People's Democratic Republic of Algeria_National Institute of

Higher Training Semi-medical State of Biskra

GÉNITO-URINARY
SYSTEM
Prepared by: the Professor:
•atamena selsabil •Melle- dali
•Boutakakine lina
•Ghezzaz Ikram
•Rezzaz Rabiaa Second Year Nursing
•Harabi Maria Students
•Louedane Manel
Chams El Assil "2023/2024"
 Work plan :

I. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………2

II. Anatomy of the Genitourinary System……………………………….2-3

III. Physiology of the Genitourinary System……………………………3-4

IV. Common Disorders of the Genitourinary System………………. 5

V. Interconnectedness with Other Physiological System……….. 5

VI. tips for maintaining urinary system health………………………..6

VIII. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………6

[1]
 Introduction:
The genitourinary system, a complex network of organs, plays a
vital role in maintaining reproductive and excretory functions
within the human, it involves intricate anatomical structures and
physiological processes that contribute to overall homeostasis. So,
any problem in this system affects the various body functions.
unfortunately, can reach death.

Anatomy of the genitourinary system:

The urinary system consists of 4 major organs; the
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra
The kidneys: The genitourinary tract begins at the
kidneys a retroperitoneal organ located at T12-L3 whose
primary function is to filter blood and secrete waste

products as urine
The ureters: The uretersare 25 to 30 cm long
muscular ducts that transport which urine to the
bladder via peristaltic contractions. They travel down
into the pelvis, crossing anteriorly to the common iliac
artery
The urinary bladder: The urinary bladder is a
hollowmuscular organ urothelium
Ability:On average: 250-300 ml but can reach 2 to 3
liters (if an obstacle hinders urination)
In man: In front of the seminal vesicles and the rectum above the
prostate. In women: In front of the uterus and vagina.Above the pelvic
diaphragm.

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The urethra: The urethra differs between sexes, with
the female urethra being much shorter in length and the
opening located anterior to the vagina. The male urethra
is longer as it travels the length of the penis, with the
opening located at the tip of the glans penis.
The male urethra has the double function of both urine
and semen transportation.

Physiology of the Urinary System :

Every day, the kidneys filter gallons of fluid from the bloodstream. The
normal physiology that takes place in the urinary system is as follows:
1)Urine Formation 2)Characteristics of Urine 3) Micturition
1. Urine Formation :

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2.Characteristics of Urine: In 24 hours, the marvelously complex
kidneys filter some 150 to 180 liters of blood plasma through their
glomeruli into the tubules.
Daily volume In 24 hours, only about 1.0 to 1.8 liters of urine are produced.
Components Urine contains nitrogenous wastes and unneeded substances.
Color Freshly voided urine is generally clear and pale to deep yellow.
Odor When formed, urine is sterile and slightly aromatic, but if allowed to
stand, it takes on an ammonia odor caused by the action of bacteria on
the urine solutes.
pH Urine pH is usually slightly acidic (around 6), but changes in body
metabolism and certain foods may cause it to be much more acidic or
basic.
Specific gravity Whereas the specific gravity of pure water is 1.0, the specific gravity
of urine usually ranges from 1.001 to 1.035.

Solutes Solutes normally found in urine include sodium and potassium ions,
urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, bicarbonate ions, and various
other ions.

3.Micturition: Micturition or
voiding is the act of emptying the
bladder.

indicators of genitourinary health:

 No lower abdominale pain.

 No feeling the ugent need to urinate.
 Urine color is normal
 No blood in the urine

[4]
 Common Disorders of the Genitourinary System:
1.Kidney stones form from substances found in
urine: The kidneys produce urine to eliminate waste.
Kidney stones can form when mineral salts and acids in
urine crystallize and clump together.
2.Urinary incontinence corresponds to loss of
bladder control :
Most bladder control problems occur when the urethral sphincters are
too weak or overactive. If the sphincters are too weak, a cough or sneeze
can cause urination..
3. Fluid-Filled Cysts May Develop in the Kidneys: A simple
kidney cyst is a rounded bulge or closed pocket usually filled
with fluid
4. chronic kidney disease can lead to kidney failure: The
kidneys are damaged and cannot filter the blood properly. These
injuries can lead to a buildup of waste in the body and other problems,
such as kidney failure.

Interconnection with other physiological systems:

Cardiovascular system:
Regulating Blood Pressure:
The kidneys play a crucial role
in determining blood pressure
levels by regulating the amount
of water and salts in the blood.
Endocrine system: Nervous system:
Hormone Production: Nervous control of bladder
The kidneys produce function:
hormones such as Bladder function depends on the
erythropoietin and sensory nerves that sense the
calcitriol, which fullness of the bladder, and on
influence blood those that trigger the movement of
production and calcium the muscles that either empty or
balance in the body. retain urine, which are the motor
nerves.

[5]
 Tips for maintaining urinary system health:
Stay Hydrated
Avoid Excessive Salt Limit Caffeine and Alcohol
Intake

Engage in Regular Physical

Activity:

Eat a Healthy and

Manage Stress
Balanced Diet

Conclusion:
The genitourinary system plays a vital role in maintaining overall
health. Therefore, as healthcare professionals, understanding its
functions and potential issues is crucial for preventive care, effective
medical interventions, and enhancing patient care.

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