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The effect of thermal load on instability of pinned-pinned pipes carrying

incompressible fluid on Winkler elastic foundation

Conference Paper · May 2021

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XYZ XYZ-1
1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

The effect of thermal load on instability of pinned-pinned pipes carrying

incompressible fluid on Winkler elastic foundation
Dahmane Moulouda, Samir Zahaf*b, Benkhettab Mohamedc, Izzeddine Bekkar d, Sid Ahmed
Slimanee
a
LMA, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, USTO-MB, BP 1055 El Menaour, Oran 31000, Algeria
b,d
Department of Technology, University of Djilali Bounaama-Khamis Meliana, Ain Defla-Algeria.
c
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mostaganem University-Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Algeria
e
Department of Space Mech. Res., Satellites Devel. Centre, Algerian Space Agency, Oran, Algeria

*Corresponding author: samir.zahaf@univ-dbkm.dz , zahafsamir1983@gmail.com

Abstract - In this paper, the instability of simply supported pipes carrying incompressible fluid under thermal loads is
studied. By applying the Euler-Bernoulli principle, the equation of motion is derived for the pipe with the effects of linear
stress–temperature case. Finite element beam type with two degrees of freedom per node was used. Natural frequencies and
critical velocity of fluid are calculated by using a program developed on MATLAB. The results are compared with those
predicted by analytic and numerical methods. Sample results are presented for several cases with varying values of the
system parameter. Some conclusions are drawn on the effect of the thermal loads on the stability and instability of pipes
conveying fluid.

Keywords: Fluid-Conveying Pipe, Natural Frequency, Critical velocity, Static instability, FEM, Matlab

1. Introduction
Many researchers and academics have studied the effect of fluid flow on the vibration behavior of the
pipe, on top of which is Païdoussis. His scientific contributions and theories provided a comprehensive
view on the vibrational movement and stability of pipes conveying fluid (Païdoussis et al., 1970;
Païdoussis et al., 1981; Païdoussis et al., 1985; Païdoussis et al., 1988; Païdoussis et al., 1993). It has been
established that a pipe is stable for fluid flow velocities less than a certain value (buckling critical
velocity). For the pinned-pinned pipes conveying fluid, divergence is the expected form of static
instability (buckling) (Païdoussis et al., 1998; Doaré et al., 2002; Doaré et al., 2006; Ni Q et al., 2011;
Dahmane et al., 2016). Then the study expanded to include the effect of the Winkler elastic foundation
on the stability of pipes conveying fluid (Païdoussis et al., 1998; Doaré et al., 2002; Dahmane et al., 2016;
Dahmane et al., 2020). The buckling critical velocities of a pipes conveying incompressible fluid resting
on a two-parameter foundation were studied by Chellapilla and al (Chellapilla et al., 2007). The
literature dealing with pipes carrying fluid stability and instability under thermal effect is limited (Qian
et al., 2009; Dahmane et al., 2020). Pipes conveying fluid with thermal loads are found in a wide range
of energy conversion (nuclear industry), and industry in general (heat exchangers, generators, boilers
etc.).
The interest of the present study is the static instability of simply supported pipes conveying
incompressible hot fluid. The derivation of the equation is based on Euler-Bernoulli elementary beam
theory in which the thermal loads is considered. Numerical modeling of structure-fluid was conducted
by the finite element method (FEM). Results are presented showing the variation for various values of
the system parameter.

2. Equation of motion
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

We consider a hot fluid element and beam element with a length L, an internal cross-section area A, a
mass per unit length ms, and a flexural rigidity EI. The mass per unit length of a conveying hot fluid mf
has an axial velocity U varying with time, see figure 1.

Heat flux induced by the internal source is:

(1)

Heat transfer from hot fluid to pipe is:

(2)

Heat transfer from hot structure to atmosphere at compressed side is:

(3)

Figure. 1. (a) Pinned-pinned pipe conveying fluid, (b) forces on fluid element; (c) forces and moments
on beam element δs ((Dahmane et al., (2020); Paidoussis et al., (1985) and Paidoussis et al., (1998)).
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

The thermal moment due to change in rate of heat transfer is (Ni et al., (2011)),

(4)

is heat transfer coefficient from internal source (fluid);

is coefficient of thermal conductivity (pipe);
is heat transfer coefficient of the external fluid (atmosphere);
is ambient temperature;
is temperature of hot fluid;
is temperature of structure (pipe);
, , are the areas corresponding to each heat flow;
, are the inner and outer radius of the tube.
Linear pipe-dynamic equations have been derived in the previous work (Qian et al., (2009)) can be
modified to include the thermal load-linear,

(5)

The Boundary conditions for pinned-pinned beam,

(6)

Non-dimensional parameters are,

, , , ,

3. FINITE ELEMENT DISCRETIZATION

The equation (5) is a fourth-order partial differential equation in two independent variables subject to
various boundary conditions. The use of finite element method we get its numerical solution
(Paidoussis et al., (1998)). The standard equation of motion in the finite element form is,

(7)
We can find the different elementary matrix in the following references, [19-21].
Element thermal matrix is,

(8)

The solution of eigen-values problem should be executed to the characteristic matrix of frequency,
which is equal to,

(9)

The stability and static instability of the system under consideration is determined by the sign of real
part, and the natural frequencies values of the complex eigen-value (Mostafa et al., (2014)).
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the current study, at the beginning, we will present the results that concern the first natural
frequencies in terms of flow velocity and change in temperature (increment) in order to ensure the
correctness of the method with the previous research. Second, results will be discussed according to
the different values of the temperature parameter (ΔT), mass ratio (β) and Winkler elastic foundation
(k0), calculating the critical velocity of pinned-pinned pipe conveying fluid with thermal effect. The
properties of the model, they are the same used in studies (Mostafa et al., (2014)), the thermal property
α is: 11x10-6°C-1.
Section 1: First we learn about the thermal effect by its linear behavior at the natural frequencies of a
pipe conveying incompressible fluid with supports ends. Figure 2 (Dimensionless parameters) and
figure 3 (Physic parameters) show the first three natural frequencies variation due to a small change in
the temperature value for mass ration β = 0.1. The thermal effect is clearly visible in the first two
modes, as the thermal load reduces the critical velocity values; this negatively affects the stability of
the system. We will study this effect extensively in section two with several parameters.

Figure. 2. Dimensionless natural frequencies as a function of the flow velocity of pinned-pinned pipe for β =
0.1, without the thermal load [10], with the thermal load (ΔT = 2.5 °C)

Figure. 3. Dimensional natural frequencies as a function of the flow velocity of pinned-pinned pipe for β = 0.1,
without the thermal load (Sadeghi et al., (2011)) with the thermal load (ΔT = 2.5 °C).
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

Section 2: The results will be presented and discussed according to the different parameters; Figure 4
shows the buckling critical velocity in terms of thermal loads for different values of β. The results
show a slight difference in the variations, which is mainly due to the thickness of the pipe. The higher
the thickness of the pipe, the greater the thermal quantity and the decrease in the exchanger between
the two phases, which generates more thermal moment and leads to a lower critical velocity.
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

Figure. 4. Values of the critical flow velocity parameter for temperature increment ΔT and k0-elastic foundation
values, and for different mass ration β.

5. Conclusion
A numerical study was presented in this paper by using the computer code Matlab. The system is
hydrodynamic, taking into account the unidirectional fluid-structure interaction. The first three natural
frequencies and critical flow velocity are obtained and compared with results reported previously;
results are very satisfactory for a slight difference temperature. The stability region and system
instability develops with increasing ΔT, as the critical velocity decrease with this. The results are
summarized below:
• The critical fluid velocity of the system depend on the physical properties,
• The critical fluid velocity of the system depend on the geometrical properties,
• The fluid velocity reduces the natural frequencies of the system,
• The thermal loads reduces the critical velocity of the system,
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

• The combined effect of fluid and thermal destabilizes the system,

• The elastic foundation increases the system rigidity and consequently the critical velocity of
hot fluid.

Références
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foundation. Journal of sound and vibration, 302(1-2), pp. 387-397.
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1èr Séminaire National sur les Eco-Matériaux et Conception des Eco-Structures SNEMCES’21, Université des Sciences
et de la Technologie Mohamed BOUDIAF, Département de Génie Civil, Oran-Algérie, 03 Avril 2021

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