WEEk 6 & 7

Module Content: Divisibility Test

Divisibility Test For 2
A number is divisible by 2 if it is an even number.
Example:
300, 12, 254, 506, and 1008 are all divisible by 2.
Divisibility Test For 3
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits of the number
is divisible by3.
Example:
186,585 is divisible by 3 because
1+8+6 +5+8+5=33 and 33 is divisible by 3, since 3+3=6 which is
divisible by 3.
Divisibility Test For 4
A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its last two
digits is divisible by 4.
Example:
128 and 524 are divisible by 4 since 28 and 24 are divisible by
4.
Divisibility Test For 5
If the ones digit is zero or 5, then the number is divisible by 5.
Example:
300, 505, 2090 are divisible by 5.
Divisibility Test For 6
A number is divisible by 6 if it is an even number and divisible
by 3.
Example:
634,128 is an even number. It is also divisible by 3 since
6+3+ 4+ 1+ 2+8=24 and 24 is divisible by 3 since 2 + 4 = 6 which is
multiple of 3. Therefore, 634,128 is divisible by 6.
Divisibility Test For 7
To find out if a number is divisible by 7, the following steps are
to be done.
1. Double the last digit.
2. Subtract the product in step 1 from the number without the last
digit.
3. If the difference is a multiple of 7, then the number is divisible
by 7.
Note: if the difference is big, repeat steps 1 to 3.
Example:
Is 6,853 divisible by 7?
Double the last digit: (3)(2) = 6
 Subtract the product from the number without the last digit:
685 −6=679.
Since 679 is a big number repeat steps 1 to 3.
Double the last digit: (9)(2) = 18.
Subtract the product from the number without the last digit:
67 −18=49.
Since 49 is a multiple of 7, then 6,853 is divisible by 7.
Divisibility Test For 8
If the last three digits of a number is divisible by 8, then the
number is divisible by 8 or the last three digits are O’s.
Example:
Is 4,912 a multiple of 8?
The last three digits are 912 and 912 = (114)(8).
Therefore, 912 is divisible by 8 and 4,912 is also divisible by 8.
Divisibility Test For 9
A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is a multiple of
9.
Example:
845,721 is divisible by 9 because 8+ 4+5+ 7+2+1=27.
And 27 is multiple of 9.
Divisibility Test For 10
If any number except zero ends in zero, then the number is
divisible by 10.
Divisibility Test For 11
A number is divisible by 11 if the difference (larger minus
smaller) between the sum of the odd-numbered digits and the sum of
the even-numbered digits is a multiple of 11.
Example:
Is 4,972 divisible by 11?
Since (2 + 9) – (4 + 7) = 0
And 0 is a multiple of 11, then 4,972 is divisible by 11.

Module Content:Fractions
The symbol a/b, where a, b ∈ N0 and b ≠ 0, is called a fraction.
The number above the bar is the numerator and the number below
the bar is the denominator.
The word fraction is derived from the Latin word fraction,
meaning “to break into parts”.
Proper Fraction
A fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.
Improper Fraction
A fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the
denominator.
Mixed Number
Is composed of a whole number and a fraction.
Equivalent fractions
Fractions that show the same value.
Fundamental la of fractions
Multiplying or dividing both the numerator and denominator of
a fraction by the nonzero whole number results in an equivalent
fraction.
For all numbers a, b, c, (b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0)
a× b
∧a
a b ×c a ÷b
= =
b b b÷c
Example:
Write an equivalent fraction by replacing the variable with a whole
number.
5 x 16 y
a. = b. =
8 32 72 9
Solution:
5 20
a. = Since 32 ÷ 8=4, multiply the numerator by 4.
8 32

16 2
b. = Since 72 ÷ 9=8 , divide the numerator by 8.
72 9

Property of Equivalent Fractions

a
∧c
The fractions b are equivalent if and only if ad = bc.
(b , d ≠ 0)
d
Example:
15
∧5
Check the cross products to find out whether 25 are equivalent or
8
not.
Solution:
15 5
=
25 8
15 ×8=25 ×5
120 ≠ 125
15 5
≠
25 8

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Adding and Subtracting Fractions with similar or like
denominators
To add or subtract fractions with similar or like denominators,
add or subtract the numerators. Write the sum or difference over the
common denominator.
For a, b, and c ∈ N0, where c ≠ 0.
a+ b
∧a
a b c b a −b
+ = − =
c c c c c
Example:
7 4
Find the difference of − .
18 18
7 4 7 −4 3 1
− = = =
18 18 18 18 6
Adding and Subtracting Fractions with dissimilar or unlike
denominators
1. Find the least common denominator (LCD).
2. Change each fraction to an equivalent fraction using the LCD.
3. Add or subtract the numerators and write the result over the
least common denominator.
4. If necessary, reduce the answer to lowest terms.
Example:
7 3 ,∧5
Find the sum of , .
6 10 12
Solution:

(7 3 5
LCD , ,
6 10 12 ) =60

7 3 5 7 ×10 3 ×6 5 × 5
+ + = + +
6 10 12 6 ×10 10 ×6 12× 5
70 18 25
¿ + +
60 60 60
70+18+25
¿
60
113 53
¿ =1
60 60
Example:
1 4 1
Calculate 4 − 2 +1 .
4 5 3
Solution:
1 4 1
LCD(4 , 2 , 1 ) = LCM (4, 5, 3) = 60
4 5 3
1 4 1
4 − 2 +1
4 5 3
1 4 1
¿ ( 4 −2+1 ) +( − + )
4 5 3
 15 −48+ 20
¿ 3+
60
15− 48+20
¿ 2+1+
60
60 15 − 48+20
¿ 2+ +
60 60
60+15 − 48+20
¿ 2+
60
47 47
¿ 2+ =2
60 60

Multiplication and Division of Fractions

Rule for Multiplying Fractions
To multiply two fractions, multiply the numerators and multiply
the denominators. Write the product of the numerators over the
product of the denominators.
a
∧c
For all fractions b
(b ≠ 0 , d ≠ 0 ),
d
a c a ×c
× =
b d b×d

2 5
Example: ×
9 8
2× 5
¿
9 ×8
10
¿
72
5
¿
36

Rule for multiplying mixed numbers

1. Change each mixed number to an improper fraction.
2. Multiply the numerators.
3. Place the result over the product of the denominators.
4. Express the answer as a mixed number or as a proper fraction
reduced to lowest terms.
Example:
1 7
Simplify 1 × 1 .
2 9
Solution:
1 7
1 ×1
2 9
3 16
¿ ×
2 9
1 8
¿ ×
1 3
8
¿
3
2
¿2
3
Properties of Reciprocals
1. Every fraction, except 0, has a unique reciprocal.
2. To find the reciprocal of a fraction, invert or reverse the
positions of the numerator and the denominator. To find the
reciprocal of a mixed number, first change it to an improper
fraction before inverting it.
Rule for dividing fractions
If a, b, c, and d ∈ N0, and if b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0, d ≠ 0, then
a c a d
÷ = × .
b d b c
Example:
35 5
Simplify ÷ .
6 3
Solution:
35 5
÷
6 3
35 3
¿ ×
6 5
7 1
¿ ×
2 1
7
¿
2
1
=3
2