Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ilovepdf Merged
Ilovepdf Merged
Sorting fish
Sensors
Y
As
S
P to
Y Salmon
lo.bo.no
Et
Classification vs Regression
Predicting marks stockprices
Sortingfish into various classes
will thestock
go up or down
i Tuna
ji Observation t data
point
Labeled Dataset observation
length
Correct ans
Training
data
mi class
input Model
IIIs
Dataset lows
f obseration
dti dimensional vector
features dimensions
1 3 2 1.5 Tuna
I
obseration
2
3
Salmon
Ah Nx dti
t d feats I day
Mr mom
breadth n
if length t
print Tuna
else
Salmon print Salmon
Tuna
5,0 length
Ce axis line
i im
i
Salmon
Mc model
Equation line
f a
by b ox
I
2 3
y
X I 21 3
y 5
sin Perpe hypo ios base hype
some have
people curly brown hair m
tightly pulled back slope tan a
tan per base
tan O Pb
Standard
form
ax 7
by c o X t
Ey t Ea o
W X twixt we
I y
x
E
a
Equation line in 2D je Ex f
f
a
y y
Generalize to higher Dimension
2D separating line I 55
Wix wax t w x two o
3D ax
by cz d o
separating plane
UD
s separating hyperplane wit twitz t wa xd two to
Wi Xi two 0
w X
111
ETA
I x two 0
W X t we
Xz t wax d
scalar
w Ix t Wo o
f Le option featurevector
weight
in d dimension
collection
of values
a
Victor
anag
list
tape
ax x2 x xd d dimensional vector
X 2 3
2,3 Xi x2
F
H s 11 11 fi
f It 412 norm euclideanDistanceor length
6,07
Length of vector
at
Fixx
Éj
x
p
a
Fei EÉx
Vector addition subtraction
if
x
fi xx
II
X
movement rector
2 DIE
it as first mom along
x 11,4 x then
dongXz
Hyperplanes
Oh
Line passes through 112
point 1,2 lies on the line
1.23 9.5
Epd
Origin x
1 Cia Rb 2a k
a I
o wi AER 2
two o 9
way 9 7
a ER 0,0 o1 op
T d
2,3
4,0 4 in
Wo o Kot Ld o two to
a eat
o
113,7
Wo
X X
prong
ill Hall case
dot
I
can Itta
x2
Exit 5 3
s
x E
i s x2
l I
I s s is
Gigg
30
cos
Hail fest Fy
11 211 Fish Fu
cos
II ios
28.07
1 Cas x
Vtr
g
o
Eq for Hyperplane Gtx two
geometric Interpretation of lg f a
plane
2 0
a 31
hyperplane passing through origin y x to
live 2x 3 0
2D 2
at
x
y
w
s
2 39 0
3D plane
70
w Tx o
all satisfy
a
56 eg fate
origin plan WT
WTxp 0
IT WTX o
I w lolyall cos o o
70 70 T
f
O
Cosa o D 900
cos a base
hypot
a
go 1 11
My 11 11 Cosa a
É
E
Origin d
dis origin
Ext
from Hull.LY two o
lull a two o
wo a llull
It
a
Instead of arbitrary w
Wo a
T Gtx two to
1
unitrecta
distance
for origin
Interpretation
for eg f
a
plan
GTX two o X two o
It
ÉÉ Wix two o
É
ite
Origin
I wTx 00 0
1
11011.11 1 cos a two 0
x o
Tp wo
wt x two o
distance
f point from hyperplane
de brose
I
yE
70
o to a
Egg
20 acoso I wTx two o
ay
b 11 11 a
11 11
Fa
Ixtle
if
FEE i
i
cost
d beso
Fifty
and
if
we
WT x two O
W E Rd x ed Wo E IR
It WTX two D
just plug in x
Lo x lies in ve
half space
wt X two
y 0 X lies on IT
go fun Salmon
observations
featurevectors
find best
Ta
Count the
f mi classifications
connect o
incorrect o
if find so and
y.tt Don pnedsoandy jj
I correct t 1
else
incorrect
I
comet An dataset
accuracy
enon incomet an dataset min
Salmon
Tuna
I
i
i
I
Is
d wi two
dist Xi
y gw
It a
maximize o Tx two
y
1
Ye
find the Ta given D Gigi 3
such that
Ttt.ge is maximized
wow
E Fitt
on
minimize yi
why an we
adding why not multiply
S a
Sz s Sn
dI bz on 0.7 I
1.2 2
4g
3.1 0.7 Y
inf
ifany value is o it will make everything 0
lox slower
Ig sa sa's s lg s
Igs t
lgso
I
144 12 13
I 30
F
6 7 12 10 3
13 in 1
7
12
IT
Tz
6 1,03 t
w w
7,4 92797
a ayes o
1 3 1 a
y E E
or
7 n
T2
w
Cruz co
IT
dirt x
41 4,5
IT passes than IT 4 to
gg II X xD
6
y II x o
a
g
f x
6 o
g f x 6 Ex t 1 y
Gr Wo
w
W X t Oz Xe two o
6
go 6
0
I
8 6
w
No
I
6
1
Zz
Distances
P
P
Pr
x y z
norm Xxpztg.gg
Pr xz y z
Ix
m m ab hint absly
Cosine
Similarity anga bl two vector
msimilakxsxd.ca
Fox 11 111 Ilxell cos 0
Cos D Xi x
t.mn
Il to each other
cos 0 1
iff vector an
M Mr M
d
N Students
Matrix Intut 50fouldot
d movie
g y 0.3 0.7 null
9 3
i
Sn C 3
o d 0.95
1,0 2
Projection
f vector PCA
xd is the projection
f x ontox2
it t.gg ex
Magnitude
I x ll Hallcase
É Direction
unit rector along X2
unit
If
vector along to
it It
IT cos 0
Ila
Ga 1050
I
so
i
ii
Wit Fo
IEEE
5k
Unit vector along to
tf
if
xi Ax ll I
11 11
W Wo w we w
W X t wz two 0
y
y
Ex E
X t y y
Xt y y o
Recap
Vector
I I I
velocity I I I
Jot Is
at 1 3,5 at C 13,5
92 2 6,8 Hal 31 5 5
3,3
9 92 f
Cowl
Op 3 O'a
cows day
Polynomials
E ai x
Pid x aged a xd ta at a
a x
Ptp x
at ba x'd t t
itbixtaotb c.P
d
x c aux t c a x t c a
ur
sun
Fshould alsoSam
be in th
space
a set which is
vector space
f rectos
S ol
Sis closed under rector addition to V ES Ctv Es
X o
1
Lemultiplicative invest
an fait
vector
I hier pay
vector
i
space
o
f
la
auto
space
degree d polynomials
Set f rectors
Satisfies the axioms
analogy
S 2dplane justtakethe 8 8
is Spa vector space I yes satisfies all axioms
v i oil's v to
4s
a bid EIR
I set of all 2 2 matrices
vector
v 130 7 j
if
C
in i 13.1 7 13 1
its
If
a
It It j J
a it b I
1 1
9 It b 2
j 1.1 2
j a 15 6 a tab l
b i o 7
a 13
Is
ax't by c
quadratic
ax C
by linen
d
tey y
Basis a set f rectors
set
f starting rectos fundamental vectors
5 a b EIR A
i f i f
we span
e
i i i f
s
i f it
i I I s
j 3 i
i f j linearly dependent
s
H I b 3a
3x
a b EIR
ft
set D i i
Basis
just
a
f rectors
linear Combination
ng
I
I i
I i
I
x a
j
b tc I
fiji
r
ng span
spanli if p
11,11 x
I
Linearly dependent
a u an linearly dependent
self vector ur un
a i un
U I a U b Vr
v in 2 v
u
i
tenant
u
1 u
i V V2 y
u n f v
I linearly independent
qq.yyg.gg 6 2
2 a o t l b
G a 6 3 b E Ga et a 0
7 a z y p 7 2 Ot d 2
D E
Recap
d dimensional
examples point in a span
Hittitet otitis
polynomials f degree d
p'd A t a x
and Egix
x
act t
Vector a set
of
vectors that satisfy thefollowing 10 axioms
space
vector addition
should be
Space
doh under rector addition
f a tu Es
if u Iu E
is commata u to V tu
Associative dot
c f d I
Basis a Vector
f space
Basis
f S isthe setof vectors 13 3 such
a vector space u u
linearly independent
the entire 5
they should spy space
a Basis
Span of
basis 13 u u
3 is the setof all rectos whim
f an
a
span
echos
licker
Span B
x1 x c u cute wt
Basis with d will span a d dimensional
independent vector
hyperplane in some space
space IR
I B IB
span is E cer
y Idimensiond
1
Ia I ly text wax too
Linear
Transformations
T V W f D c
T is linear
iff it
pesthlmacobinaions
T a t TU TCU e
c T u T Cau
t It
d
I Ji t
j
T T
Tf 35 taj 3 Tfi 3 T
j
T i i Il
T o o
Cj
1 31 D
T
t
1 I 3 18 1
11 1 C
i I
cnn.in
oI o
to 20
ta I
tf TG I
3
T
1
É
O O
BI
F
HI 4
franfornet points
3 13 1
Point
I
3 11 1 fi
2 2 X 2 3
L
2 3
i a
1 i f
1.1 3
ggpypjpy.gg
T as a sin
sing fine cos0
wi
h shear
f notation
g scaling
flglacxi
lotation
JIM
Siding
Recap
vectorspace
a input
Linear Transformation
T V W output vector span
transformation
iff afterwards
Limsstay lines To di G
un Tutt
where does each basis vectorend
T V W A
matrix describing this transformation
Tf A T
Linear
Transformation an like functions can be composed
T Tale A AG CA Az T
S
T oT
Gift
Determinant Matrix only for square matrices
f a
M
f Im f 1.4 2.3
M
f 4 5 G
1m Moo cofactor
Mo
o.o
fofacto moi
M cofactor mm
fatale
tiff
me 4 5 6
c
so
o i 2 o 2
me fast o
if
c
4 5 6
L D
M
f 4 5 G
1m Moo cofactor o.o
Mo ffact moi
M cofactor mm
Mt so a I s I
9.10 517
I 15.191 6 181 2 14 91 6 711 t 3
1 45 48 2136 72 t 3 32 35
3412 9 0
mt 4 5 G
int 2 s
tile of
2 36 92 5 9 21 t d 6 if
12 60 48
48
33
tho
O 1 6 d
M find M 320
as
2 7 I 3 too
1 6 2 11 79
226
181
322
3322
241
100
Subspaces f a H is a
given a
space subspace
H
front for s
D of S should also be in then Swould
U r E n ut v E H have 28
VEM CE IR c v e th Thm then
for any operation
him Image 03
S o
any plan passingthroge origin any
7 g
I1e
ftp.IIF E EIR
I ves
Q R
E abide er
I
is IRS a subspace
f
s No different dimensions
but u as
is
a b cd e Yes a E R
Ig a sabspna.gs
u
I 4s
gf
is a bc d E
f
a s Yes
subspace
gf
is a bc d
EM a
subspace f s No no 8
Yes
at btc d te
of
is a subspanfs
Ig 0
G W X to exit west w o
a
191
I I a
49 o
9Éttd v r o
Ayaz tb tb
is at btc d te 3 a subspanfs No no 5
Ig
all 5
I sappon S digne polynomials
is all polynomials No
f degm 33 a subspace
f s
we can't saythat x x 3 5
Effigy's
X
polynomial
Span Null space
Matrix Row Column
Subspaces
f
a
Space
a
of
0 la o
Ax b
if
0 0 then we have no solution
Column
space I a matt is the setof all possible
linear
f th colume
combination
I 11 al s
la I
1 3
go
a
I 2 6
s
a 9 b
I c
I p
teaming
11 o
f
dimension Col space column spare is all possible
whatspace doth outputrectors live in
rakoff
I
rank 2
a
U cols have
f
we
linearly indigent
dim colspacas n
mI ijn.n
each value in
outfit
span live in a n dimension plane
in dim Rowen
JI
m
Et
M
2 3 Hill
3 din
dinkol m 2 din no m 3
ii
iff A I to Ax
is solution
full hank
rank o
to the trivial solution 5
ft output
rank 0
as x big t c a d
I
AT 3
a b c
1 11
Linear equations
System
f
A x t b C Z d
y System Linear
of
as X
Oz X t bz y Cz z
t b
y C Z dz
da
3 Equations
no intersection no solutions
IT
gift outputs
I
as
by
Ifs
I
f
É
Picture what is the rector I that lands on 5 off
applying the transformation A
gyp
or a solutions
gauss Jordan Elimination Algorithm
Solution to Ax b
determinant A
f
A
rank
f A
Ix 72 5
T
Ly
a
a
z a
l f x
f
b
Create an
augmented matrix
now to convert
Apply operation to
o c d
E i IF f
1 0 1 3 2 7
45
two
Equivalent Systems
if
linear equation
systems
f
A b Ailbe
have fin same solution set then
they an equivalent
I eq z
0 O
n t z d
U o
3g
3 72 5
Ix Ly 72 5 20
O 3 Z d
n t z d
4 g
g x
t3y 0
3g
Ix 72 5
Ly
n t z d
n t o
3g
pivot
g
L t
I
ont
3 0 O
R Ra l R
Ree Re azo R
O
43
1 3
y ay
g
7 35 3
i
RTR as R
0
1
43 7 3
21
3
43
o
54
293
o
f
3
ret 2 R
Rat Rz
ii
O 11 3 73 8 3 miss O o
Rst
5 103 2
15 R
R
X 5 3 Ilc Rs
Ey
t
71,2
Eee
t 22 29
J 2
2 29 2
z 103 10
Row Echelon Aom
Row Echelon fam
141 2
E Io it t iiiit
Eg 23
671 06
If
X 35 19
I Solve
7
g 21719
2x 3g
2
3x 5g o
43021 7 y
3 5
53,1 105 05
0
1 jet It
R R2 3 R
Ip c 0 19 2
t
Jk Ri Ri
I list
x 35 19
g 21119
X I
2x 3g t Z 13
TEE
Ly z 9
X t 32 16
I o 3 16 I o 3 16 p
Ye Rs R
3 2 12
ft 0
o
I
32 5
12
2
9
191217
2
o 32 5
2 1912 p
RFR Er I E E 1 7
s
I 12
912
o 0 0
s 1 5
RE R YR
R R
I
ER 3h la 4
il I
R R
ER
fi g
a 2
y
O o n z E
Consisting
if 1 or a solutions consistent
if O solutions inconsistent
2x By Z 4
x 6
Yy t 32
X 22
Fy t 10
2 3 e s
f
ftp.iigy
I 7 2 10 I 7 2 10
R Rat R
I R R R
4 h m
F
G 11 2 5
2
8
O
6
11 2
11 2 5
5 2
2
8
8
R R I R2
IF
1
o I 51
11
1111
O
0
O
I 5 71
O
11
16 11
O
4 E
4
j Il
O 1 5 11 5
16D11 y 117 16 1
0 O
Z is
fi
o solutions what an tin solutions
fit
s zen
153 21.8
Z E R X 2 1 415 1 Z
Y 1611 5
1 z
E u
y 12
n t
y 13
I C p
H
X 12
y
o I
after reducing we
get
f I É if
It
z is
fru w 3 2g z
g is free a 2
U y h
Gx By K
I life fill
Ree Ret GR
f
n
ka ah
O K 3h
I
med
for th
given system to have a sobeutra are
R 3h 0
5 18 5 30
Determinant scalar value that encodes how match does
the area volume of any shape change by oft
applying to
transformation
M out m
det m 4
detcon o
outer 1 3 t.at
adf.CI
nxn af
6
al
10 I
Leibniz formula
o of
Using Ganas
flimination
of
Properties
f Determinant
Fgm a solution
O solution
At
only definedfor square matias
dit A dit AT
It
if two rows an same data o
if
if R R d d
a d o
Ax
scales a direction b o
F
det A 3
AB
by It axis
on x
first rotate by 30 than scale
III
Multiplying a now with a scalar increases
A b c
a mac a
93 C 93 by C
S
te
a a c
I fair Ita
Ilya Y Y Y a by
cans
Cs
f y I
z b Cz anza baab catz
as b c
as b c
Defiant
when air is th entries
dit A
If 4th
J the
reduced echelonfam
matrix
S IT of all scalars
that an multiplied with
k
E
f feet y
1 0 6 I
1
0 6
I 3 5
I 3 5
re Re R
R
Rat R
I 12 32
i ii t
o 1 9 0 92
912
o 72 13 2
41
I Rs Rs E Re
It g p
0 1 g
2 I 3
l d
e
1
1
Ip'd
dit m
fan
6
45 1
4
2 5 7 70