LIGHT ENERGY

I. Define the following terms.

1. Rectilinear propagation; The mode of travelling of light in a straight line is called rectilinear
propagation.
2. Lateral inversion; The property by which the left side of an object appears to be the right side of the
image and vice versa in a plane mirror is called lateral inversion.
3. Point of incidence; The point at which the incident ray meets the mirror is called the point of
incidence.
4. Spherical Mirror; If the reflecting surface of a mirror is smooth but curved, it is called a spherical
mirror.
5. Irregular reflection; When the rays of light fall on a rough surface, the reflected rays travel in
different directions. This is called irregular reflection.

II. Answer the following in brief.

1. Name the complementary colours.

Ans; Red and Green, Red and blue, Blue and green

2. What are different types of spherical mirrors? Describe briefly.

Ans; Concave mirrors and convex mirrors are the different types of spherical mirrors.

In a concave mirror, the reflective surface is inside the sphere.

In a convex mirror, the reflective surface is outside the sphere.

3. Why are the primary colours called so?

Ans; As other colours cannot be mixed in primary colours, these colours are called primary colours.

4. Write the characteristics of image formation of a point object by a plane mirror.

Ans; The image of a point source in a plane mirror is a virtual point image formed behind the mirror. The
reflected rays meet at this point when produced backwards.

5. Name the types of reflection. Explain with the help of examples.

Ans; Regular reflection and Irregular reflection are two types of reflection.

When the surface is smooth and shiny, light is reflected at the same angle as it strikes the surface. This
is called regular reflection. Examples plane mirrors, polished metals, still water etc.

When light rays fall on a rough surface, the reflected rays travel in different directions. This is called
irregular reflection. Examples surfaces of old mirrors, moving water, wall, tree etc.

6. What is a mirror?

Ans; A mirror is a smooth surface on which regular reflection takes place.

 7. List two uses of plane mirrors.

Ans; * Plane mirrors are used in microscopes, telescopes and many other instruments.

* Plane mirrors are used in solar cookers to reflect sunlight into the box.

8. On what principle does a kaleidoscope work. What are its uses?

Ans; Kaleidoscope works on principle of law of reflection of light.

It is used to make new patterns for rugs and fabrics.

IV. Answer the following in detail.

1. write a short note on regular reflection.

Ans; When the surface is smooth and shiny, light is reflected at the same angle as it strikes the surface.
This is called regular reflection. All the parallel rays of light falling on this surface are reflected back in
one direction. The rays of light remain parallel even after reflection. For example, plane mirrors polished
metals and still water have smooth surfaces. However, reflection from their surfaces is regular
reflection. That is why, we observe a glare when sunlight or light from a blub shines on the surface of
plane mirrors, polished metals or still water.

2. Describe the laws of reflection.

Ans; Reflection from a surface follows certain rules. This rules are called the Laws of reflection.

The laws of reflection apply to all kinds of mirrors. The laws of reflection are as follows

First law: The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal ray at the point of incidence lie in the same
plane.

Second Law: The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.

3. verify the laws of reflection with the help of an activity.

Ans; Activity 1 (page no 63)

4. What is dispersion of light? Explain with the help of examples.

Ans; The phenomenon of splitting of white light into several different constituent colours is called
dispersion of light.

We can see the different colours of white light by holding a CD (compact Disc) in the Sun. These colours
are the components of sunlight.

The white light passed through a prism or raindrops, splits into seven constituents colours.

Rainbow is formed when the tiny water droplets in the sky disperse sunlight. First of all, the sunlight
strikes the outer surface of the droplets and enters it. Then, the light ray strikes the inner surface of the
droplet and reflects internally instead of reflecting and moving out. Then the internal reflected ray
strikes the opposite inner surface of the droplet and now refracts and moves out. This rays dispersed
into colours of the rainbow name VIBGYOUR.

5. What is subtraction of colour? Explain.

Ans; The reflection or absorption of a particular colour in the presence of other colours of light is called
subtraction of colours.

White light is flashed on a shirt. If the shirt absorbs blue light, it means only red and green light will be
reflected from the shirt. When red and green light strikes our eyes, it gives the appearance of yellow
colour. Due to this, the shirt appears yellow. This process shows that from a mixture of colours some
colours are subtracted from the original set of colours.

6. What is a virtual image? Give one situation where a virtual image is formed.

Ans; Virtual image is an image formed when light rays coming from an object do not actually meet, but
appear to meat when produced backwards. The virtual image cannot be obtained on a screen. It is
always erect. Virtual images are produced by diverging rays. The image formed in a plane mirror is
always virtual.

Application/Concept Based Questions.

1. You see a rainbow after the rain. Explain its formation.

Ans; Rainbow is formed when the tiny water droplets in the sky disperse sunlight. First of all, the
sunlight strikes the outer surface of the droplets and enters it. Then, the light ray strikes the inner
surface of the droplet and reflects internally instead of refracting and moving out. Then, the internally
reflected ray strikes the opposite inner surface of the droplet and now refracts and moves out. This ray
is dispersed into colours of the rainbow named VIBGYOR.

2. You are looking in a plane mirror. Write the features of your images formed in the mirror.

Ans; The features of images formed in the mirror are as follows

* It is virtual and always upright.

* The image formed is always of the same size as that the object.

* The image formed in the mirror is at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of
the mirror.

* The image shows lateral inversion.

Analysis Based Questions.

1. How will you explain image formation of a point object by a plane mirror?

Ans; The image of a point source in a plane mirror is a virtual point image formed behind the mirror. The
reflected rays meet at this point when produced backwards.
2. Name the conditions required for the formation of a virtual image of an object.

Ans; Virtual image is formed when light rays coming from an object do not actually meet, but appear to
meat when produced backwards.

3. Sunlight strikes on a new steel plate and produces a strong glare. Explain

Ans; Light reflects from a smooth surface at the same angle as it hits the surface. For a smooth surface,
reflected light rays travel in the same direction. Hence sunlight strikes on a new steel plate and
produces a strong glare.

Hots
1. what is the angle of incidence and reflection when reflection occurs from a plane mirror?

Ans; The angle of incidence and reflection are always equal in reflection from plane mirror.

2.what would happen to your image when you step towards a mirror and away from it?

Ans; As we move towards the mirror the image location moves further away from the mirror and the
image size grows. As we move away from mirror, the image shifts towards the focus and
decreases in the size.

Apply your Logic and Answer.

1. why should we not look directly towards the sun?

Ans; Because the harmful rays from the sun affects our eyes.

2. Where in your daily life do you see the formation of real images?

Ans; The image formed on the cinema screen.