The 7th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (DAMT)
and 5th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (NCON)
The Guidelines for Evaluating the Production of
2022 Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON) |
Agricultural Innovation Research and Transfer to
Industry of Maejo University
Supatada Chatkaewsueb
College of Arts Media and Technology
Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Supatada_ch@cmu.ac.th
Abstract —For the technology extension process to
commercialization, technology readiness assessment is critical
for increasing awareness and understanding as well as the level
of knowledge that technology owners can implement. Therefore,
to provide the guidelines for evaluating the production of
agricultural innovation research and technology transfer of
Maejo University, the right tools are needed for the technology
of the university that is an agricultural university. The objective
was to identify the problem and present the development of
Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level (AG-TRL) to meet the
appropriate requirements for evaluating agricultural research
productivity at Maejo University, and to be able to evaluate the
research agency's technology to find ways to manage and adjust
the technology transfer process that is appropriate for the
context of universities with agricultural knowledge. This
research uses Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to be applied
in conjunction with Double Diamond Model, find the needs of
technology users and experts, collect demand data, and analyze
the problems of Technology Readiness Level: TRL. The results
showed that the original Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
978-1-6654-9510-3/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ECTIDAMTNCON53731.2022.9720380
used by the agency was mainly suitable for engineering
technology, with the need to assess agricultural readiness,
technology owners and experts needing content to evaluate the
market, evaluating the availability of technology transfer
recipients, evaluating the availability of technology owners
(universities), respectively.
Keywords — Double Diamond Model; technology readiness
level (TRL); Agricultural Innovation Research
I. INTRODUCTION
Today, advances in agricultural technology and innovation
have played an important role in Thailand's economic,
social, and well-being development. Many organizations in
Thailand have focused on implementing agricultural
technology and innovation to gain a competitive advantage
and enhance them, especially Maejo University, which
has declared itself a leading university with international
agricultural excellence. Assessing competitiveness
understands the university's strengths and weaknesses
and improves the quality of its productivity.[1] The
university's gains in competition must be partly driven and
furthered by the university's research into
commercialization.[2][3]
Currently, many organizations in the country use various
levels of readiness assessment to drive quality and ready-to-
commercial use, [4] such as technology readiness level (TRL),
978-1-6654-9510-3/22/$31.00
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Chalermpon Kongjit
College of Arts Media and Technology
Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Chalermpon.k@cmu.ac.th
and local organizations have applied it as appropriate, [5]
such as the Air Force, National Science and
Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand
Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), National
Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), or funding
agencies that have the condition (Technology Readiness
Level: TRL) as a condition of research funding, each of
which differs in the context of its operations.[6]
The above factors show that evaluating the appropriate
readiness for research and innovation plays a vital part in
deciding whether to Make-or-Buy decisions and receive
technology transfers from the private sector. The tool can be
used to assess the availability of technology with only
certain industries, which may not be appropriate and do not
meet the needs of Maejo University's technology and
agricultural innovation. For this reason, the researchers
recognized the importance of having the university's tools to
be the first stage to evaluate the production of agricultural
innovation research and its transmission to the industry.
This research aims to identify problems and present the
development of suitable agricultural innovation technology
assessment prototypes. To meet the appropriate
requirements for evaluating agricultural research
productivity at Maejo University. By presenting a
prototype called Agriculture-Technology Readiness
Level: AG-TRL for experimental evaluation of research
agencies' technology to find ways to manage and adjust the
technology transfer process that suits the context of
universities with agricultural knowledge.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In order to gain an understanding of education and
knowledge transfer, we explored the following theories:
Theories related
A. Technology Readiness Level
TRL is an indication of the level of readiness and stability
of the technology according to the context of use, ranging
from raw materials, key elements, equipment, and system-
wide processes prior to the systematic integration of
technology', with another keyword related to the technology
readiness assessment,[7] or TRA.[8]
Technology Readiness Assessment of Innovation: In the
early stages, the criteria are created based on effectiveness,
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 The 7th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (DAMT)
and 5th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (NCON)
which can calculate monetary value-added, such as cost
reduction, increased productivity [9], along with technological
development possibilities, including equipment availability
and access to resources, technological complexity levels [10],
the likelihood of failure to produce, the compatibility of new
technologies with existing technologies, and patent
opportunities. Due to failed research at the early stages of
commercial extensions often struggles with expanding
capacity on an industrial scale. Therefore, the idea of
evaluating the availability of technology to test the possibility
of implementation consists of 9 steps. By definition, it is
divided into levels 1-9 as follows [11][12]
Level 1: Basic principles observed and reported
Level 2: Technology concept and/or application
formulated
Level 3: Analytical and experimentally critical
function and/or characteristic proof of concept
Level 4: Component and/or breadboard validation in
laboratory environments
Level 5: Component and/or breadboard validation in
relevant environments
Level 6: System/subsystem model or prototype
demonstration in relevant environments
Level 7: System prototype demonstration in an
operational environment
Level 8: Actual system completed and qualified
through test and demonstration
Level 9: Actual system proven through successful
mission operations
Fig 1 TRL level identification and classification [13]
Evaluating the appropriate readiness for research and
innovation plays a big part in deciding whether to Make-or-
Buy decisions and receive technology transfers. From the
private sector,[14] the creation of agricultural innovative
research production assessment principles and transfer to the
agricultural industry requires a framework for identifying the
level of readiness and stability of the technology to provide
appropriate and consistent indications to international
principles for the benefit of acceptance, access,
development,[15] and transfer of technologies that university
researchers can apply or practice in conducting agricultural
research appropriately and in the best interests of it.[16][17]
B. Double Diamond Model
In 2005, Design Council described the Double Diamond
Model as a chart that was further developed to classify the
methods and tools for designing the service.[18] The chart
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shows the divergent thinking process and two convergent
thinking cycles in the design process, giving it a diamond-like
shape or two rhombuses.[19][20] Each rectangle is divided
into two hemispheres showing the workflow as follows.
Fig 2 The Double Diamond Design Process [21]
The first half of the square shows an increase in the amount
of data in the research process, or 'Discover', the first step of
the design. The second half showed a decrease in the amount
of data from the analysis.[22] In summary, the key points
and goals of the service design or 'Define' step in this first
diamond can be counted as understanding the actual data
and analyzing the data systematically so that the team can
summarize the goals or challenges of the project that meet
the needs of the enterprise user and the changes as they are.
[23]
Subsequent steps in the second diamond include
synthesis, creating new service concepts, and developing the
best results available for distribution to the market.[24] The
first half of this second diamond shows the primacy of
solutions and service concepts, which the team developed
in a variety of ways, or 'Develop,' using divergent thinking
to get the largest number of answers or choices possible.
Then, in the second half of the second diamond, It must
combine the good points of concepts into one of the best
services to deliver to the target market or 'Deliver'.[25]
Compared to the UK Design Council's Double Diamond
Design Process, which is divided into four stages: Discover,
Define, Develop and Deliver, there are many similarities to
Design Thinking. To clarify, Stages One and Two –
Discover and Define are steps to deeply understand and
interpret problems to define challenges or set project goals.
Step three: Develop is the process of creating a variety of
new ideas. Step four: Deliver is the final stage of testing
before bringing innovation to market or putting it into
practice.[26] The difference between the two charts is that
the Double Diamond Diagram shows the increase in the
number of data and concepts in stages one and three, and
the number of data and concepts that are aggregated,
screened, merged, or summarized as one in the range of
stages two and four. While Stanford University's design
thinking does not explain the amount of data in chart form,
even in real work it looks and the amount of data
increases and collects the same decrease.[27][28]
In this research, the D4D principles are used as an
important framework for studying, identifying,[29] and
developing assessments of readiness appropriate for
agricultural research and innovation in accordance with the
university's core mission, and university researchers, as well
 The 7th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (DAMT)
and 5th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (NCON)

as the implementation of project activities can be used to In the design of the research, there are 4 parts:
create projects that promote social benefits in accordance with 1. Knowledge audit or identify problems starting with
the international Technology Readiness Level: TRL executive interviews in structured interview formats,
framework suitable for further agricultural innovation organizational document data analysis, and Discover to
research.[31] determine the questions that provide the answers we need,
and use them as open-ended questions to allow the
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
conversation to express additional relevant opinions. It gives
To present Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level: AG- an overview of the changes in the relevant areas and writes
TRL design for experimental evaluation of research agencies them into tables to explain the causes of the problem and its
technology Maejo University to find ways to manage and effects, and then uses the data to analyze the main problems
adjust the technology transfer process that suits the context of and the scope of the research.
the university with agricultural knowledge.
2. Knowledge analysis by using data analysis methods
A. Sample Selection and identifying opportunities for research development under
This research is qualitative research, studying those the scope of Design Methods and Developing Services and
involved in intellectual property operations and technology TRL in an in-depth interpretation of understanding. It is a
transfer at 7 locations, consisting of 1) funding agencies, 2) skill that requires experience and sensitive perspectives and
Universities with intellectual property management units as planning to gather information from relevant parties with
follows: interviews and then use the information obtained for synthetic
Table 1 Reasons for Selecting Case Studies
analysis to obtain knowledge or potential information and the
relationships that arise and the framework of the criteria for
No. Organization Selection criteria consideration.
1 The National Science and The National Science and
Technology Development Technology Development
3. Design and development using the Develop approach
Agency (NSTDA) Agency (NSTDA) is one of under Design Methods and Developing Services, which is a
the top agencies in the concept development criteria or sub-alternative that requires
country. Since it is an agency
to research and develop
divergent creativity to choose as many design ideas as
science works, it is also a for- possible by creating concept tables and linking data to TRL
profit agency. in designing technology readiness assessment criteria.
2 Chulalongkorn University Chulalongkorn University is 4. Conducting and evaluating using Deliver under Design
the number 1 university in the
country and a university with Methods and Developing Services, which screens concepts
a high investment value in and tests for development, is a convergent conceptual process
research and development. aimed at merging advantages and collecting them into final
3 Northern Science Park Northern Science Park is a
network agency that operates concepts. Satisfaction assessments of those involved are also
in conjunction with 7 network assessed, as well as measurements of the effectiveness of the
universities in the north to technology readiness assessment criteria.
drive mechanisms to create
innovation support processes.
4 Chiang Mai University All four universities operate IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
intellectual property
5 Maejo University
management under the A. Problem identification results via External customers’
6 University of Phayao Technology Licensing Office experiences
Mae Fah Luang University (TLO) in promoting the
7
commercial use of technology
Based on studies compiled from documents and
licenses. brainstorming experts, based on the collection of data
obtained from documentary research, literature studies and
related theories, as well as the collection of data from Internet
B. Methodology Design queries, informing them of the activities that occur at each
stage for evaluating the availability of technology to industry,
also known as Technology Readiness Level (TRL), the
researchers were able to synthesize all the data as follows:
TRL 1-2 is a process of innovation, based on basic
research or basic science. At this stage, researchers will need
to constantly adapt to the deployment of new materials,
equipment or new technologies that come in. In addition, the
emergence of new ideas may come from government-
sponsored or private sector projects.
TRL 3 are applied processes that analyze experimental
results or prove elements of concepts only.
TRL 4-9 is a process of prototype preparation and then
leads to testing on consumers before entering the process of
commercial extension.
The problems encountered by evaluating the availability
of technology using TRL tools are not suitable for industrial
use because the research is at a low TRL level because once
Fig 3 Research Design

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 The 7th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (DAMT)
and 5th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (NCON)

the technology is transferred, the private sector or the industry 3 Northern Science Park - Researchers will produce
are not suitable. It will take a budget and time to research and only 3 levels of research: basic
research, apply, prototype.
development to be more consistent with commercial use by 4 Chiang Mai University - Used to evaluate projects
showing the TRL assessment of Maejo University's patent because most research projects
protection registration database for the past 5 years as shown do not mention a final product,
in Figure 4. since TRL level 0-9 will be
available, but the objective
research may not be full scale,
which means that the research
is not good.
5 Maejo University - The problem with Maejo
University is that TRL is
suitable for analyzing only
Patent

certain types of technologies,

6 University of Phayao
7 Mae Fah Luang University
Fig 4 Number of Patent with evaluated using TRL Tools [31]
which may not be suitable for
agricultural technology.
- Most of the problems found
are valuation and cost
collection, where work that
comes from many projects or
jobs that are not typical Deep
Technology can be highly
valued.
- Problems in meta-efficiency
are ineffective, as claimed by
the researchers.

The results of the assessment show that the Technology

Readiness Level (TRL) tool is not suitable for evaluating the By using the above data to synthesize and brainstorm
availability of technology to the industry, as it can be used to Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level: AG-TRL together
assess the availability of technology with only certain with experts through the brainstorming process, which is
industries, which may not be suitable and do not meet the summarized as follows. Point 1: Maejo University's
needs of Maejo University's technology and agricultural Agricultural Research Productivity Assessment Tool should
innovations. For this reason, the researchers recognized the be the availability of infrastructure that supports Agriculture
importance of having university tools to evaluate agricultural Technology to promote the university's agricultural research
innovation research production and transfer them to the and innovation development and enhanced capabilities to the
industry by presenting an appropriate assessment model called industry. Point 2 Availability of Technology Owners
Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level: AG-TRL for (University) Point 3: Technology readiness of entrepreneurs
experimental evaluation of research agencies' technology to or the private sector Point 4 Marketing Readiness, the size of
find ways to manage and adjust the technology transfer the market to make the technology conveyed successfully.
process that fits the context of universities with agricultural To address the problem, the idea was to use The Double
knowledge. Diamond Design Process as a tool to create a systematic
As a result of the process that occurs at each stage of the thought process to help develop and design the presentation of
Technology Readiness Level (TRL), the researchers took Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level: AG-TRL from the
these processes to in-depth interviews from experienced educational-focused understanding phase to analyze the needs
experts involved in the production of agricultural innovation of an attractive target audience for solving problems, aim to
research and commercial industry transfer by collecting data create ideas or build ideas from a variety of perspectives to
from experts who were purposive sampling from different create innovative and problem-solving solutions, developing
sectors. After the interview, the researchers analyzed and ideas to develop and develop them to be practical.
synthesized the data using content analysis principles to
summarize the processes or procedures of the production of
agricultural innovation research and transfer to commercial
industries in the manner of problems and conditions that
needed to be further assessed by the assessment of
technological readiness and innovation as shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Summary of research production issues and transfers to
commercial industries
No. Organization Selection criteria
1 The National Science and - Other non-TRL-based tools
Technology Development provide IP scaling that is a
Agency (NSTDA) question that primarily
analyzes the feasibility of
researchers on one side.
2 Chulalongkorn University - A very common problem
where the worker does not
meet the needs of the market.
It doesn't work in time for
further research. The company
does not have funds.
Researchers didn't have time Fig 5 Conceptual Framework
to get it done.

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 The 7th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (DAMT)
and 5th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (NCON)
In the process of doing so, there are three parts: input,
process, and output. As part of the input process, there is a
discovery by understanding to study the context, analyze the
consideration issues, Technology Readiness Level: TRL, and
the key requirements for evaluating agricultural readiness, the
organizational of agricultural technology analysis content that
is suitable for the target audience, and segmented, categorizes
the similar opinions of the target audience to get an overview
of the needs or problems as shown in Table 2.
The defined procedure is to select the cause of the problem
that you want to solve so that it clearly understands the
problem and selects the main cause that should be addressed.
In conclusion, the guidelines are clearly outlined by specifying
which problem is the only real problem to lead to a
straightforward resolution.
The Development Process evaluates the development of
Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level: AG-TRL
assessment framework prototypes from defined procedures to
synthesis and brainstorming to design Agriculture-
Technology Readiness Level: AG-TRL with experts through
brainstorming processes. It starts by proposing and creating
ideas to find solutions that best meet the needs of the target
audience. Out-of-the-box thinking techniques are used by
brainstorming ideas of agencies, target audiences, and experts
to find creativity to edit and meet the needs of the target
audience. Then use conceptual techniques to frame them by
categorizing ideas and evaluating ideas that have been
compiled in a pattern, then mobilizing opinions again to find
possible solutions or approaches that can be furthered with the
SCAMPER tool, and using The Value Proposition Map to
help design innovative agricultural research evaluation
guidelines and transfer them to the commercial industry of
Maejo University, and create prototypes to present
development ideas to achieve guidelines or procedures for
content layout using Mind map.
The final stage output will be tested by applying models or
prototypes created to the target audience for experimental
evaluation of research agencies' technology to find ways to
manage and adjust the technology transfer process that fits the
context of a university with agricultural knowledge as well as
recommendations to develop and improve it. Then re-apply
the two-diamond design process technique by revising the
data obtained from the test and developing it to meet the needs
of the university.
According to the above study, the Agriculture-Technology
Readiness Level: AG-TRL prototype design model of Maejo
University is shown in Figure 6.
Fig 6 Prototype of Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level( AG-TRL)
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From Figure 6, the Agriculture-Technology Readiness
Level: AG-TRL prototype can be designed from the
application of Technology Readiness Level: TRL in
conjunction with Double Diamond Model to find the needs of
technology users and experts in 4 levels.
Level 1 Concept Presentation, Research Design, Funding,
Research and Development - At this stage, the researchers are
responsible for creating ideas for presenting and designing
research and development by creating ideas for presenting
research, perhaps deriving problems from the private sector or
personal interests or a series of projects from funding sources,
funders of research funding.
Level 2 Intellectual Property Poiling, Technology
Provenance, Market Feasibility Analysis - At this stage, once
the researcher has developed the concept and developed the
research, it will go into the process of protecting intellectual
property, such as obtaining a patent or copyright protection,
leading to the process of developing prototype products and
testing them in both experimental and real conditions in order
to comply with purchasing capacity and in accordance with
market demand.
Level 3 Technology Provenance, Market Feasibility
Analysis, Standardization - At this stage for the commercial
use of innovative products and services, therefore, in order to
develop processes and mechanisms for proving new
technologies and innovations by submitting tests to test the
values carried out by third party audits in Thai and foreign
laboratories to bring the results to certification, as well as to
study the impact of new technologies and innovations on
society to contribute to the design of appropriate regulatory
guidelines, shorten the time it takes to bring new technologies
and innovations to commercial use, and lead to the creation of
standards for reliability such as food and drug administration,
Halal Food, etc.
Level 4 Private companies contribute to the budget for
conducting market research - At this stage, in order to make
the research more complete, it is appropriate that the
private/industrial sectors participate in the product
development grant to test the market and conduct market
testing to bring the information and feedback to improve the
product.
V. CONCLUSION
This research aims to identify the problem and present the
development of Agriculture-Technology Readiness Level:
AG-TRL to meet the appropriate requirements for evaluating
the agricultural research productivity of Maejo University in
a straight and efficient manner. All of which confirmed that
Technology Readiness Level: TRL is used to assess the level
of readiness of the technology. It is also used for assessments
that are suitable for certain industries, and it is also used in
one dimension, namely on the side of the research owner
alone. As a result, in evaluating the availability of agricultural
research, it was not very successful. The use of Technology
Readiness Level (TRL) in conjunction with Double Diamond
Model to extract knowledge and plan new content layouts
will result in the response to the needs of the target audience
and apply the knowledge learned to connect, think, analyze
and be creative by expanding from existing concepts to new
ideas, being able to assess the quality of agricultural research
 The 7th International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology (DAMT)
and 5th ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (NCON)
on the spot effectively and effectively, bringing the best
benefits to universities and target audiences.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to acknowledge the College of
Arts, Media and Technology, and Chiang Mai University for
the use of its facilities.
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