GEOGRAPHY - Le. 4 .

AGRICULTURE

1. What is agriculture?
Ans. The cultivation of soil, raising crops and rearing livestock including animal
husbandry, forestry, pisiculture, etc. is called agriculture.
OR
Agriculture is an economic activity related to cultivation of crops, rearing of livestock
including animal husbandry, pisiculture, apiculture, etc.

2. Why agriculture is called the main stay of Indian economy?

OR
What is the importance of agriculture in Indian economy?
OR
Why agriculture is called the backbone of Indian economy?
OR
What is the contribution of agriculture to Indian economy, output and employment?
Ans.1. Agriculture provides food to over 1027 million people
2. About 67% of Indian population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture
3. It provides raw material to the industries
4. It earns foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products
5. It contributes to 29% to the GDP.

3. Why India is agriculturally an important country?

Ans. India is agriculturally an important country because 2/3rd of its population are
engaged in agricultural activities.

4. Why agriculture is primary activity?

Ans. Agriculture is primary activity because it produces most of the food that we
consume. Besides, food grains it produces raw material for various industries.

5. What has brought about significant change in cultivation method?

Ans. Over the years, cultivation methods have changed significantly depending upon
characteristics of physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural
practices.

6. Name two main different types of farming practiced in India?

Ans.1. Subsistence farming 2. Commercial farming

7. Differentiate Subsistence farming and Commercial farming.

Ans.
Subsistence farming Commercial farming
It is a type of farming in which farmer and It is a type of farming in which crops are
his family raise crops for house grown for trade
consumption It is practiced on large farms
It is practiced on small farms It is capital intensive
It is labour intensive New technology and new implements are
Old technology and old implements are used
 used

8. What are the main features of Primitive Subsistence farming?

Ans.1. It is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe,
dao and digging sticks and family/community labour.
2. This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and stability
of other environmental condition to the crops grown.

9. What are the main features of intensive subsistence farming?

Ans. 1. It is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
2. It is labour intensive farming where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation
are used for obtaining higher production.
3. The farmers take maximum output from the limited land which in turn put enormous
pressure on agriculture land.

10. Write a note on Commercial farming.

Ans. 1. It is practiced on big size farms.
2. Higher doses of modern inputs like HYV seeds, Chemical fertilizers, insecticides
and pesticides are used to obtain higher productivity.
3. Crops are sold in the market or exported to other countries.
4. The degree of commercialization of agriculture varies from one region to another.
Eg. Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab but a subsistence crop in Orissa.

11. What is slash and burn agriculture or shifting cultivation or jhum cultivation?
Mention any four characteristics of shifting agriculture? Why is it being discouraged?
Ans. It is a type of agriculture in which farmers clear a patch of land and use it for
growing crops for two or three years. When the soil looses its fertility, the farmer shifts
to a new land. The crops commonly grown in this type of farming are paddy, maize,
millets and vegetables and the yield per hectare is very low.
Characteristics:-
1. Patch of land is cleared by cutting and burning the trees (slash and burn). This is
called jhumming.
2. Farmers depend on monsoon and natural fertility of the soil.
3. Yield per hectare is very low because no fertilizers manure and modern inputs are
used.
4. After two to three years, the clearing is abandoned as the yield decreases due to the
loss of soil fertility.
It is being discouraged because it leads to deforestation and soil erosion.

12. What do you understand by Plantation?

Ans. 1.Plantation is a type of commercial farming in which a single crop is grown in
large area.
2. Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
 3. Plantation covers large tracts of land using capital intensive inputs and with the
help of migrant labourers.
4. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.

13. Name the plantation crops grown in Assam, Karnataka and North Bengal.
Ans. The major plantation crop of Karnataka is coffee. The major plantation crop of
Assam and North Bengal is tea.

14. What are the main characteristics of Plantation agriculture?

Ans. Plantation requires
1. Huge capital investment.
2. Large tracts of land.
3.Capital intensive inputs
4. Modern and scientific techniques of cultivation.
5.It is carried on with the help of migrant labourers.

15. Mention the factors which play an important role in the development of plantation?
Ans. Well developed network of transport and communication connecting the
plantation areas, processing industries and market plays an important role in the
development of plantation.
16. Name some plantation crops.
Ans. Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cardamom, Sugarcane, Banana, etc.

17. Name the agricultural seasons or cropping seasons of India and main crops of each
season.
Ans. The agricultural seasons of India are
1. Kharif season
2. Rabi season
3. Zaid season
Kharif Season: The crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of
the country and are harvested in September-October.
Crops: Rice, Maize, Millets, Cotton, Ground nut, etc.
Rabi season: The crops are sown in winter from October - December and are
harvested in summer from April to June.
Crops: Wheat, Barley, Gram, Oil seeds, etc.
Zaid Season: It is a short season between Rabi and Kharif during the summer months.
Crops: Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables, fodder, etc.

18. Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi crops.

Ans.
Kharif Rabi
1. Growing season – with the onset of 1. Sowing season – In Winter from
monsoon. October to December.
2. Harvesting season - September – 2. Harvesting season – April – June.
October. 3. Crops grown – Wheat, barley, peas,
 3. Crops grown – Paddy, maize, jowar, gram, mustard, linseed, etc.
bajra, soybean, ground nut, etc.

19. Differentiate Intensive and Extensive farming?

Ans.
Intensive farming Extensive farming
1. This is done in thickly populated 1. This is done in thinly populated areas.
areas. 2. Production is increased by bringing
2. Production is increased by using more and more area under cultivation.
higher inputs and new techniques.

20. Name the two important factors which help in the growth of Rabi crop?
Ans.1. Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate
cyclones and
2. The Success of Green Revolution in Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and
parts of Rajasthan are the important factors which help in the growth of Rabi crop.

21. What do you understand by ‘ Aus’ , ’ Aman’ , ‘ Boro’ ?

Ans.In the states of Assam, West Bengal and Orissa, three crops of paddy are grown
in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.

22. Mention the categories of crops grown in India.

Ans.Crops of India.
1. Food Crops:- Rice, Wheat, Millets, Maize and Pulses.
2. Food Crops other than grains:- Sugarcane, Oil Seeds, Tea and Coffee(Beverage
crops).
3. Horticulture Crops:- Fruits like Mangoes, Oranges, Bananas, Guava, Pineapples, etc.
and vegetables like pea, cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato
4. Non-Food Crop:- Rubber, Fibre Crops:- Cotton and Jute.

23. Which are the two staple good crops of India? Compare and contrast the
geographical conditions required for their growth.
Ans. Rice and Wheat are the staple food crops of India.
Rice Wheat
1.Temperature: Above 250 C and high 1. Temperature: Requires cool growing
humidity. season and a bright sunshine at the
time of ripening.
2. Rainfall: Above 100 cm 2. Rainfall: Between 50 and 75 cm
3. Soil: Alluvial soil 3. Soil: Black or alluvial soil
4. Largest producer: West Bengal 4. Largest producer: Uttar Pradesh
5. Higher yield per hectare – Tamil 5. Higher yield per hectare – Uttar
Nadu Pradesh

24. Name the rice growing regions of India.

 Ans. Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the
deltaic regions. In the areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar
Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan, development of dense network of canal irrigation
and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice.

25. Name the two important wheat growing zones in the country.
Ans. The Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and black soil region of the Deccan.

26. What are millets? Why are they an important food crop in India?
Ans. Millets are coarse grain crops with high nutritional value. Millet is a Kharif and
rain fed crop. India is the largest producer of millets in the world with the share of 33%
in the total production. They are also known as poor people’ s main cereal crop.

27. Name some Millets grown in India.

Ans. Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India.
Leading producers:
Jowar:- Maharashtra
Bajra:- Rajasthan
Ragi:- Karnataka

28. State the geographical conditions required for the growth of millets?
Ans.1. Jowar is a rain fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs
irrigation.
2. Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil.
3. Ragi is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow
black soils.

29. State the geographical requirement for maize cultivation. Mention the main
producers in India.
Ans. 1. Maize is used both as food and fodder.
2. It is a Kharif crop
3. It requires temperature between 210C – 270C
4. It grows well in old alluvial soil
5. Major maize producing states are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh.
6. It is grown in rabi season in some states like Bihar etc.

30. What has led to the increase in production of agricultural crops in India?
Ans. The use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers and irrigation have
contributed to the increase in the production of agricultural crops in India.

31. Name some pulses grown in India?

Ans. The major pulses grown in India are Urad, moong, masur, peas and gram. They
are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
32. Why are pulses grown in rotation with other crops?
Ans. Pulses except arahar are leguminous crops which help in restoring soil fertility by
fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore pulses are mostly grown in rotation with other
crops.
33. Name the major pulses producing states in India?
Ans. The major pulses producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Karnataka and Rajasthan.

34. Describe the geographical requirement for the growth of sugarcane.

Ans. 1.Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop.
2.It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 210C – 270C
3. It requires an annual rainfall between 75cm – 100cm.
4. It can be grown on a variety of soil and needs manual labour from sowing to
harvesting.
5. It exhausts the fertility of soil and hence the use of manure is essential
6. The leading producers are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, etc.
7. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil.

35. Name the oil seeds produced in India. What is their economic importance?
Ans. Main oil seeds produced in India are groundnuts, mustard, coconut, sesamum,
soya bean, castor, cotton, linseed and sunflower. India was the second largest
producer of groundnut in the world after China.
Economic importance:
1. Oilseeds cover approximately 12 percent of the total cropped area.
2. Most of the oil seeds are edible and used in cooking.
3. Some of these are also used as raw material in the production of soaps, cosmetics
and oil paints.
4. Oil cake which is a byproduct is an excellent cattle feed and is also used as
fertilizers.
Note:
1. Two oil seeds grown as Kharif crops are groundnut and sesamum
2. Kharif crop in north and rabi crop in south – sesamum
3. Grown both as Rabi and Kharif crop – castor seed
4. Oil seeds which accounts for about half of the major oilseeds produced in the
country- Groundnut-Leading producer- Gujarat followed by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil
Nadu.
5. Linseed and mustard are rabi crops.
36. Name two beverage crops of India.
Ans. Coffee and Tea.
37. Compare the geographical requirements for the growth of Tea and Coffee.
Ans.
Tea Coffee
1. It grows well in tropical and 1. It requires tropical climate with
sub-tropical climates endowed with temperature between 150C - 280C.
 deep and fertile well-drained soil. 2. It requires well drained loamy soil with
2. It requires moist and frost-free climate humus.
through the year
3. It requires frequent showers evenly 3. It requires well distributed rainfall.
distributed over the year to ensure
continuous growth of tender leaves. 4. Leading producers: Karnataka, Kerala,
4. Leading producers: Assam and West Tamil Nadu
Bengal

38. Name the factors which ensure the continuous growth of tender tea leaves.
Ans.Frequent showers ensure the continuous growth of tender tea leaves
39. Explain the main features of tea cultivation?
Ans.1. India is the third largest producer of tea in the world after China and Turkey.
2. Tea cultivation is a labour intensive industry
3. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour
40. Why is tea processed within the tea garden?
Ans. Tea is processed within the tea garden to restore its freshness.
41. Write a note on coffee variety produced in our country.
Ans. India produced 3.2 % of the world coffee production.
Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality.
The Arabic variety initially brought from Yemen is produced in the country.
This variety is in great demand all over the world.
Initially its cultivation was introduced on the Baba Budan Hills.
Today its cultivation is confined to the Nilgiris.
42. What is horticulture? State its importance.
Ans.1. Horticulture refers to the specialized cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers on
a large scale.
2. These are exported and they bring a lot of foreign exchange.
3.India produces about 13% of the world’ s vegetables.
4. It is an important producer of pea, cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and
potato.
Fruit Leading producer
1. Mango Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal
2. Orange Nagpur, Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya)
3. Banana Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, Tamil
4. Lichi and Guava Nadu
5. Pine apple Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
6. Grapes Meghalaya
7. Apples, Pears, Apricots, Walnuts Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh
43. Explain the geographical requirements for the growth of Rubber?
Ans.1. Rubber is an equatorial crop but under special conditions it is also grown in
tropical and sub-tropical areas.
2. Rubber requires constant temperature above 250C
 3. The plant needs heavy and well distributed rain fall more than 200 cm throughout
the year
4. It grows well in deep alluvial soil with good drainage
5. Kerala is the leading producer of rubber. It accounts for 91% of total area under
rubber cultivation
6.The other producers are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar islands and
Garo hills of Meghalaya.
44. What is the importance of Rubber for Indian economy?
Ans. 1. India ranks fourth among the world’ s natural rubber producers
2. Rubber is an important industrial raw material.
3. It is used in auto tyres and tubes industry.
4. It is a major input for footwear industry.
5. India earns foreign exchange by exporting rubber and rubber products.
45. Name the four major fibre crops grown in India.
Ans. Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the major fibre crops grown in India.
46. What is sericulture?
Ans. Rearing of silk worms for producing silk fibre is called sericulture.

47. Compare the geographical requirements for the growth of cotton and jute?
Ans.
Cotton Jute
1.Cotton requires more than 210 C of 1. Jute requires a temperature of 300 C.
temperature.
2. 50 – 100 cm of rainfall is required for 2. About 150cm of rainfall is required for
the growth of cotton the growth of jute
3. Frost free days are must during the 3. Hot and humid climate is required.
picking season.
4. Deep dumat and black soil is required 4.Well drained alluvial soils found in flood
plains
5. Maharashtra and Gujarat are the two 5.WestBengal and Assam are the leading
leading producers of cotton producers

48. Which crop is termed as the golden fibre of India? Why?

Ans. Jute is called the golden fibre of India as it brings a lot of foreign exchange
through export and the raw jute is of golden yellow colour.

49. Why is jute losing its market?

Ans.1. Due to its high cost of production
2. Introduction of synthetic fibre and packing materials particularly in Nylon.

50. How did the partition of the country in 1947 affect the jute industry?
 Ans. As the result of the partition of the country in 1947, the jute growing areas went
to East Pakistan (Bangladesh) and the jute mills were in India. India had to import raw
jute from Bangladesh. There was a gradual decline in jute industry mainly due to
following reasons
1. Decline in demand for jute products
2. Old and outdated machineries
3. Non availability of labour
4. High cost of production
5. Stiff international competition
6. Emergence of synthetic fibre particularly Nylon.

NOTE : 1. Sustained use of land without compatible techno-institutional changes.

2. Dependence on monsoon and natural fertility of soil inspite of development of
sources of irrigation by most of the farmers have hindered the pace of agricultural
development.

51. Enlist the various programmes introduced by the government to improve agriculture
immediately after independence.
Ans. Institutional reforms
1. Collectivisation
2. Cooperation and abolition of Zamindari system
3. Consolidation of land holdings
4. Land reform
Technological reforms
1. Green Revolution
2. White Revolution (Operation Flood)
Comprehensive land development programme
1. Provision of crop insurance against drought , flood, cyclone, fire and disease
2. Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing
loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest
3. Introduction of crop insurance
4. Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme
5. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and
television.
6. Improving the rural infrastructure
7. Announcement of minimum support price, remunerative and procurement price for
important crops to check the exploitation by speculators and middlemen.
52. How is government helping the Indian farmers in increasing the agricultural
production
OR
Suggest initiatives taken by government to ensure increase in agricultural
production
Ans.1. Land reforms:-
The government abolished the Zamindari system and consolidated the fields and
granted them to the landless farmers
 2. Construction of irrigation projects:-
Many multipurpose river valley projects have been established to provide power and
irrigation facilities to the farmers
3. Subsidies:-
The government is providing huge subsidies on the agricultural inputs. At present the
maximum subsidies is given on fertilizers
4. High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds and agricultural universities:-
In order to increase the production the government is providing HYV seeds to the
farmers. Many agricultural universities have been established and special seminars
are also being held to educate the farmers about the modern methods of agriculture.
Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers are introduced on
radio and television.
5. Crop insurance and agricultural finance:-
Many banks and cooperative societies have been established to provide loans to the
farmers at lower rates of interest. Schemes like Kisan Credit Card and Personal
Accident Insurance Schemes ( PAIS ) were introduced for farmers.
6. Public Procurement system and Agriculture Price Commission
Agriculture Price Commission has been set up which declares the prices of
agricultural products in advance so that the farmers may know what they are going to
get for their agricultural products. The Food Corporation of India purchases the
agricultural products for the farmers. The government announces minimum support
price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the
exploitation of farmers by the middlemen.

53. What were the steps taken by the Indian Government to improve agriculture in the
1960s and 1970s and in 1980s and 1990s?
Ans. The laws of land reforms were enacted after independence but the laws of
implementation was lacking. So, the government of India introduced agricultural
reforms to improve Indian agriculture
1. In 1960’ s and 1970’ s the Green Revolution based on the use of package of
technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies
initiated to improve the Indian agriculture. But this led to the concentration of
development in few select areas.
2. Therefore n the 1980s and 1990’ s a comprehensive land development
programme was initiated which included Provision for crop insurance against drought,
flood, cyclones, fire and disease, Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative
societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of
interest, Introduction of Kisan Credit Card (KCC), personal accident insurance scheme
and minimum support price by the Government of India for the benefit of farmers.

54. What is Bhoodan and Gramdan movement?

Ans. Vinoba Bhave was one of the votaries of Gandhiji’ s concept of Gram Swarajya.
Vinoba Bhave undertook padayatra to spread Gandhiji’ s message and covered
almost the entire country. Once when he was delivering a lecture at Pochampalli in
Andhra Pradesh, some poor landless villagers demanded some land for their
 economic well being. Vinoba Bhave assured to talk to the Government of India
regarding provision of land for them, if they undertook cooperative farming. But
suddenly Sri Ramacharan Reddy stood up and offered 80 acres of land to be
distributed among 80 landless villagers. This act was known as Bhoodan. Inspired by
this some Zamindars and owners offered to distribute some villages among the
landless. It was known as Gramdhan. This Bhoodan – Gramdhan movement initiated
by Vinoba Bhave is known as blood less revolution.

55. The decline in share of GDP is a matter of serious concern? Why?

Ans. Because any decline and stagnation in agriculture will lead to a decline in other
spheres of the economy having wider implication for society.

56. Narrate the steps taken by Government of India to modernize agriculture?

Ans.1. Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
2. Agricultural Universities
3. Veterinary services and animal breeding centres
4. Horticulture development
5. Research
6. Development in the field of meteorology
7. Weather forecast etc.

57. The land under cultivation has reduced day by day. Give its consequences.
Ans.1. Food shortage
2. Import of food grains
3. Poverty
4. Greatest strain on our financial resources
5. Less contribution to the economy
6. Greater pressure of population on land

58. What are the causes for downfall in Agriculture?

OR
Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition. Explain.
Ans.1. There is a reduction in the public investment in agricultural sector particularly
in irrigation, power, rural roads, market and mechanization
2. Decrease in subsidy on fertilizers
3. Increase in the cost of production
4. Reduction in import duties on agricultural products
5. Downfall in the employment in agriculture as the farmers are withdrawing their
investment in agriculture.

59. What are the main feature of Indian agriculture

OR
What are the causes for the backwardness of Indian agriculture
Ans.
1. Small land holdings
 2. Overdependence on monsoons
3. Use of poor quality seeds
4. Lack of storage facilities
5. Subsistence agriculture
6. Inadequate means of transport
7. Use of livestock and farming activities

60. How has climate made our land more valuable from the agricultural point of view?
Ans. Climate has made our land more valuable for agriculture because
1. We have a long growing season as there is ample sunshine.
2. Climate variations enable us to grow variety of crops in the year.

61. What is Operation Flood or White Revolution? What is the contribution of white
revolution in the integrated rural development?
Ans. Operation Flood or White Revolution is a package programme introduced to
increase the production of milk and milk products. It has provided additional income
to the farmers through the selling of milk. People of rural areas have got employment.
The production of milk has raised and even the standard of living of people in rural
areas.

62. It is said that India produces almost every crop. Explain this statement.
Ans. India is a unique country from the agricultural point of view. It has extensive low
lands, fertile soil, abundant water and sunshine, long growing season, cheap labour
and diverse climate to grow different types of crops.

63. Distinguish between dry land farming and wet land farming?
Ans.
Dry Land Farming Wet Land Farming
1. It is practiced in the areas of low 1. It is practiced in the areas of high rainfall
rainfall 2. Irrigation facilities are adequate
2. Irrigation facilities are inadequate 3. It is practiced in Punjab, Haryana, West
3. It is practiced in the desert areas of Bengal, Kerala, etc.
Rajasthan 4. More than one crop is grown in a year
(Kharif – rice; Rabi - Wheat)
4. Crops which require less moisture 5. Yield is high
like gram, pulses, jowar, bajra, etc.
are grown in this type of farming
5. Yield is low
Note:
Blue Revolution: Fish and fish products
Yellow Revolution: Oil and oil seed products

64. Slash and burn cultivation is called by various names.

Ans.
1. Milpa – Mexico and Central America
 2. Conuco – Venezuela
3. Roca - Brazil
4. Masole - Central Africa
5. Ray – Vietnam
6. Ladang - Indonesia
4. Jhumming - North eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
5. Pamlou – Manipur
6. Dipa – Bastar district of Chattisgarh, Andaman & Nicobar islands
9. Bewar or Dahiya – Madhya Pradesh
10. Podu or Penda – Andhra Pradesh
11. Pama Dabi or Koman or Bringa – Orissa
12. Kumari – Western Ghats
13. Valre or Waltre – south eastern Rajasthan
14. Khil – Himalayan belt
15. Kuruwa – Jharkhand.

65. Study the given pie chart carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Which sector consumes the largest rubber?

Ans. Auto tyres and tubes.

2. Name any two industries which are dependent on rubber.

Ans. Auto and footwear industry.

3. Name any four states which produce raw rubber.

Ans. Kerala , Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya.

4. What is the rank of India among the world’ s natural rubber producers?

Ans. India ranked fourth among the world’ s natural rubber producers in 2010-11
66. Study the given data carefully and answer the following questions

1. What was the growth rate of India’ s GDP in 11th Five Year Plan?

Ans. Growth rate in 2007-2012 is 9%

2. What was the growth rate in agriculture in the 11th Plan i.e. 2007-2012?

Ans. About 4.1%

3. Mention the factors responsible for the low growth rate of percent in agriculture
sector.

Ans. a. The government has reduced the public investment in agriculture sector
particularly irrigation, power, rural roads, market and mechanization.

b. Subsidy on fertilizers is decreased leading to increase in the cost of production.

c. Reduction in import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to

agriculture in the country as the farmers are withdrawing their investment from
agriculture causing a downfall in the employment in agriculture.