Urinary

System
By MARIE CRIS AMERILA
Urinary system
The urinary system refers to the
structures that produce and
transport urine to the point of
excretion. Also known as the
renal system or urinary tract,
consists of the kidneys,
ureters, bladder, and
the urethra.
Kidneys
The kidneys in mammals are
bean-shaped organs that
lie in the abdominal cavity
attached to the dorsal wall
on either side of the spine.
An artery from the dorsal
aorta called the renal
artery supplies blood to
them and the renal
vein drains them.
Lamb and pig kidneys
A dissected kidney
Functions of kidney
Maintain the volume and
composition of plasma,
regulate water, ion
and pH levels, retain
nutrients and excrete
waste, toxins and
excess electrolytes.
Several kidney tubules or nephrons
A kidney tubule or nephron
Filtration in the glomerulus
and capsule
Process in formation of Urine
 Parts and functions of US
Kidneys
-Remove waste products and medicines from
the body
-Balance the body's fluids
-Balance a variety of electrolytes
-Release hormones to control blood pressure
-Release a hormone to control red blood cell
production
-Help with bone health by controlling calcium
and phosphorus
 Parts and functions of US
Ureters
-These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys
to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls keep
tightening and relaxing. This forces urine
downward, away from the kidneys. If urine
backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney
infection can develop. About every 10 to 15
seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into
the bladder from the ureters.
 Parts and functions of US
Bladders
-Thistriangle-shaped, hollow organ is
located in the lower belly. It is held in
place by ligaments that are attached to
other organs and the pelvic bones. The
bladder's walls relax and expand to
store urine. They contract and flatten to
empty urine through the urethra.
Parts and functions of US
Empty bladder Full bladder
Parts and functions of US
Two sphincter muscles
These circular muscles help
keep urine from leaking by
closing tightly like a rubber
band around the opening
of the bladder.
Parts and functions of US
Nerves in the bladder
The nerves alert an individual
when it is time to urinate,
or empty the bladder.
 Parts and functions of US
Urethra
This tube allows urine to pass
outside the body. The brain signals
the bladder muscles to tighten. This
squeezes urine out of the bladder.
At the same time, the brain signals
the sphincter muscles to relax to let
urine exit the bladder through the
urethra. When all the signals
happen in the correct order, normal
urination happens.
Micturition
Urination, also called Micturition, the
process of excreting urine from
the urinary bladder. Nerve centers for the
control of urination are located in
the spinal cord, the brainstem, and
the cerebral cortex (the outer substance of
the large upper portion of the brain).
Both involuntary and voluntary muscles
are involved.
END!!!