Urinary System

Reporter: Joycerel May B. Taring

 Objectives
01 List and discuss the functional of the 03 Describe how urination is
controlled.
urinary system.

02 Name and describe the structure and

function of each organ in the urinary
system.
 What is Urinary System ?

The urinary system, also known as the urinary

tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys,
ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of
the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the
body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure,
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and
regulate blood pH.
 Functions of
Urinary System
 Functions of Urinary System

1. Filter. Every day, the kidneys filter gallons of fluid from the bloodstream.
2. Waste processing. The kidneys then process this filtrate, allowing wastes
and excess ions to leave the body in urine while returning needed
substances to the blood in just the right proportions.
3. Elimination. Although the lungs and the skin also play roles in excretion, the
kidneys bear the major responsibility for eliminating nitrogenous wastes,
toxins, and drugs from the body.
 Functions of Urinary System

4. Regulation. The kidneys also regulate the blood’s volume and chemical
makeup so that the proper balance between water and salts and between acids
and bases is maintained.
5. Other regulatory functions. By producing the enzyme renin, they help
regulate blood pressure, and their hormone erythropoietin stimulates red blood
cell production in the bone marrow.
6. Conversion. Kidney cells also convert vitamin D to its active form.
Structure and Function of
each organ in the urinary
system.
 Two kidneys

These organs work constantly. They filter your blood

and make pee, which your body then eliminates. You
have two kidneys, one on either side of the back of
your abdomen, just below your rib cage. Each kidney
is about as big as your fist. Your kidneys work hard —
they filter about 120 to 150 quarts (113.6 to 141.95
liters) of blood per day, which produces about 1 to 2
quarts (0.95 to 1.95 liters) of pee each day.
 Two kidneys

This pair of purplish-brown organs is located below

the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function
is to:
1. Remove waste products and drugs from the body
2. Balance the body's fluids
3. Release hormones to regulate blood pressure
4. Control production of red blood cells
 Two Ureter

These two thin tubes inside your pelvis carry pee

from your kidneys to your bladder. Each ureter is
about 9 inches long.
 Bladder

Your bladder holds pee until you’re ready to empty it (pee).

It’s hollow, made of muscle, and shaped like a triangular
balloon. Your bladder expands as it fills up. Most bladders
can hold up to 2 cups (500 milliliters) of pee at a time.
Peeing is when you empty your bladder.
 Bladder
Upon examination, specific "landmarks" are used to
describe the location of any irregularities in the bladder.
These are:
1. Trigone: a triangle-shaped region near the junction of
the urethra and the bladder
2. Right and left lateral walls: walls on either side of the
trigone
3. Posterior wall: back wall
4. Dome: roof of the bladder
 Urethra

This tube carries pee from your bladder out of your

body. You have two sphincter muscles that close off
your urethra to keep pee in when you aren’t using the
toilet. These ring-like muscles open and close to let
pee out. Sometimes, these muscles weaken and it
becomes hard to hold your pee in.
How urination is controlled?
 Two kidneys
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny
filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a
ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus,
and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with
water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it
passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of
the kidney.
 Bladder

This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower

abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached
to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls
relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to
empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult
bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five
hours.
Two sphincter muscles.
These circular muscles help keep urine from leaking by
closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the
bladder.

Nerves in the bladder.

The nerves alert a person when it is time to urinate, or
empty the bladder.
 Urethra

This tube allows urine to pass outside the body.

The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten,
which squeezes urine out of the bladder. At the
same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles
to relax to let urine exit the bladder through the
urethra. When all the signals occur in the correct
order, normal urination occurs.
 Facts about Urine

• Normal, healthy urine is a pale straw or transparent yellow color.

• Darker yellow or honey colored urine means you need more water.

• A darker, brownish color may indicate a liver problem or severe dehydration.

• Pinkish or red urine may mean blood in the urine.

 References

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/anato
my-of-the-urinary-system&ved=2ahUKEwjBqomD4OD_AhWhm1YBHVd7ASoQFnoECBIQBQ&usg=AOvVaw1I53wPC9ZOFPcBQ43rLxJD

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-system/&ved=2ahUKEwiig7XxgeL_AhUn-DgGHXopAfsQFnoECA0QAQ&
usg=AOvVaw2AL_TKiKFBZPQw7Bu_rqik

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21197-urinary-system&ved=2ahUKEwiP4ZW3muL_AhUf
d2wGHTpCCKMQFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2feAndy1DOrrzOtxf_hsP-
THANK YOU
For Listening