Electrical power engineering fundamentals

Final exam, 2017-01-12

Exercise 1
The following circuit shows a balanced three-phase load connected to an ideal balanced three-phase voltage
source through a balanced line.
The load has an impedance of Z = 10 + j10 Ω, we know that u(t) = 282.84 cos(100π · t) V , and the
wattmeters measure W1 = 5291.86 W and W2 = 1308.14 W .
(R,S,T ) is a direct sequence.

1. Find the power consumed by the load and the power generated by the source.

2. Find the measurements of the ammeter A and the voltmeter V .

3. Find impedance ZL . Is it capacitive or inductive? How do you know?

4. Find voltages ua (t), ub (t), uc (t) and current i(t).

1
Solution:
The phasor corresponding to voltage u(t) is U = 200 V .
Power consumed by the load:
|U|2
Sload = 3 ∗ = 6000 + j6000 V A
Z
Power generated by the source is
√
Ssource = (W1 + W2 ) + j 3(W1 − W2 ) = 6600 + j6900 V A

The current that flows through the impedance Z of phase S, from the source to the impedance , is
U
IS = = 10 − j10 A
Z
√
Therefore the ammeter measures A = |IS | = 10 2 A. √
The voltmeter is measuring the line voltage for the load: V = 3 |U| = 346.41 V
The power consumed by the line is

Sline = Ssource − Sload = 600 + j900 V A

And therefore the impedance is

Sline
ZL = = 1 + j1.5 Ω
3 |IS |2
The phase-to-neutral voltage for the source is:

USN = IS (ZL + Z) = 225 + j5 V = 225.06∠1.27◦ V

Therefore:  √ ◦ ◦
UST = Ub = 225.06 3∠(30 + 1.27) = 389.8∠31.27 V


U TR = U = 389.8∠ − 88.72◦ V
c

U ◦
RS = Ua = 389.8∠151.27 V



ua (t) = 551 cos(100π · t + 2.64) V


u (t) = 551 cos(100π · t + 0.54) V
b

u (t) = 551 cos(100π · t − 1.55) V

c
√ √ √
We have that IS = 10 − j10 A = 10 2∠ − 45◦ A and therefore IRT = 10 2/ 3∠ − 135◦ A, and
20 3π
i(t) = √ cos(100π · t − ) = 11.55 cos(100π · t − 2.36) A
3 4

2
Exercise 2
In the circuit below, find the Thévenin equivalent between A and B as seen by the 5 Ω resistor. Use that
Thévenin equivalent to find the power dissipated in the 5 Ω resistor. Find the Thévenin resistance for the
equivalent using 2 different methods.

Solution:
Tensión de Thevenin:

U0 = -2,5 – 12 + 3 = -11,5 V
Req = 1+3+2 = 6 Ohm
Corriente en la resistencia de 5 Ohm: I = -11,5 / (6+5) = -1,04 A
Potencia: P = 5·1,042 = 5,46 W
Corriente de Norton:

     
2+2 −2 0 I1 5
 −2 2 + 3 + 4 −4  ·  I2  =  12 
     
0 −4 4+4 I3 −6
Icc = -I2 = -1,92 A
Resistencia del equivalente: Req = U0 / Icc = -11,5/-1,92 = 6 Ohm

3
Exercise 3
In the circuit below, we know that R1 = 1 Ω, L1 = 10 mH, L2 = 10 mH, and C1 = 10 mF. All sources are
sinusoidal and their voltage and current phasors are Ug1 = 10 − j10 V , Ug2 = 20 + j20 V , Ug3 = −10 − j10 V
and Ig4 = −10 A. The angular frequency is 100 rad/s.
1. Find the voltages for points A, B, C, D, E and F , knowing that point C is connected to ground.
2. Check the power balance in the circuit.

+
+
+

Solution:
ZL1 = j Ω, ZL2 = j Ω, ZC1 = −j Ω

UC = 0V
UB = −Ug3 = 10 + j10 V
UA = UB + Ug1 = 20 V
UE = UD + Ug2
UF = ZL2 Ig4 − Ug3 = 10 V

KCL@D:
UE − U A U D − U A U D − U C UD + Ug2 − UA UD − UA UD − UC
+ + = 0 =⇒ + + =0
ZC1 R1 ZL1 ZC1 R1 ZL1
UD = 40 V
UE = 60 + j20 V

Power consumed by impedances:

2
SL1 = |UDZ−U
∗
C|
= j1600 V A
L1
SL2 = (UF − UB ) Ig4∗ = j100 V A

|UE −UA |2
SC1 = ∗
ZC1 = −j2000 V A
|UD −UA |2
SR1 = R1 = 400 V A

Power generated by sources:

∗ = −100 V A
Sg4 = UF Ig4
UE −UA ∗
 
Sg2 = Ug2 = 400 − j1200 V A
ZC1
UD −UA ∗

Sg1 = −Ug1 UEZ−U A
+ = 400 + j400 V A
 C1
R∗1
Sg3 = Ug3 Ig4 − UDZ−UL1
C
= −300 + j500 V A

Power Balance: SL1 + SL2 + SC1 + SR1 = Sg1 + Sg2 + Sg3 + Sg4