Action research is a systematic approach to problem-solving and improvement in various

fields, including education. It involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and
reflecting to bring about positive change. Different models of action research have been
developed to guide researchers in conducting their studies. In this discussion, we will explore
some of these models, including the DepEd Order No. 16 S. 2017, Pelton (2010), Efron and
Ravid (2013), and Philipps and CARR (2012) models.

1. DepEd Order No. 16 S. 2017:

This model is based on the guidelines provided by the Department of Education

(DepEd) in the Philippines through DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2017 which aims to promote and
strengthen the culture of research in basic education by providing guidance in managing
research initiatives at different levels, including national, regional, schools division, and school
levels. This model emphasizes evidence-based decision-making, fund-sourcing mechanisms,
research dissemination, utilization, and advocacy.

It establishes research committees at each governance level to guide research

directions, evaluate proposals, approve research initiatives, forge partnerships, and ensure
compliance with accounting and auditing rules.

2. Pelton (2010) Model

The Pelton model of action research focuses on the process of inquiry and reflection
to improve educational practices. It involves five stages: problem identification, data
collection, data analysis, action planning, and reflection. In the problem identification stage,
the researcher identifies an issue or problem that needs to be addressed.

Moreover, data collection involves gathering relevant information through various

methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations. Data analysis also involves
examining and interpreting the collected data to identify patterns, trends, and potential
solutions. While action planning involves developing and implementing strategies or
interventions to address the identified problem. Reflection is an essential component of the
model, where the researcher evaluates the effectiveness of the implemented actions and
reflects on the outcomes.

3. Efron and Ravid (2013) Model

The Efron and Ravid model of action research focuses on collaborative inquiry and
professional development in educational settings. It involves six stages: problem
identification, literature review, action planning, data collection, data analysis, and reflection.
This model emphasizes the importance of involving multiple stakeholders, such as teachers,
administrators, and researchers, in the research process.

The literature review stage involves reviewing existing research and theories related
to the identified problem. Action planning involves developing a plan of action based on the
literature review and input from stakeholders. Data collection involves gathering data through
various methods, such as surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. While the data
analysis involves analyzing the collected data to identify patterns, themes, and potential
solutions. Reflection is an ongoing process throughout the research, where the researcher
and stakeholders reflect on the outcomes, make adjustments, and plan for future actions.

4. Philipps and CARR (2012) Model

 The Philipps and CARR model of action research focuses on the collaborative and
participatory nature of the research process. It involves four stages: problem identification,
planning, action, and reflection. This model emphasizes the importance of involving all
stakeholders, including teachers, students, parents, and community members, in the research
process. Problem identification involves identifying an issue or problem that needs to be
addressed. Planning involves developing a research plan, including research questions, data
collection methods, and timelines. Action involves implementing the planned interventions or
strategies to address the identified problem. Reflection involves evaluating the outcomes of
the actions, reflecting on the process, and making adjustments for future actions.

---

Learn more:

1. [(PDF) DepEd Order No. 16 S. 2017 Research Management Guidelines | Josenia Tamayo
-
Academia.edu](https://www.academia.edu/39929133/DepEd_Order_No_16_S_2017_Resear
ch_Management_Guidelines)

2. [DepEd Research Management Guidelines -

TeacherPH](https://www.teacherph.com/deped-research-management-guidelines/)

3. [Action Research Process: The DepEd Brand | DepED, Division of Malaybalay City]
(https://www.depedmalaybalay.net/articles/action-research-process-the-deped-brand.html)