1. What is the study of the movement of
What is it called when a drug is
drugs through the body?
• Pharmacokinetics
2. What are the four types of movement of
drugs?
• Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, and Excretion
3. What is the impact of drugs on the body
and how they do it?
• Pharmacodynamics
4. What is the movement of drugs that
involves the movement of a drug from
the site of administration to the blood
stream?
• Absorption
5. What is the drug movement from the
blood to the interstitial spaces and from
there to the cells?
• Distribution
6. What is the most important organ used
for excretion?
• Kidneys
7. What is the movement of drugs and
metabolites out of the body?
• Excretion
8. What organ is mostly responsibly for
metabolism?
• Liver
9.
extensively inactivated as it passes
through the liver?
• First Pass Effect
10. What is the quickest route of
administration?
• Intravenous
11. What is the therapeutic range?
• The distance between minimum
effective concentration and
minimum toxic concentration.
12. The nurse is preparing for an acute
medication intervention, which route is
understood to provide the most rapid
delivery in to the circulation of blood?
• Parenteral route
13. Absorption, distribution, and excretion
may be increased by which disease?
• Hyperthyroidism
14. An unexpected effect of the drug is
known as an
• Adverse effect
15. How a medication produces its effects
in the body is referred to as a drug's
• Mechanism of action
16. What are the molecules that activate
receptors?
• Agonist
17. What produces their effects by
preventing receptor activation by
endogenous regulatory molecules and
drugs?
• Antagonist
18. It supplies oxygenated blood to the
right side of the heart
• Right Coronary Artery
19. It supplies blood to the left side of the
heart
• Left Coronary Artery
20. It supplies blood to the outer side and
back of the heart
• Left Circumflex
21. Normal BP
• Less than 120/80
22. Elevated
• Systolic between 120-129
and Diastolic less than 80
23. Stage 1
• Systolic between 130-139
or Diastolic between 80-89
24. Stage 2
• Systolic at least over 140
or Diastolic at least over 90
25. Hypertensive Crisis
• Systolic higher than 180 and
higher over 120
26. Hypotension
• Systolic less than 90, diastolic less
than 60
27. Why is hypertension called the silent
killer?
• Because there are many risks
associated with hypertension with
very limited symptoms
28. What are the effects of hypertension
(what syndromes can it exasperate)?
• Atherosclerosis, coronary artery
disease, congestive heart failure,
diabetes, cerebrovascular events
(stroke), renal disease, retinal
disease
29. What is coronary artery disease?
• The narrowing of the small blood
vessels that supply blood to the
heart
30. What is congestive heart failure?
• The inability of the heart to pump
efficiently
31. What is essential hypertension?
• Hypertension that is a result of
unknown causes
32. What is the formula for arterial blood
pressure?
• Arterial Blood Pressure =
peripheral resistance x cardiac
output
33. What is the relationship of peripheral
pressure and arteriole volume?
• The greater the arterial volume,
the lower the arteriole pressure -
thus they are inversely related
34. What is the formula for cardiac output?
• Stroke volume x heart rate =
cardiac output
35. What factors contribute to stroke
volume?
• The filling pressure (how much
blood is coming into the heart
and what is the stretch - which is
dependent on the blood volume
and venous tone) and the
contractility of the heart
36. What is the body's response to high
blood pressure?
• Baroreceptors are stretched in
the carotid and aorta ->
stimulates the brainstem to
increase parasympathetic output
and/or decrease sympathetic
output -> lowers the heart rate
and increases vasodilation
37. What is renin converted into? (whole
process)
• Renin -> converts
angiotensinogen (zymogen) into
angiotensin I -> Angiotensin 1 ->
angiotensinogen converting
enzyme (ACE) -> angiotensin II
38. What are some lifestyle changes that
can help decrease the effects of
hypertension?
• Decrease sodium intake,
increase exercise, decrease
alcohol and nicotine
consumption
39. How is cardiac output measured?
• Heart rate X stroke volume
(HR X SV)
40. What are antihypertensives?
• Durgs that decrease blood
pressure
41. What are the four main drug classes
used to treat hypertension?
• Diuretics, B blockers, ACE
inhibitors, and Ca++ channel
blockers
42. What are cultural considerations
concerning antihypertensives?
• Ace inhibitors and beta blockers
are more effective in Caucasians
Calcium channel blockers and
diuretics more effective in African
Americans
43. What are the common associated
diseases with hypertension?
• Angina, diabetes,
hyperlipidemia, congestive heart
failure, previous myocardial
infarction, renal impairment,
asthma
44. What are the common drugs used for
hypertension pt with angina pectoris?
Alternative?
• B blockers and Ca++ channel
blockers; alternative: diuretics
and ACE inhibitors
45. What are the two drugs commonly used
for hypertension with diabetes?
• ACE inhibitors and Ca++ channel
blockers
46. What are the common drugs used for
hypertension pt with hyperlipidemia?
Alternative?
• Ace inhibitors; Ca++ channel
blockers
47. What are the common drugs used for 54. What type of patients are calcium
hypertension pt with congestive heart channel blockers contraindicated in?
failure? • Patients w/ heart failure
• Diuretics ACE inhibitors; AVOID
VERAPAMIL
55. How are ACE inhibitors recognized?
• End in "pril"
48. What are the common drugs used for
hypertension pt with previous
myocardial infarction? 56. What is the only ACE given IV?
• B blockers; alternative: diuretics, • Enalapril
ACE inhibitors, or Ca++ blockers

57. What are major adverse effects of ACE-

49. What are the common drugs used for I?
hypertension with chronic renal • Dry, nonproductive cough,
disease? angioedema
• Diuretics and Ca++ channel
blockers; Alternative: ACE 58. What are indications for calcium
inhibitors and B blockers channel blockers?
• Angina
• Hypertension
50. What are the common drugs used for • Dysrhythmias
hypertension with asthma and chronic • Migraines
pulmonary disease? • Raynauds disease
• Diuretics and Ca++ channel
blockers; alternative: ACE
inhibitors 59. What are major adverse effects of
calcium channel blockers?
• Constipation
51. Why are beta blockers not used in • Nausea
congestive heart failure? • Rash
• Because in CHF there is already a • Edema
decreased efficiency of the
heart, this should not be
exasperated by the function B 60. What are angiotensin II receptor
blockers which decrease the blockers (ARBS)
heart rate • Allows angiotensin I to be
converted to angiotensin II, but
blocks it from reaching the
52. What organs do beta-blockers work on? receptor
• Liver and adrenal glands

53. What type of patients are beta blockers

contraindicated in?
• Patients w/ COPD and diabetes
61. What are indications for ARB's?
• Hypertension
• Adjunctive drugs for tx of HF
• Used alone or with other drugs
such as diuretics
• Used in patients who cannot
tolerate ACE

62. What should the nurse do before begin

antihypertensives?
• Obtain a thorough health hx and
head-to-toe exam
• Assess ability to ambulate alone
and toilet self (think risk for fall
and safety related to high BP)

63. What are goals/outcomes of

antihypertensive therapy?
• Takes drug exactly as prescribed
experiences decrease in high
blood pressure states risk and
complcations of potent
antihypertensive drugs

64. What are interventions/teaching should

be performed by the nurse regarding
antihypertensive therapy?
• Instruct patients that HTN drugs
should not be stopped abruptly
b/c this causes rebound HTN and
could lead to stroke

65. How can beta-blockers be recognized?

• They end in olol