8 to 14
GHz. The frequency bands that are rejected are WiMax band at 3.5GHZ, ARN band at 4.55
GHz, WLAN band at 5.7GHz and at ITU-8 band 8.8 GHz.

(Hari Shankar Mewara et al.,2017) has proposed a Y shaped five band notched frequencies
using U shaped inverted slot in the top patch and different C shaped slots placed at bottom patch
at WiMAX 3.75GHz center frequency, WLAN frequency at 5.43GHz, X band frequency at
7.87GHz, ITU-8 band frequency ta 8.62GHz, RN center frequency at 9.87GHz over an ultra
wide band antenna ranging from 2.83 to 13.3 GHz.

(MuhibUr Rahman et al.,2018) has presented a paper proposing a compact sized antenna
30x28x0.5mm3 that band rejects frequencies at WiMAX, higher WLAN and lower WLAN
frequencies, uplink and downlink X band frequencies implemented by using combination of
band notching techniques Complementary Split Ring Resonators, Split Ring Resonators and
Defected ground structures. The antenna exhibits excellent VSWR, Gain characteristics.

(Junhui Wang et al.,2014) implements a modified capacitance loaded loop technique to achieve
triple band notch frequencies at WiMAX, WLAN and X band satellite frequencies over ultra
wide band frequencies from 3 to 11 GHz.

(Nasser Ojaroudi et al.,2013) has presented a design where S shaped parasitic antenna is placed
inside a rectangular slot with two L shaped slot to generate band notching performance over a
wide frequency range of 3- 12.7 GHz.

RESEARCH GAPS

1. Compromise in Antenna size and Performance

From the literature survey performed, it was found that higher antenna size was
compromised for achieving high gain, high VSWR values.
2. Complex Slot Structure Techniques
 A combination of slot structures were used to achieve band rejection in different
frequencies which were larger in dimensions occupying the top and bottom layers of the
patch antenna.

3. Matching between Simulated and Measured values

The simulated values for the performance metrics like gain, radiation pattern and VSWR
were not perfectly matching with the fabricated antenna and has considerable variations
in performance due to the various parameters like coupling, leakage current, material
quality etc.
4. Number of Band Notch frequencies are low
In most of the papers, authors have designed for band notching of frequencies upto 4
frequency ranges. Only 2 papers have performed design for penta notch band notching
with compromise in higher antenna size.
5. Band Notching Gains are not high
The band notching frequencies are desired to have a large negative gain indicating sharp
notching characteristics. However, it was found from literature survey that less negative
gain has been achieved
6. Resonant matching condition occurs at higher frequency bands with compromise in
higher width of the ground plane.

CHALLENGES

1. Achieving ultra wide band characteristics is the first challenge that involves choosing
appropriate shapes with corresponding parameters like substrate dielectric, dimensions of
substrate, loss tangent etc.
2. Performing different combinations of slot structures from the ultra wide band structure to
achieve the desire band notch characteristics.
3. Matching theoretical and simulated performance evaluation like gain, resonant frequency,
VSWR etc.
4. Simulated and practical fabricated measurement of antenna matching with minimal losses
due to coupling, substrate material, measurement instruments
OBJECTIVES

1. To obtain high gain antenna with ultra wide band frequency range characteristics.
2. To attain sharp band notching at desired frequencies
3. To design antenna in a compact size with high performance
4. To achieve matching between simulated and measured values in performance
characteristics.

METHODOLOGY

Following are the steps that can be used to design the antenna for achieving ultra wide band with
band notching characteristics.

Selecting Antenna Structure for

Ultra Wide Band Characteristic

Defining Ultra wide band frequency

range and the performance
parameters to achieve

S11 Parameter Plot Gain VSWR Bandwidth Radiation pattern

 1. Design slot structures for band notching characteristics
2. Number of band notch characteristics

1. Simulate the design in Antenna Design Software ANSYS HFSS

2. Compare the simulated and measured performance

characteristics

EXPECTED OUTCOME

1. To design ultra wide band antenna with five band notch frequency ranges.
2. To develop unique slot structures with different combinations to achieve band notch
characteristics.
3. To achieve high gain with compact size antenna for achieving ultra wide band
characteristic.
REFERENCES
[1] Hexagonal boundary Sierpinski carpet fractal shaped compact ultrawideband antenna with
band rejection functionality
Rowdra Ghataka a∗, Anirban Karmakarb b, D.R. Poddarc c,
a Microwave and Antenna Research Lab, ECE Department, National Institute of Technology
Durgapur, West Bengal, India
b ECE Department, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
c ETCE Department, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEÜ) 67 (2013) 250– 255
[2] Triple band notch UWB printed monopole antenna with enhancedbandwidthPritam S.
Bakariya∗, Santanu Dwari, Manas Sarkar. Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School
of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India. Int. J. Electron. Commun. (AEÜ) xxx (2014)
[3] Triple Notch UWB Monopole Antenna with Fractal Koch and T-Shape Stub
1Ferdows B. Zarrabi, 2Zahra Mansouri, 3Navid P. Gandji, 2Hamed Kuhestani
1 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University
ferdows.zarrabi@modares.ac.ir
2Faculty of Eng., Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
zm.mansouri@gamil.com, h.kuhestani@srbiau.ac.ir
3Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, MI,
USA Email: npourram@mtu.edu
International Journal of Electronics and Communications (2015),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.10.001
[4] Slot Loaded UWB Antenna: Dual Band Notched Characteristics
AjayYadav, Member, IEEE, Dinesh Sethi, Member, IEEE, and R.K. Khanna
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2015.12.014

[5] SRR and S-Shape Slot Loaded Triple Band Notched UWB Antenna
#,* Ajay Yadav, #Sweta Agrawal and *Dr. R.P. Yadav
#Dept. of ECE, Global Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
*Dept. of ECE, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Corresponding Author: Ajay Yadav; ajay.yadav.1981@ieee.org
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2017.06.003
[6] A Printed Monopole Ellipzoidal UWB Antenna with Four Band
Rejection Characteristics
Hari Shankar Mewaraa, b, *, Deepak Jhanwarb, Mahendra Mohan Sharma c, Jitendra Kumar
Deegwald
a,dDepartment of Electronics Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Government
Engineering College, Ajmer – 305025, India, M. Tech, hsmewara@gmail.com
bDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government Engineering
College, Ajmer – 305025, India, PhD, deepakjhanwar2001@gmail.com
cDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of
Technology, Jaipur – 302017, India, PhD, mmsjpr@gmail.com
dPhD, jitendradeegwal@gmail.com
*Corresponding author: Hari Shankar Mewara, hsmewara@gmail.com

[7] A Slot Resonators Based Quintuple Band-Notched Y-Shaped

Planar Monopole Ultra-Wideband Antenna
Hari Shankar Mewara a,*, Jitendra Kumar Deegwal b, Mahendra Mohan Sharma c
a,b Department of Electronics Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Government
Engineering College, Ajmer – 305025, India, a M. Tech, hsmewara@gmail.com, b PhD,
jitendradeegwal@gmail.com
c Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of
Technology, Jaipur – 302017, India, PhD, mmsjpr@gmail.com
*Corresponding author: Hari Shankar Mewara, hsmewara@gmail.com

[8] Penta-notched UWB antenna with sharp frequency edge selectivity using
combination of SRR, CSRR, and DGS
MuhibUr Rahmana,b, Wasif Tanveer Khana,⁎, Muhammad Imranb
a Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore,
Pakistan
b Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Signals, National University of Sciences and
Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

[9] Triple band-notched ultra-wideband antenna using a pair of novel symmetrical resonators
Junhui Wang, Yingzeng Yin, Xianglong Liu
Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710071,People’s Republic of China
E-mail: xidian_wjh@163.com

[10]Ultra-wideband slot antenna with a stop-band notch

Nasser Ojaroudi1, Mohammad Ojaroudi2
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Germi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Germi, Iran
2 Young Researchers Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
E-mail: n_ojaroudi@srttu.edu; n.ojaroudi@yahoo.com