Questions

Answer any FOUR questions, each question is 15 marks.

Q)1 Do as required in parentheses.

1. I prefer to travel by train. Travelling by plane is fast and safe.

(Rewrite the sentence using a subordinating conjunction of contrast.)
While/Although travelling by plane is fast and safe, I prefer to travel by train.

2. The library does not contain any studies which deal with pollution.
(Change the adjective clause to an adjective phrase.)
The library does not contain any studies dealing with pollution

3. ------------- you do it is fine. (Supply an appropriate ever word.)

However you do it is fine.

4. The time of the president's departure was a secret.

(Restate the sentence, using a noun clause as the subject.)
When the president departed was a secret.

5. Wanting to be brave, I simply smiled.

(Change the reduced phrase to a full adverb clause.)
When I wanted to be brave, I simply smiled.

6. ……..I enjoy fall, I prefer summer ................. the trees and flowers are in bloom.
(Insert appropriate subordinating conjunctions.)
Although…..I enjoy fall, I prefer summer ……because…… the trees and flowers
are in bloom.

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Questions

Q/2 Find the mistake in each sentence below and correct it.

1. He didn't tell me how long he will be going.

He didn't tell me how long he would be going.

2. Toyota is a make of Japanese car.

Toyota is a Japanese make of car.

3. My brother is a doctor who lives in Texas.

My brother who lives in Texas is a doctor.

4. Sediq Kenos who is an excellent student is from Libya.

Sediq Kenos, who is an excellent student, is from Libya.

5. Those are the latest results

These are the latest results

6. A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct

Tigers are in danger of becoming extinct

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Questions

Q/3 Compare

1. A. She looks as if she is sick.

B. She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
‘As if’ is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce an adverb clause of
manner. In the first clause, it is followed by a present verb which means it is
might be true that she is sick. In the second sentence, the past perfect is used
meaning its untrue and that she did not see a ghast but she is shocked.

2. A. Come and look at the horses.

B. Horses are my favorite animals.
The word ‘horses’ is a plural count noun. In the first sentence, it is preceded
by that which means it refers to specific and definite horses. In the second
sentence, ‘horses’ has a generic meaning the horses in general are his favorite
animals.

3. A. I have mended the car this morning

B. I have been mending the car this morning.
The first sentence means that I've finished mending the car this morning. The
present perfect refers to an activity has continued up to the recent past. The
second sentence means I'm still mending the car and the job may not be
finished. The present perfect progressive with event verbs refers to an action
continuing into the present.

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Questions

4. A. she complimented all member of the winning team.

B. She complimented every member of the winning team.
The first sentence has distributive word “every” suggests that she spoke to
each member of the team separately. The second sentence has a conclusive
word “all” suggests that she made one speech addressing all members of the
team at once.

4. A. she complimented each member of the winning team.

B. She complimented every member of the winning team.
‘Each’ and ‘every’ have distributive meaning and pick out members of a
group singly, rather than look at them all together meaning that she spoke to
each member of the team separately. 'Each' suggests that the team has only
two members while every suggest that the team has more than two members.

5. A. She lives with her mother.

B. She's living with her mother.
The tense of the first sentence is a present simple. It is a present habit that
means that she lives with her parents permanently. The tense of the second
sentence is a present continuous. It means that she is living with her parents at
the moment or living temporary because with state verb, progressive
emphasizes on the limited duration of time.

6. A. I didn't have any lunch today. 6789

B. I haven't had any lunch today.‫م‬8; ‫رع‬8>9
In the first, the past tense is used when the past happening is related to
definite time in the past and there is a gap between the time referred to and
the present moment. So the sentence means that he did not eat lunch but now
he is full. In the second sentence, the tense is a present perfect. The present
perfect means the past happening related to present time and he is probably
still hungry.

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Questions

Q/4 Give the correct tense or form of the verb in parentheses.

1. He has been eating since the server (put) out the food. put
2. Unless the lessons (be) very cheap, I won't be able to take any. are
3. The girl (drown) but at the last moment I rescued her. Was drowning
4. She recommends that he (be) at the store as early as possible. be
5. Whether or not they stay (make) no difference to me. makes
6. Sixty-six courses (be) held so far. Has been
7. The meeting was held late in the day in order that the students from the other
campus attend.
8. My thirty-year-old sister sometimes acts as if she (be) thirteen. were
9. The government (have) never made up its mind. has
10. The house (be) empty for several months when we bought it. Had been
11. The French (be) friendly. Are
12. Next Thursday at 14.00, there (be) an English exam. Is

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Questions

Q/5 Give a sentence to illustrate each of the following.

1. Exclusive 'we.
We've enjoyed meeting you.

2. "Be going to' to indicate the future as a fulfillment of the present.

He’s going to be a doctor when he grows up.

3. A special unit noun

I ate a bar of chocolate.

4. A suggestion about the future.

5. A proper noun used as a mass noun.

6. An adjective clause modifying an entire sentence.

John made high grades on his exams, which made his parents happy.

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Questions

QI/ Explain the back-pointing use of "the" with examples.

Back-pointing use of (the) means that the identity has been established by an
earlier mention with an indefinite article, in another word (The) is used for
something previously mentioned,
Ex: - Yesterday I read a book . . . the book was about space travel.
- A man and a woman were sitting opposite me. The man was American, but I
think the woman was British.

Q2/ Compare each pair of sentences:

l- a/ the English are proud of their history.
b/ the Englishman in our neighborhood are proud of their history.
The word (English) in the first sentence represents a nationality adjective
ending in sibilant –sh. We also use ‘the’ before the nationality adjective to
denote a generic meaning. It refers to a people as a whole. (The Englishman)
in the second sentence refers to specific meaning to an English man in our
neighborhood.

2. a/ This is what Charles had said.

b/ This is what he wrote:
The demonstrative ( this) in the first sentence is used as a pointer word that
can point to something mentioned earlier or can be back- pointing. But the
demonstrative (this) in the second sentence is used as a pointer word that can
be point to something to be mentioned later or forward-pointing.

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Questions

3- a/ I'd like a boiled egg for my breakfast.

b/ I'd prefer some scrambled egg on toast, please.
( a boiled egg) in the first sentence is a count noun. Many food nouns a count
when they refer to the article in its whole state, but ( scrambled egg) in the
second sentence refers to the food in the mass state.

Q3/ Give a sentence to illustrate each of the following:

l- A mass noun in a generic form.
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

1- Adjective with generic "the” to refer to a class of people.

It should be good hospital for the sick.

3- Reference to word of inclusive meaning.

All good teachers study their subjects carefully.

Q4/ Explain why the following sentences are incorrect, then correct them:
l- A Toyota is a make of Japanese car.
A Toyota is a Japanese make of car. (because we usually place adjective and
other modifiers before the species noun rather than the noun which follows
(of)).

2- She kissed her mother on every cheeks.

She kisses her mother on both cheeks. (because (every) is used with singular
form not with plural)

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Questions

Answer the following questions.

Q/l (4 marks) Decide if the sentences correct or incorrect. If the sentence is

incorrect, correct it and explain why it is incorrect.

1. That cake is smelling good. Incorrect

The state verb ‘smell’ is a non-progressive verb of perception which cannot be

used in the progressive aspect. That cake smells good.

2. 'The priceless tapestry would catch fire, but the firemen saved it. Incorrect

Would is used with the fulfilled future in the past but here the action is not
fulfilled. For unfulfilled future in the past, we can use were going to.
'The priceless tapestry was about to catch fire, but the firemen saved it

3. I am tired. I am going to have a nap. Incorrect

"Be going to" refers to intention that results from a present intention. Here,
we should use "will" to refer to intention raised at the time of speaking.
I'm tired. I will have a nap.

4. In that case. I will change my plan. Correct

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Questions

Q/2 (6 marks) Give a sentence to illustrate each of the following:

l. A habit in period leading the present time.

Jane has attended lectures regularly this term.

2. A mental activity verb.

I’m thinking about what you said.

3. The use of the progressive aspect to convey a sense of disapproval.

Those children are always getting into trouble.

4. A definite time in the post identified by the context outside language.

Did the postman bring any letters?

5. A past event with a result in present time.

The taxi has arrived

6. One event following another in the

Sally had started a business and made a lot of money.

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Questions

Q\3 (4 merks) Outline difference between the following sentences.

l. A. He was in prison for ten years.

B. He has been in prison for ten years.

The first sentence means that (I've finished the story). The present perfect
refers to an activity has continued up to the recent past. The second sentence
means (I'm still reading the story). The present perfect progressive with event
verbs refers to an action continuing into the present.

2. A. doctor has been feeling her pulse.

B. He says it feels normal.

In the second sentence, the state verb ‘feel’ is used as a non-progressive verb
denoting a state of affairs. However, ‘feel’ is used in the first sentence as a
progressive verb expressing activity meaning.

Q\4 (6 marks) Complete the following sentences choosing the correct future
tense form for the verb in brackets:

1. The English lesson ……starts……. (start) at 8:45.

2. we …are going to have……… (have) dinner at seaside restaurant on Sunday.
3. It …will snow ....... (snow) in Brighton tomorrow evening.
4. Paul …... is flying/ is going to fly ....... to London on Monday morning.
5. Wait! I ……will drive ......... (drive) you to the station.
6. Don't call her at seven o'clock — she …will be eating ... (eating) her lunch.

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Questions

Give a sentence to illustrate each of the following:

1- Future seen from a viewpoint in the past. ( Future in the past )

I was going to tell him, but he didn't give me a chance.

2- A verb used in the progressive to denote a momentary event .

Someone was Knocking at the door.

3- Past in the Future .

By this time next week, I will have worked on this project for twenty days.
By next Sunday, I will have finished my work.

4- Past event before past time. Past before past / past perfect /
I had played football and broke my leg.
The house had been empty for several months when we bought it.

5- Temporary Habit.
I'm playing golf regularly these days.

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Questions

Q2 // Compare each pair of the followings :

2- ( He lives with his parents )
( He is living with his parents )

The tense of the first sentence is a present simple. It means that he lives with his
parents permanently. The tense of the second sentence is a present continuous. It
means that he is living with his parents at the moment or temporary (with state
verb, progressive emphasizes on the limited duration of time).

2- ( He was in prison for four years )

( He has been in prison for four years)

- In the first, the past tense is used when the past happening is related to definite
time in the past. So the sentence means that he is out now. In the second sentence,
the tense is a present perfect. The present perfect means past happening related to
present time. ( He's probably still in the prison).

3- ( I've read the story )

( I've been reading the story )
The first sentence means that (I've finished the story). The present perfect refers to
an activity has continued up to the recent past. The second sentence means (I'm
still reading the story). The present perfect progressive with event verbs refers to
an action continuing into the present.

4. (He became unconscious ) Become = event

(He remained unconscious) remained = state
The verb in the first sentence is an event verb with a definite beginning and end.
But the verb in the second sentence is a state verb which means continues over a
period.

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Questions

5- ( I think I’ll faint )

( I'm going to put a coat on )

The first sentence refers to the expectation future that will happen soon. But the
second sentence refers to a Future resulting from a present intention.

Q3/ show the meaning expressed through tense and aspect in the following
sentences:

1- I'm about to write the director a nasty letter .

Nearest future.

2- She belongs to the transport and General Workers ' Union .

Verb refers to a state of being.

3- I declare the meeting closed.

Present event

4. It snows a lot in Canada. Event /

Present habit

5- She was cooking the dinner.

- temporary

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Questions

Answer the following questions.

Q/l Combine the sentences using the conjunction in brackets.

There was traffic on the way home. We got home late. (So …… that)
There was so much traffic on the way home that we got home late.

2. I'm afraid of flying, I still I have to. (while)

While I'm afraid of flying, I still I have to.

Q/2 Compare.

l. A. Amy has wanted to be a teacher since she was a child.

B. Amy will probably be a good teacher since she loves teaching.
Since is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce adverb clauses of
reason and time. In the first sentence, it introduces an adverb clause of time
while in the second sentence it introduces an adverb clause of time.

2. A. She looks as if she's going to fall.

B. She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
‘As if’ is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce an adverb clause of
manner. In the first clause, it is followed by a present verb which means it is
might be true that she might fall. In the second sentence, the past perfect is
used meaning its untrue and that she did not see a ghast but she is shocked.

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Questions

Q/3 Change the adverb clause to a reduced phrase.

I. Before we left, we had forgotten to check the gas gauge.

Before leaving, we had forgotten to check the gas gauge.

2. When I got in the taxi, the taxi driver asked me where I wanted to go.
When I got in the taxi, the taxi driver asked me where I wanted to go.

Q/4 Do as required in parentheses.

Please keep this number handy in order that we …may .........help you if a
problem arises.
(Insert a modal auxiliary.)

2. ……Wherever .......... it's sunny and warm, I'm happy.

(Insert a subordinating conjunction of place.)

3. The thirteen-year-old drove as though she ……had been driving…….

(drive) all her life.
(Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense.)

4. Ray hasn’t asked Sylvia to marry him ……since he is not certain if she
accepts his proposal \ because he is broken \ since he has no money …….
(Complete the sentence with an adverb clause of reason.)

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