Screenshot 2024-01-01 at 7.35.08 PM

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ :2‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫‪Single-Area OSPFv2 Configuration‬‬
‫ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ و اﻷﻣﺎن واﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎ اﻹﺻﺪار ‪7‬‬

‫)‪( ENSA‬‬
‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‪ :‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﻟ ﺚ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪف اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻔ ﺬ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻧوان اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھدف اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬

‫ﻣوﺟﮫ ‪OSPF‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﻣﻌرف‬
‫ِّ‬ ‫ﻣوﺟﮫ ‪. OSPFv2‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﺗﻛوﯾن ﻣﻌرف‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﺗﺻﺎل ‪ OSPF‬ﻣن ﻧﻘطﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘطﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛوﯾن ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﺗﺻﺎل ﻣن ﻧﻘطﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘطﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻛوﯾن أوﻟوﯾﺔ واﺟﮭﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﻟﻠﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺗﯾﺎر ‪ DR/BDR‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻣﺗﻌددة‬
‫ﺷﺑﻛﺎت ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﺗﻌددة اﻟوﺻول‬
‫اﻟوﺻول‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌدﯾل ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﺗﻌدﯾﻼت ﻟﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺷر اﻟﻣﺳﺎرات اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛوﯾن ‪ OSPF‬ﻟﻧﺷر اﻟﻣﺳﺎر اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ ﻣن ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ ﻣن ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺔ‬ ‫ي ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫© ‪ Cisco 2021 ، 2019‬و‪/‬أو اﻟ‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪ّ 2.1‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ‪OSPF‬‬
‫‪Router ID‬‬
‫ﺎت اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟ © ﻟﻌﺎم ‪ 2016‬ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻟ ﻛﺔ ‪ Cisco‬و‪/‬أو اﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ي ﺧﺎص ﻛﺔ ‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﱢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ‪OSPF‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﻫ ﻞ ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸ ﻞ اﻟﻬ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ‬
‫‪ OSPFv2‬ﻫﺬە اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻤ‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة اﻟﻬ ﻞ ﺑ ﺪا ﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺎو ﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت‪ .‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺛﺎ ﺖ أو ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ دﻳﻨﺎﻣ ﻣﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬‫ّ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟ ﺎ ﻋ أي ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت ‪R1‬‬‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋ‬
‫‪ R3 R2‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮﺋ‬
‫‪ ) OSPF‬ﺎﺳ ﺜﻨﺎء اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻋ ‪. ( R2‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ ISP‬ﻛﻌ ﱠ ﺎرة ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬ ‫ُ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫إ اﻹﻧ ﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪OSPF‬ﻣﻌﺮف ّ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪ OSPF‬وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ OSPFv2‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ . router ospf process-id‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪process-‬‬
‫‪ id‬رﻗﻤﺎ ﺑ ‪ 1‬و‪ 65,535‬و ﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎرە ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ process-id‬ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻠ ﺎ‪ .‬و ﻌﺘ أﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻔﺲ ‪ process-id‬ﻋ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪. OSPF‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪Router IDs‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬ﻫﻮ ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ 32‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﻮان ‪ . IPv4‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﺪ ﺪ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪OSPF‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺸ ﻞ ﻓ ﺪ‪ ،‬و ﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﺰم ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﺻ ‪.‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻣﺠﺎل ‪ . OSPF‬ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌ ﻒ ُﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺆول أو ﺗﻌﻴ ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ُﻣﻌﺮف ّ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻞ ّ‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ OSPF‬ﻪ ﻐﺮض اﻵ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ُﻣﻌﺮف‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻣﺰاﻣﻨﺔ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ‪ — OSPF‬أﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ، Exchange‬ﺳ ﻘﻮم ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻊ أﻋ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺑ رﺳﺎل ﺣﺰم‬ ‫•‬
‫ً‬
‫واﺻﻒ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ )‪ ( DBD‬أو ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﻤﻌ )‪ - ( DR‬ﺑ ﺌﺔ ‪ LAN‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻊ أﻋ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ . DR‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺤﻤﻞ ﺛﺎ أﻋ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻟ ﻜﻮن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ )‪.( BDR‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐ ُﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺤﺴﺐ اﻷﺳ ﻘ ﺔ‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ً‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋ واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎت ‪ُ Cisco‬ﻣﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﺸﺘﻖ ّ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳ ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﺗ ﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﻀ اﻟﺘﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺣﺔ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ُﻣﻌﺮف‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪. rid OSPF router-id‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻫﺬە اﻟﻄ ﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻮ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ أﻋ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬ﻷي ﻣﻦ واﺟﻬﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎع اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺨﺘﺎر ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ أﻋ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬ﺸﻂ ﻷي‬
‫ﻣﻦ واﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻔﻌﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ‪OSPF‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ اﺳ ﺟﺎع)‪ ( Loopback‬ﻤﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻴ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ إ واﺟﻬﺔ اﺳ ﺟﺎع‪ .‬ﻋﺎدة ‪ ،‬ﺠﺐ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬ﻟﻬﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻨ ع ﻣﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎع ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ ‪ 32‬ﺖ )‪ .( 255.255.255.255‬و ﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا ﺸ ﻞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻋ‬
‫إ ﺸﺎء ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﻀ ﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﻀ ﻒ ‪ 32‬ﺖ ﻛﻄ ﻖ إ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺤﺘﺎج ‪ OSPF‬إ ﺗﻤﻜ ﻋ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎرﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪OSPF‬‬
‫ــﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺸ ﻞ‬
‫‪Configure a Router ID‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎ ‪:‬‬‫ﻃ ﻮﻟﻮﺟ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻟ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻋ‬
‫• ‪ R1‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪1.1.1.1‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ rid router-id‬ﻟﺘﻌﻴ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺪو ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 1.1.1.1‬إ ‪ . 1R‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ show ip protocols‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮف‬
‫‪R1(config)# router ospf 10‬‬

‫‪R1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1‬‬
‫‪R1(config-router)# end‬‬
‫‪*May 23 19:33:42.689: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console‬‬
‫‪R1# show ip protocols | include Router ID‬‬
‫‪Router ID 1.1.1.1‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
OSPF ‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ّ
‫ﱢ‬ ّ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ اﻟ ﺸﻂ ﺑﺘﻐﻴ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬OSPF ‫ ﻻ ﺴﻤﺢ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ‬، ‫ﻌﺪ أن ﺨﺘﺎر ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ‬ •
. OSPF ‫ﺣ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺤﻤ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ أو إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻌﻴ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ‬
ّ
.‫اﻟﻄ ﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎدة ﺗﻌﻴ ُﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ OSPF ‫إن إﻟﻐﺎء ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ‬ •
R1# show ip protocols | include Router ID

Router ID 10.10.1.1
R1# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)# router ospf 10
R1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1
% OSPF: Reload or use "clear ip ospf process" command, for this to take effect
R1(config-router)# end
R1# clear ip ospf process
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y
*Jun 6 01:09:46.975: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on GigabitEthernet0/0/1 from FULL to
DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Jun 6 01:09:46.981: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on GigabitEthernet0/0/1 from LOADING
to FULL, Loading Done *
R1# show ip protocols | include Router ID
Router ID 1.1.1.1
R1#
‫ﻛﺔ‬ ‫ي ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬.‫ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬.‫ﺎت اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو اﻟ‬/‫ و‬Cisco 2021 ، 2019 ©
Cisco 10
‫‪ 2.2‬ﺷ ﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪Point-to-Point OSPF Networks‬‬

‫ﺷ ﺎت ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔإ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺻ ﺎﻏﺔ أواﻣﺮ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﺗ ﺘ إ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃ ﻖ ﺗﻜ ﻦ أﻣﺮ ‪ . network‬ﻤﻜﻨﻚ أ ﻀﺎ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ OSPF‬ﻣ ﺎ ة ﻋ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. ip ospf‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﺎﻏﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺮ ‪ network‬ﻫﻮ ﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Router(config-router)# network network-address wildcard-mask area area-id‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺻﯾﺎﻏﺔ ‪ network-address wildcard-mask‬ﻟﺗﻣﻛﯾن ‪ OSPF‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟواﺟﮭﺎت‪ .‬ﯾﺗم ﺗﻣﻛﯾن أي‬ ‫•‬
‫واﺟﮭﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ ﺗﺗطﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ھذا اﻟﺟزء ﻣن اﻷﻣر ﻹرﺳﺎل واﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل ﺣزم ‪. OSPF‬‬
‫ﺗﺷﯾر ﺻﯾﺎﻏﺔ ‪ area-id area‬إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ‪ . OSPF‬ﻋﻧد ﺗﻛوﯾن ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﯾﺟب ﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻷﻣر ‪ network‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﻧﻔس ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ area-id‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺟﮭزة اﻟﺗوﺟﯾﮫ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن أﻧﮫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام أي‬
‫ﻣﻌرف ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‪ ،‬إﻻ أﻧﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺟﯾد اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻌرف اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ‪ 0‬ﻣﻊ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﯾﺟﻌل ھذ اﻻﺻطﻼح اﻷﻣر‬
‫أﻛﺛر ﺳﮭوﻟﺔ إذا ﺗم ﺗﺑدﯾل اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻻﺣﻘًﺎ ﻟدﻋم ‪ OSPFv2‬ﻣﺗﻌدد اﻟﻣﻧﺎطﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺷ ﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻨﺎع ﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل ‪Wildcard Mask‬‬
‫ﻗﻨﺎع ﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻪ ﻋ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إن أﺳﻬﻞ ﻃ ﻘﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟ ﺪل ﻃ ح ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ ، 255.255.255.255‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ 24/‬و ‪ 26/‬أﻗﻨﻌﺔ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ اﻟﺸ ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻚ ﻟـﻘﻨﺎع ﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل ‪Wild Card‬‬
‫‪https://contenthub.netacad.com/ensa-dl/2.2.3‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺷ ﺎت ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPF‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪network‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎك ﻃ ﻘﺘﺎن ﻟﺘﺤﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﺳ ﺸﺎرك ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪. OSPFv2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻷول‪ ،‬ﺤﺪد ﻗﻨﺎع ﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﺳ ﻨﺎدا إ ﻋﻨﺎو ﻦ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﺳ ﺸﺎرك أي واﺟﻬﺔ ﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬ﻳ ﺘ إ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪. OSPFv2‬‬
‫ً‬
‫• ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﺴﻤﺢ ﻌﺾ إﺻﺪارات ‪ IOS‬ﺑ دﺧﺎل ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟ ﺪل‪ .‬ﻘﻮم ‪ IOS‬ﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺤ ﻞ ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ إ ﺗ ﺴﻴﻖ ﻗﻨﺎع أﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل‪.‬‬
‫‪R1(config)# router‬‬ ‫‪ospf 10‬‬

‫‪R1(config-router)#‬‬ ‫‪network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0‬‬
‫‪R1(config-router)#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPF‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪) network‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫ﻛ ﺪ ﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ OSPFv2‬ﻋﻦ ﻃ ﻖ ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻨﺎع ﺣﺮف ﺪل ر ﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﺆدي إدﺧﺎل ‪ network 10.1.1.5 0.0.0.0 area 0‬ﻋ ‪ R1‬إ إﺧ ﺎر ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻟﺘﻤﻜ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ‪Gigabit‬‬
‫‪ Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0‬ﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫أن ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻨﺎع أﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل ﻟ ﺲ ور ﺎ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ة ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫وﺳ ﻄﺔ ‪ area‬اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪. 0‬‬
‫‪R1(config)# router‬‬ ‫‪ospf 10‬‬

‫‪R1(config-router)#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬OSPF ‫ﺷ ﺎت‬
ip ospf ‫ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ‬OSPF ‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬
: ‫ ﺻ ﺎﻏﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻤﺎ‬. ip ospf ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ‬،‫ ﻣ ﺎ ة ﻋ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬OSPF ‫ﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ‬
Router(config-if)# ip ospf process-id area area-id
ip ospf ‫ ﺛم اﻧﺗﻘل إﻟﻰ ﻛل واﺟﮭﺔ وﺗﻛوﯾن اﻷﻣر‬.‫ ﻣن اﻷﻣر‬no ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬network ‫ﻗم ﺑﺈزاﻟﺔ أواﻣر‬
R1(config)# router ospf 10

R1(config-router)# no network 10.10.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
R1(config-router)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ip ospf 10 area 0
R1(config-if)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
R1(config-if)# interface Loopback 0
R1(config-if)#
Cisco 17
‫ﺷ ﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ ‪Passive Interface‬‬
‫و ﺸ ﻞ اﻓ ا ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ‪ OSPF‬ﺧﺎرج ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ OSPF‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬە‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ OSPF‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﻻ ﻹرﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫و ﺆدي إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻋ ‪ LAN‬إ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ﻋ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﺑﺜﻼث ﻃﺮق‪:‬‬
‫• اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي ‪ -‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻏ‬
‫اﻟ ورﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﻮارد ‪ -‬ﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻘﻮم ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ‪ LAN‬ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ وﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ز ﺎدة ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻷﻣﺎن ‪ -‬ﺪون ﺗﻜ ﻨﺎت أﻣﺎن ‪ OSPF‬إﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻦ اﻋ اض رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ‪ OSPF‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﺳﺘ ﺸﺎق‬
‫اﻟﺤﺰم‪ .‬و ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ و ﻋﺎدة إرﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ إ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إ إﺗﻼف ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ء ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼل ﻣﻘﺎﻳ ﺲ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ passive-interface‬ﻟﻤﻨﻊ إرﺳﺎل‬
‫رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ)ارﺳﺎل اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت( ﻋ‬
‫واﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻟﺴﻤﺎح‬
‫ﺎﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬە اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ إ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت‬
‫اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ ‪show ip‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ protocols‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ ﻋ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺒ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺷ ﺎت‬OSPF ‫ﺷ ﺎت‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬OSPF
‫ ﺣ إذا ﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺟﻬﺎز واﺣﺪ آﺧﺮ‬،Ethernet ‫ ﻋ واﺟﻬﺎت‬BDR ‫ و‬Cisco DR ‫ ﺗ ﺘﺨﺐ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬، ‫ﺸ ﻞ اﻓ ا‬
‫ ﻏ‬DR/BDR ‫ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺎت‬. show ip ospf interface ‫ ﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻣﺮ‬.‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋ اﻟﺮا ﻂ‬
‫ ﻻﺣﻆ اﻹﺧﺮاج‬. R2 ‫ و‬R1 ‫ورﺔ ﺣ ﺚ ﻻ ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺳﻮى اﺛﻨ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت ﻋ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑ‬
.(‫ ) ﺚ‬BROADCAST ‫أن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻋ ﻧ ع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻛـ‬
R1# show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 10.1.1.5/30, Area 0, Attached via Interface Enable
Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Topology-MTID Cost Disabled Shutdown Topology Name
0 1 no no Base
Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 10.1.1.6
Backup Designated router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.1.1.5
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Cisco 20
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬OSPF ‫ﺷ ﺎت‬
(‫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬OSPF‫ﺷ ﺎت‬
‫ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋ‬ip ospf network point-to-point ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ‬،‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﻫﺬا إ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
. DR/BDR ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت ﺣ ﺚ ﺗ ﺪ ﺗﻌﻄ ﻞ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺎت‬
R1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

R1(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point
*Jun 6 00:44:05.208: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0 from
FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*Jun 6 00:44:05.211: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0 from
LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1(config-if)# end
Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
Cisco 21
‫اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎع واﻟﺸ ﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ واﺟﻬﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﺘﻮﻓ واﺟﻬﺎت إﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻏﺮاض‪ .‬ﺸ ﻞ اﻓ ا‬ ‫•‬
‫اﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻛـ ‪ 32/‬ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﻀ ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎ ﺎة ﺷ ﻜﺔ ‪ LAN‬ﺣﻘ ﻘ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻛﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮاە ‪ R2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻌﻠﻦ ‪ R1‬ﻋﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ اﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪R2# show ip route | include 10.10.1‬‬

‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪10.10.1.1/32 [110/2] via 10.1.1.5, 00:03:05, GigabitEthernet0/0/0‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Configuration change at R1:‬‬

‫‪R1(config-if)# interface Loopback 0‬‬
‫‪R1(config-if)# ip ospf network point-to-point‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Result at R2 :‬‬

‫‪R2# show ip route | include 10.10.1‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪ 2.3‬ﺷ ﺎت ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫‪Multiaccess OSPF Networks‬‬
‫ﺷ ﺎت ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫أﻧﻮاع ﺷ ﺎت ‪OPSF‬‬
‫ﻧ ع آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ OSPF‬ﻫﻮ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ‪OSPF‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل)‪ .( multiaccess‬ﺷ ﺎت ‪OSPF‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻓ ﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ أن ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤ ﻢ ﺗﻮز ــﻊ ‪. LSA‬‬
‫ﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎرە ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺪور ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗ ﻞ ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪Designated Router‬‬ ‫‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻌ‬
‫ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد)‪ ،( multiaccess‬ﻘﻮم ‪ OSPF‬ﺎﻧﺘﺨﺎب ‪ DR‬و ‪ . BDR‬و ﻜﻮن اﻟـ ‪ DR‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻊ و ﺗﻮز ــﻊ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت ‪ LLSs‬اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ و اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﺎة‪ .‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ DR‬ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IPv4‬اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ﻟﻺرﺳﺎل ‪224.0.0.5‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪. OSPF‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ )‪ .(DR‬ﺴﺘﻤﻊ ‪ BDR‬ﺸ ﻞ ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ُ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ )‪ ( BDR‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺸﻞ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ّ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ اﺣﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫و ﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‪ .‬إذا ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ‪ DR‬ﻋﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺣﺰم اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ‪ BDR‬ﻘﻮم ﺑ ﻗ ﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘ ﺎم ﺪور ‪. DR‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻷﺧﺮى ‪ ) DROTHER‬ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻟ ﺲ ‪ DR‬وﻻ ‪ .( BDR‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪DROTHERs‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ‪ ) 224.0.0.6‬ﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ( designated-‬ﻹرﺳﺎل ﺣﺰم ‪ OSPF‬إ ‪ DR‬و‬
‫‪ . BDR‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ DR‬و ‪ BDR‬ﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮن ﻟـ ‪. 224.0.0.6‬‬
‫اﻟﺮا ﻂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ذﻟﻚ***‬ ‫و اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺮﺳﻞ إ ‪ DR‬و ‪ BDR‬اﻟﻔﺪﻳﻮ‬ ‫*** ‪ DR‬ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ‪ BDR‬اﺣﺘ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺮا ﻂ‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫ﻫ ﻞ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫ﻫ ﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ اﻟﺸ ﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣ ا ﻄﺔ ﻋ ﺷ ﻜﺔ‬
‫‪ Ethernet‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪. 192.168.1.0/24‬‬
‫وﻷن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺧﻼل ﺷ ﻜﺔ ﺚ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ‪ OSPF‬ﻘﻮم ﺎﺧﺘ ﺎر ‪DR‬‬
‫و‪ BDR‬ﺸ ﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎ ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R3‬ﻋ‬
‫أﻧﻪ ‪ DR‬ﺣ ﺚ إن ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺎص ﻪ ﻫﻮ‬
‫‪ ، 3.3.3.3‬وﻫﻮ اﻷﻋ ﺑﻬﺬە اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﺎ ﻌﺘ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R2‬ﻫﻮ ‪ BDR‬ﻷن ﻟﺪ ﻪ ﺛﺎ أﻋ ﻣﻌﺮف‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺎﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬OSPF ‫ﺷ ﺎت‬
OSPF ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أدوار ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬
ّ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أدوار‬
. show ip ospf interface‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ‬، OSPFv2 ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬
: ‫ ﻋ اﻵ‬R1 ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج اﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬
( 6 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. 1 ‫ ذات أوﻟ ﺔ اﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻤﻘﺪار‬DROTHER ‫ وﻟ ﻨﻪ‬، BDR ‫ أو‬DR ‫ ﻟ ﺲ‬R1 ‫أن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ •
ّ
‫ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬، 192.168.1.3 IPv4 ‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬3.3.3.3 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ّ ّ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬R3 ‫ (ﻫﻮ‬Designated Router) ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف‬ ّ •
ّ ّ
7 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. 192.168.1.2 IPv4 ‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬2.2.2.2 ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬R2 ‫ ( ﻫﻮ‬Backup Designated) ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺎ‬
(8 ‫و‬
( 22- 20Lines ) . DR ‫ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻊ‬BDR ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ‬:‫ ﺗﻘﺎرﺎن‬R1 ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ •
(output omitted)
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 1
Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 192.168.1.2
(output omitted)
Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Backup Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
R1# ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ي ﺧﺎص ﻛﺔ‬.‫ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬.‫ﺎت اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو اﻟ‬/‫ و‬Cisco 2021 ، 2019 ©
Cisco 27
(‫ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬OSPF ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أدوار ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬
: ‫ ﻋ‬R2 ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج اﻟﻨﺎ‬
( 6 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. 1 ‫ ذات أوﻟ ﺔ اﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻤﻘﺪار‬BDR ‫ ﻫﻮ اﻟـ‬R2 ‫أن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ •
‫ ﻣﻊ‬R2 ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ّ
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ‬، 192.168.1.3 IPv4 ‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬3.3.3.3 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ّ ّ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬R3 ‫ ( ﻫﻮ‬DR)‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ‬
ّ
( 8 ‫ و‬7 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. 192.168.1.2 IPv4 ‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬2.2.2.2 ‫ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ّ
( 12‫ و‬11 ‫ و‬10 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. DR ‫ ( واﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻊ‬1R) 1.1.1.1 ‫ (؛ أﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﺠﺎور ﻤﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬adjacencies)‫ ﺗﻘﺎرﺎن‬R2 ‫ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ •

(output omitted)
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1
Backup Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 192.168.1.2
(output omitted)
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1
Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3 (Designated Router)
R2#
Cisco 28
(‫ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬OSPF ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أدوار ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬
: ‫ ﻋ‬R3 ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج اﻟﻨﺎ‬
( 6 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. 1 ‫ ذات أوﻟ ﺔ اﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻤﻘﺪار‬DR ‫ ﻫﻮ اﻟـ‬R3 ‫أن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ •
R2 ‫ ﻫﻮ‬BDR ّ
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ‬، 192.168.1.3 IPv4 ‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬3.3.3.3 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ّ ّ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬R3 ‫ ﻫﻮ‬DR ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ‬
ّ
( 8 ‫ و‬7 ‫ )اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬. 192.168.1.2 IPv4 ‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬2.2.2.2 ‫ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ّ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
BDR ‫ (و‬R1) ‫ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻊ‬1.1.1.1 ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﺠﺎور ﻤﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬:( adjacencies)‫ ﺗﻘﺎر ﺎن‬R3 ‫ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ •

(output omitted)
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Backup Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 192.168.1.2
(output omitted)
Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Backup Designated Router)
R3# ‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ي ﺧﺎص ﻛﺔ‬.‫ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬.‫ﺎت اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو اﻟ‬/‫ و‬Cisco 2021 ، 2019 ©
Cisco 29
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎورات ‪DR/BDR‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎورات)‪ ، OSPFv2 ( adjacencies‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ . show ip ospf neighbor‬ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ﻋ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻏ ‪ DR‬أو ‪ . BDR‬ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎزان‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ‪ DR‬أو ‪ BDR‬ﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﻘﺎر ﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ّ‬ ‫‪ - FULL/DROTHER‬ﻫﺬا ﻋ ﺎرة ﻋﻦ ّ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎوران ﺑ ﺎدل ﺣﺰم اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت‪ ،‬واﻟﺮدود‪ ،‬واﻹﻗﺮارات‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟ ﻪ‪ .‬ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎزان اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎوران ﺑ ﺎدل ﺣﺰم اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورا ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ‪ُ DR‬‬ ‫‪ - FULL/DR‬ﻜﻮن‬ ‫•‬
‫واﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت‪ ،‬واﻟﺮدود‪ ،‬واﻹﻗﺮارات‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟ ﻪ‪ .‬ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎزان اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎوران ﺑ ﺎدل ﺣﺰم‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورا ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ‪ُ BDR‬‬ ‫‪ - FULL/BDR‬ﻜﻮن‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت‪ ،‬واﻟﺮدود‪ ،‬واﻹﻗﺮارات‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ آﺧﺮ ﻏ ‪ DR‬أو ‪ . BDR‬و ﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎن ﺑ ﺎدل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻏ ‪ DR‬أو ‪ BDR‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺠﺎورة ﻣﻊ ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫‪ 2-WAY/DROTHER‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺣﺰم اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ OSPF‬ﻋﺎدة ‪) FULL‬ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ(‪ .‬إذا ﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ذﻟﻚ ﻤﺜﺎ ﺔ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎد ﺔ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ً‬
‫إﺷﺎرة إ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺸ ﻼت ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺎر ﺎت‪ .‬إﻻ أن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺳ ﺜﻨﺎء ﻟﻬﺬا وﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،WAY- 2‬اﻟ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻃﺒ ﻌ ﺔ ﺷ ﻜﺔ‬
‫اﻟ ﺚ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎورات ‪) DR/BDR‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸ ﻞ ‪ ، 2‬ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻹﺧﺮاج اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ‪ R2‬أن ‪ R2‬ﻟﺪ ﻪ ﺗﻘﺎرﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R1‬ﻻ ﻜﻮن ‪ DR‬أو ‪. BDR‬‬‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ 1.1.1.1‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪) Full‬ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ( ودور‬ ‫ﻌﺮف‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R1‬ﻣﻊ ُﻣ ّ‬ ‫ﻜﻮن‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R3‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ 3.3.3.3‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪) Full‬ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ( ودور اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R3‬ﻫﻮ ‪. DR‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪R2# show ip ospf neighbor‬‬

‫‪Neighbor ID‬‬ ‫‪Pri State‬‬ ‫‪Dead Time‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫‪Interface‬‬
‫‪1.1.1.1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪FULL/DROTHER 00:00:31‬‬ ‫‪192.168.1.1‬‬ ‫‪GigabitEthernet0/0/0‬‬
‫‪3.3.3.3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪FULL/DR‬‬ ‫‪00:00:34 192.168.1.3‬‬ ‫‪GigabitEthernet0/0/0‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺎت اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻟﺸ ﺎت ‪DR/BDR‬‬
‫ﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻗﺮار اﺧﺘ ﺎر ‪ DR‬و‪ BDR‬ﻟـ ‪ OSPF‬ﻋ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳ اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﺗ ﺐ ﻣ ﺴﻠﺴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﺎﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذا اﻷوﻟ ﺔ اﻷﻋ ﺎﻋﺘ ﺎرە ‪ . DR‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذات ﺛﺎ أﻋ‬
‫أوﻟ ﺔ ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪. BDR‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻷوﻟ ﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن أي رﻗﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ 0‬إ ‪. 255‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ ﻗ ﻤﺔ أوﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ إ ‪ ، 0‬ﻻ ﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻫﺬە اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻛـ ‪ DR‬أو‪. BDR‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ اﻷوﻟ ﺔ اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﺚ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ‪. 1‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذي‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﺺ‪ .‬و ﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮف اﻷﻋ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذي‬ ‫‪ .2‬إذا ﺎﻧﺖ أوﻟ ﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣ ﺴﺎو ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴ ﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر‬
‫ّ‬
‫ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪. BDR‬‬ ‫أوﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫• ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ‪ DR‬و‪ BDR‬ﻤﺠﺮد أن ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول اﻟﻤﺰود ﺑﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟـ ‪ OSPF‬ﺸﻄﺎ ﻋ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‪ .‬إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗ ﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت ﺎﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﻬ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ أﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ‪. DR‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺪ ﺪ إ ﺪء ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﺟﺪ ﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻻ ﺗﺆدي إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ّ‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﻞ واﺳ داد ‪DR‬‬
‫ﺤﺪث أي ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ‪ ، DR‬ﻓﻠﻦ ﺗﺘﻐ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺣ‬
‫• ﻓﺸﻞ ‪. DR‬‬
‫• ﻓﺸﻞ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﻋ ‪ DR‬أو ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻋ ‪ DR‬أو إ ﻘﺎف ﺸﻐ ﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﻓﺸﻞ ‪ ، DR‬ﻓﺴ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗ ﺔ ‪ BDR‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ﺎ إ ‪ . DR‬ﺤﺪث ﻫﺬا أ ﻀﺎ إذا ﺗﻤﺖ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ DROTHER‬آﺧﺮ ﺄوﻟ ﺔ أﻋ أو‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ إ ﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻌﺪ اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻷو ﻟـ ‪ . DR/BDR‬ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻌﺪ ﺗﺮﻗ ﺔ ‪ BDR‬إ ‪ ، DR‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ‪ BDR‬ﺟﺪ ﺪ‬
‫و ُ ﺘﺨﺐ ‪ DROTHER‬ذا اﻷوﻟ ﺔ اﻷﻋ أو ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻛـ ‪ BDR‬ﺟﺪ ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ip ospf priority‬‬
‫ﺌﺬ اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذي أﻋ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪. DR‬‬
‫و ذا ﺎﻧﺖ أوﻟ ﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت ﻣ ﺴﺎو ﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﻴ ٍ‬ ‫•‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﺤ ﻢ ﺎﻻﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻋﻦ ﻃ ﻖ ﺗﻌﻴ أوﻟ ﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‪ .‬و ﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﺬا أ ﻀﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺄن ﻜﻮن ‪ DR‬إﺣﺪى اﻟﺸ ﺎت و‪ DROTHER‬ﺷ ﻜﺔ أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﻴ أوﻟ ﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ ، ip ospf priority value‬ﺣ ﺚ اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ ‪ 0‬إ ‪. 255‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ 0‬ﻻ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪ DR‬أو ‪. BDR‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ 1‬إ ‪ 255‬ﻋ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺼﺒﺢ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ DR‬أو ‪. BDR‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬
OSPF ‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ أوﻟ ﺔ‬
. OSPF ‫ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ ﺛﻢ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻌﻴ‬255 ‫ إ‬1 ‫ ﻣﻦ‬G0/0/0 R1 ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻟ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻐﻴ أوﻟ ﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ‬
R1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

R1(config-if)# ip ospf priority 255
R1(config-if)# end
R1# clear ip ospf process
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: y
R1# *Jun 5 03:47:41.563: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0
from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
Cisco 35
‫‪ 2.4‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘ ﺎس اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪Cisco OSPF‬‬
‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻘ ﺎﺳﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪ ﺪ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﻋ ﺷ ﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻘ ﺎس‪ .‬ﺸ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﻗﻞ إ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻓﻀﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ ‪ Cisco‬ﺸ ﻞ ﻋﻜ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺪل ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻷﻋ‬ ‫•‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻋ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ أﻗﻞ‪ .‬اﻟﺼ ﻐﺔ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪: OSPF‬‬
‫اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ = اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ ‪ /‬اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻳ ﻠﻎ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺮﺟ اﻻﻓ ا ‪(100,000,000) 108‬؛ و ﺎﻟﺘﺎ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺼ ﻐﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ = ‪ 100,000,000‬ﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ ‪ /‬اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺑﻮﺣﺪة اﻟ ﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷن ﻗ ﻤﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﺪدا ﺻﺤ ﺤﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن واﺟﻬﺎت ‪ FastEthernet‬و ‪ Gigabit Ethernet‬و‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ 10 GigE‬ﺸ ك ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻨﻚ‪ :‬ﻟـﺿ ﻂ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪. OSPF‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ auto-cost reference-bandwidth‬ﻋ‬
‫ورﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أو ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻌﻴ ﻗ ﻤﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﺪو ﺎ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ ‪ ip ospf cost‬ﻋ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬
‫ﻣﻘ ﺎس اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪) Cisco OSPF‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ارﺟﻊ إ اﻟﺠﺪول ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋ ﺗﺼ ﻒ ﺗﻔﺼ‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ‪ 2OSPFv‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺿ ﻂ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي)‪ ( Bandwidth‬اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬
‫ﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﺪدا ﺻﺤ ﺤﺎ‪ .‬إذا ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ء أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻌﻤﻞ ‪ OSPF‬ﻋ اﻟﺘﻘ ﺐ إ‬ ‫•‬
‫أﻗﺮب ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ‪ Gigabit Ethernet‬ذات اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬
‫ً‬
‫اﻻﻓ ا اﻟ ﺎﻟﻎ ‪ 100000000‬ﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ ﺴﺎوي ‪ ، 1‬ﻷن أﻗﺮب ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟـ ‪ 0.1‬ﻫﻮ ‪ 0‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪. 1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ = ‪ 100،000،000‬ﺖ ‪1 = 1،000،000،000 /‬‬
‫ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺴ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت أ ع ﻣﻦ إﻳ ﻧﺖ اﻟ ــﻊ ﺳ ﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬ﻛﻮاﺟﻬﺔ إﻳ ﻧﺖ ﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ أﻗ ﻣﺴﺎر أو )‪ (OSPF‬ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺠﺐ ﺗﻐﻴ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺮﺟ إ ﻗ ﻤﺔ أﻋ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺸ ﺎت ذات اﻻرﺗ ﺎﻃﺎت اﻷ ع ﻣﻦ ‪ 100‬ﻣ ﺠﺎ ﺎ ﺖ‪/‬اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫)ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬ ‫ﺿ ﻂ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬
‫اﻻرﺗ ﺎط؛ ﻞ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺑ ﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻤﻘ ﺎس‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎب ُ‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪. auto-cost reference-bandwidth Mbps‬‬ ‫ﻟﻀ ﻂ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل ‪. OSPF‬‬ ‫ﻞ ّ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺐ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻀ ﻂ ﺗ ﺎﻟ ﻒ ‪، Gigabit Ethernet‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ أن اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻐﺎ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000‬‬
‫ﺎﻟ ﺴ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪ ، 10 Gigabit Ethernet‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000‬‬
‫‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. auto-cost reference-bandwidth 100‬‬ ‫اﻻﻓ ا‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ع إ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺧ ﺎر آﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻐﻴ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻋ واﺟﻬﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ ‪. ip ospf cost cost‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫)ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬ ‫ﺿ ﻂ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬
‫أ ﺎ ﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻄ ﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ ﻋ ﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪. OSPF‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ ﻻﺳ ﻌﺎب ‪ 10‬ارﺗ ﺎﻃﺎت ‪. Gigabit Ethernet‬‬ ‫•‬
‫أي وﻗﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك روا ﻂ أ ع ﻣﻦ ‪ 100) FastEthernet‬ﻣ ﺠﺎ ﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﺐ ﺿ ﻂ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ‪ show ip ospf interface‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPFv2‬اﻟﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ا ﻤﺔ ﻟـ ‪OSPF‬‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ا ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر ‪OSPF‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ واﺣﺪ إ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﻓ اض أن اﻷﻣﺮ ‪auto-cost‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪reference-bandwidth 10000‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻪ ﻋ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺮوا ﻂ ﺑ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻵن ‪ . 10‬واﺟﻬﺎت اﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ا ﻤﺔ ﻟـ ‪) OSPF‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫ﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إ ﻞ ﺷ ﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋ ﺳ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ ل‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ R1‬ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ‪10.10.2.0/24‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ‪ . 11‬وذﻟﻚ ﻷن اﻻرﺗ ﺎط إ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪R2‬‬
‫= ‪ 10‬واﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ اﺳ ﺟﺎع = ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪. 11 = 1 + 10‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃ ﻖ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. show ip route‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬
‫ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬2OSPFv ‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ‬
(‫ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬OSPF ‫اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ا ﻤﺔ ﻟـ‬
: 10.10.2.0/24 ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤ ا ﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎر إ ﺷ ﻜﺔ‬
R1# show ip route | include 10.10.2.0

O 10.10.2.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.1.6, 01:05:02, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
R1# show ip route 10.10.2.0
Routing entry for 10.10.2.0/24
Known via "ospf 10", distance 110, metric 11, type intra area
Last update from 10.1.1.6 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0, 01:05:13 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.1.1.6, from 2.2.2.2, 01:05:13 ago, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Route metric is 11, traffic share count is 1
R1#
Cisco 44
‫ﻗ ﻤﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﺪو ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﺪو ﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻞ أﺳ ﺎب ﺗﻌﻴ‬
‫ﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘ ﺎﻟ ﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ﻋ اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺎر داﺧﻞ ‪ ،OSPF‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻣﺴﺎرات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻌ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ وﺗﺮا ﻢ اﻟﺘ ﺎﻟ ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺎﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺎﺋﻌ اﻵﺧ ﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﺻ ﻐﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪. OSPF‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻟ ﺗﻢ اﻹ ﻼغ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺤ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. ip ospf cost value‬‬
‫‪R1(config)# interface g0/0/1 R1(config-if)# ip ospf cost 30‬‬

‫‪R1(config-if)# interface lo0 R1(config-if)# ip ospf cost 10‬‬
‫‪R1(config-if)# end‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﻔﺸﻞ إ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟ ﺴﺦ اﻻﺣﺘ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺤﺪث إذا اﻧﺨﻔﺾ اﻻرﺗ ﺎط ﺑ ‪ R1‬و ‪R2‬؟ ﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺎة ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃ ﻖ إ ﻘﺎف واﺟﻬﺔ ﺟ ﺠﺎ ﺖ إﻳ ﻧﺖ ‪0/0/0‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺪ ﺚ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ R3‬ﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻘﻔﺰة اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ أن ‪ R1‬ﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﻵن اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إ ﺷ ﻜﺔ‬
‫‪ 10.1.1.4/30‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ‪ R3‬ﻘ ﻤﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪. 50‬‬
‫‪R1# show ip route ospf | begin 10‬‬

‫‪10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 3 masks‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ‪Hello‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ إرﺳﺎل ﺣﺰم ﻣﺮﺣ ﺎ ‪ OSPFv2‬إ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ‪ ) 224.0.0.5‬ﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ (OSPF‬ﻞ ‪ٍ 10‬‬
‫ﺛﻮان‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻫﺬە ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﺖ اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻋ ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد واﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ إرﺳﺎل ﺣﺰم ﻣﺮﺣ ﺎ ﻋ واﺟﻬﺎت ﺗﻌﻴ إ اﻟﺴﻠ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ‪.passive-interface‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﻘ ﺎل ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﺣ ﺐ ﻗ ﻞ إﻋﻼن أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺎور "ﻣﻌﻄﻞ"‪ .‬إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎد اﻟﻔ ة اﻟ ﻳ ﺘﻈﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﺣ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻘﻮم ‪ OSPF‬ﺑ زاﻟﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺻﻼﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﻺ ﻘﺎف ﻗ ﻞ اﺳﺘﻘ ﺎل‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻐﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻرﺗ ﺎط )‪ (LSDB‬ﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ ﻂ )‪ .( LSDB‬ﻘﻮم‬
‫ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎور "اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻞ" ﻌ ﺪا ﻋﻦ ﺎﻓﺔ واﺟﻬﺎت ‪ OSPF‬اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Cisco‬ﻓﺎﺻ اﻓ اﺿ ﺎ أرﻌﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ اﻟﺰﻣ ‪ .‬ﻫﺬە ‪ 40‬ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻋ اﻟﺸ ﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻮﺻﻮل واﻟﺸ ﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬2OSPFv ‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣ ﺎ واﻟﻔ ات اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋ أﺳﺎس ﻞ واﺟﻬﺔ‬OSPF ‫ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺣ ﺐ واﻟﻨﻔﺎد ﻟـ‬ •
.‫ و ﻻ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻘﺎرب ﺟﻮار‬،‫ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ‬OSPF ‫ﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬ •
. show ip ospf interface ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ‬،‫ اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺎ‬OSPFv2 ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ •
. ‫ ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻋ اﻟﺘﻮا‬40‫ ﺛﻮان و‬10 ‫ اﻓ اﺿ ﺎ ﻋ‬Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0 ‫ﺗﻢ ﺿ ﻂ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺣ ﺐ واﻟﻨﻔﺎد ـ‬
R1# show ip ospf interface g0/0/0

Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 10
0 10 no no Base
Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
(output omitted)
Cisco 48
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ واﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻫﺬە‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ show ip ospf neighbor‬ﻟﺮؤ ﺔ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻘﻮم ﺎﻟﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﺎز ﻣﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ‪ .‬ﺸ ﻞ اﻓ ا‬
‫ﺛﻮان ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺴﺘﻘ ﻞ ‪ R1‬ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ‪ Hello‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﻞ ‪ٍ 10‬‬

‫‪3.3.3.3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪FULL/ -‬‬ ‫‪00:00:35‬‬ ‫‪10.1.1.13‬‬ ‫‪GigabitEthernet0/0/1‬‬
‫‪2.2.2.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪FULL/ -‬‬ ‫‪00:00:31 10.1.1.6‬‬ ‫‪GigabitEthernet0/0/0‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪OSPFv2‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻠﺰم ﺗﻐﻴ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎت ‪ OSPF‬ﺣ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت ﻣﻦ ا ﺸﺎف ﺣﺎﻻت ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ وﻗﺖ أﻗﻞ‪ .‬ﻳ ﺗﺐ ﻋ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫•‬
‫ورة ﻟﺤﺪوث ﺗﻘﺎرب ــﻊ أ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‬ ‫زﺎدة ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‪ ،‬وﻟ ﻦ ﺑ ﻌﺾ اﻷﺣ ﺎن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ أ‬
‫اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة اﻟ ﺗ ﺸﺆﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻨﺎدرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺣ ﺐ واﻟﻨﻔﺎد ﻋ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت و ﺠﺐ ﺗ ﺪ ﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ OSPFv2‬ﺪو ﺎ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أواﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺣ ﺐ واﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Router(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval seconds‬‬

‫‪Router(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval seconds‬‬
‫اﺳﺗﺧدم اﻷﻣر ‪ no ip ospf hello-interval‬واﻷﻣر ‪ no ip ospf dead-interval‬ﻹﻋﺎدة ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻔواﺻل اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻹﻋدادات اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ‪ 2OSPFv‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟـ ‪) 2OSPFv‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻣﺮﺣ ﺎ ﻟﻼرﺗ ﺎط ﺑ ‪ R1‬و ‪ R2‬إ ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮان‪ .‬ﻘﻮم ‪ Cisco IOS‬ﺑﺘﻌﺪ ﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ﺎ إ أرﻌﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﻠ ﺣ ﺐ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺠﺪ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃ ﻖ إﻋﺪادە ﺪو ﺎ إ ‪ 20‬ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺘ ﺻﻼﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋ ‪ R1 ، R1‬و ‪ 2R‬ﺗﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺠﻮار‪ .‬ﺠﺐ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ R1‬و ‪ R2‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻣﺮﺣ ﺎ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ show ip ospf neighbor‬ﻋ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R1‬ﻟﺘﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺎرﺎت اﻟﺠﻮار‪.‬‬
‫‪R1(config)# interface g0/0/0‬‬

‫‪R1(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 5‬‬
‫‪R1(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 20‬‬
‫‪R1(config-if)#‬‬
‫‪*Jun 7 04:56:07.571: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process‬‬ ‫‪10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0‬‬
‫‪from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer‬‬ ‫‪expired‬‬
‫‪R1(config-if)# end‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪Default Route Propagation‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ ا‬
‫‪OSPFv2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎر ﺛﺎ ﺖ اﻓ ا‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﺠﺐ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻓ ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ]‪ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop-address | exit-intf‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺜﺎ ﺖ اﻻﻓ ا‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ . default-information originate‬ﻘﻮم ﻫﺬا ﺑﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ R2‬ﻟ ﻜﻮن ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ ا‬ ‫أﻣﺮ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت ‪. OSPF‬‬ ‫و اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺜﺎ ﺖ اﻻﻓ ا‬
‫ﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻋ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ R2‬ﻣﻊ اﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻟﻤﺤﺎ ﺎة اﺗﺼﺎل ﺎﻹﻧ ﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻓ ا‬
‫‪ OSPF‬اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IP‬ﻟﻠﻘﻔﺰة اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺎة اﺗﺼﺎل ﺎﻹﻧ ﻧﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪IP‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﺳ ﻄﺔ ‪. exit-intf‬‬
‫‪R2(config)# interface lo1‬‬

‫‪R2(config-if)# ip address 64.100.0.1 255.255.255.252‬‬
‫‪R2(config-if)# exit‬‬
‫‪R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 loopback 1‬‬
‫‪%Default route without gateway, if not a point-to-point interface, may impact performance‬‬
‫‪R2(config)# router ospf 10‬‬
‫‪R2(config-router)# default-information originate‬‬
‫‪R2(config-router)# end‬‬
‫‪R2#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ ا‬
‫ە‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ ا‬
‫ ﻤﻜﻨﻚ أ ﻀﺎ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬. show ip route ‫ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ‬R2 ‫ﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺪادات اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻋ‬ •
.‫ ﻣﺴﺎرا اﻓ اﺿ ﺎ‬R3 ‫ و‬R1 ‫ﺗﻠ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤ ﺔ‬. OSPFv2 ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺪل ﻋ أﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬، 2O*E‫ ﻫﻮ‬R1 ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻋ‬ •
‫ ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎرج ﻧﻄﺎق ﻫﺬە‬E2 ‫ و‬E1 ‫ ﻣﻌ‬.‫ ﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺎرا ﺧﺎرﺟ ﺎ‬E2 ‫ و ﺤﺪد ﺗﻌﻴ‬. ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﺟ ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ ا‬
.‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
R2# show ip route | begin Gateway

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Loopback1
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
(output omitted)
R1# show ip route | begin Gateway

Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.6 to network 0.0.0.0
O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.1.1.6, 00:11:08, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
(output omitted)
Cisco 54
‫‪ 2.6‬اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻬﺰة ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬
‫ﻌﺪ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺤﺘﺎج إ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜ ﻨﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻚ‪ .‬اﻷﻣﺮان اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺎن ﻣﻔ ﺪان ﺸ ﻞ ﺧﺎص‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - show ip interface brief‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﺔ ﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ IP‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ -show ip route‬ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ أن ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺤﺘﻮي ﻋ ﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪ ﺪ أن ‪ OSPF‬ﻌﻤﻞ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪show ip ospf neighbor‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪show ip protocols‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪show ip ospf‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪show ip ospf interface‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻬﺰة ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻪ‪ .‬إذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﺘﺠﺎور ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ show ip ospf neighbor‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﺮض ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‪ ،‬أو إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ‪ ، FULL‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻌ أن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ُ ﺸ ﻼ ﺗﺠﺎور ‪. OSPFv2‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻏ ‪ DR‬أو ‪ BDR‬اﻟﺬي ﻟﺪ ﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﺎر ﻣﻊ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ آﺧﺮ ﻏ ‪ DR‬أو ‪ BDR‬ﻋﺮض ﻣﺠﺎور ﺛﻨﺎ اﻻﺗﺠﺎە ﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟ ﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻌﺮض إﺧﺮاج اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎ ﺟﺪول ﺟﻮار ‪. R1‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪2.2.2.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪FULL/ -‬‬ ‫‪00:00:31 10.1.1.6 GigabitEthernet0/0/0‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻬﺰة ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺸ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎزي ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﺠﺎورة ‪ OSPFv2‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ أﻗﻨﻌﺔ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻄﺎ ﻘﺔ‪ ،‬اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳ ﺴ ﺐ أن ﻜﻮن ﺟﻬﺎزا اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻋ ﺷ ﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻋﺪم ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﺎد أو اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ ﻟ وﺗﻮﻛﻮل ‪. OSPFv2‬‬
‫• ﻻ ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ أﻧﻮاع ﺷ ﻜﺔ ‪. OSPFv2‬‬
‫• ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أﻣﺮ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ‪ OSPFv2‬ﻣﻔﻘﻮد أو ﻏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬
‫ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬2OSPFv ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
OSPF ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻘﻤﻦ إﻋﺪادات ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل‬
show ip protocols ‫ﻌﺪ اﻷﻣﺮ‬ R1# show ip protocols
‫ﻃ ﻘﺔ ﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ *** IP Routing is NSF aware ***
‫ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬، ‫ اﻟﺤﻴ ﺔ‬OSPF ‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬ (output omitted)
Routing Protocol is "ospf 10"
‫ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ إﺧﺮاج اﻷﻣﺮ‬ Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
‫ وﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز‬OSPFv2 ‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ‬ Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 1.1.1.1
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ واﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻬﺎ‬
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
‫ــﺢ ﻟﻺﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎرات‬ ‫ﺸﻞ‬ Maximum path: 4
‫ واﻟﺠ ان اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺴﺘﻘ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز‬OSPF Routing for Networks:
Routing on Interfaces Configured Explicitly (Area 0):
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﻢ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ Loopback0
‫ ﻟـ‬110 ‫ و‬، ‫اﻹدارﺔ اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ‬ GigabitEthernet0/0/1
. OSPF GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
3.3.3.3 110 00:09:30
2.2.2.2 110 00:09:58
Distance: (default is 110)
R1#
Cisco 59
‫ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬2OSPFv ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
OSPF ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل‬
‫ﻤﻜﻦ أ ﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬show ip ospf R1# show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 10" with ID 1.1.1.1
OSPFv2 ‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ‬ Start time: 00:01:47.390, Time elapsed: 00:12:32.320
‫ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬، ‫وﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‬ (output omitted)
‫ ﻌﺮض‬.‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ إﺧﺮاج اﻷﻣﺮ‬ Cisco NSF helper support enabled
Reference bandwidth unit is 10000 mbps
‫ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ Area BACKBONE(0)
‫ وآﺧﺮ ﻣﺮة ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﻔ ﺬ‬OSPFv2 Number of interfaces in this area is 3
. SPF ‫ﺧﻮارزﻣ ﺔ‬ Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:11:31.231 ago
SPF algorithm executed 4 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x00E77E
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0
R1#
Cisco 60
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺪادات واﺟﻬﺎت ‪) OSPF‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬
‫‪ OSPFv2‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ show ip ospf interface brief‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ إﺧﺮاج اﻷﻣﺮ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻔ ﺪ ﻟﺮؤ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻤﺎ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪OSPF‬‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺎت ﺸﺎرك‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺸ ﺎت اﻟ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )ﻋﻨﻮان ‪/ IP‬ﻗﻨﺎع(‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻞ را ﻂ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻞ را ﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺠﻮار ﻋ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪R1# show ip ospf interface brief‬‬

‫‪Interface‬‬ ‫‪PID Area‬‬ ‫‪IP Address/Mask‬‬ ‫‪Cost‬‬ ‫‪State‬‬ ‫‪Nbrs F/C‬‬
‫‪Lo0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10.10.1.1/24‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪P2P‬‬ ‫‪0/0‬‬
‫‪Gi0/0/1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10.1.1.14/30‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪P2P‬‬ ‫‪1/1‬‬
‫‪Gi0/0/0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10.1.1.5/30‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪P2P‬‬ ‫‪1/1‬‬
‫‪R1#‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬
‫‪ 2.7‬ﺗﺪرﺐ واﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻗﺼ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺗﺪرﺐ واﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻗﺼ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺤﺎ اﻟﺸ ﺎت ‪ - Packet Tracer‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺎط ‪ Packet Tracer‬ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﺳﺘ ﻤﻞ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﻟ ﺚ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺬ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫‪ - Packet Tracer‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﻤ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻤ اﻟﺨﺎص‬
‫ﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدي ‪ -‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺎط ‪ Packet Tracer‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدي ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﺳﺘ ﻤﻞ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ وﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻹﻋﺪادات اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻷﺳﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫‪ - Packet Tracer‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ‪ -‬اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدي‬
‫ﺸﺎط ‪ Packet Tracer‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدي ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﺳﺘ ﻤﻞ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء ‪ :1‬ﺗﻘﻴ ﻢ ﺸﻐ ﻞ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ل ‪ OSPF‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺠﺰء ‪ :2‬ﺗﻘﻴ ﻢ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ OSPF‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء ‪ :3‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺪ ﺪة و رﻓﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ 0‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻹﻧ ﻧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬
‫‪65‬‬
‫ﻫﺬە اﻟﻮﺣﺪة؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ 2OSPFv‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪ . router ospf process-id‬إن ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ process-id‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪد ﺑ ‪1‬‬ ‫•‬
‫و‪ 65,535‬و ﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎرە ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬ﻫﻮ ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ 32‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﻮان ‪ . 4IPv‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﻜ ‪ OSPF‬ﻋﻠ ﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺼﻮرة ﻓ ﺪة‪ ،‬و\أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﺧﺘ ﺎر‪ DR‬و‪. BDR‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺸﺘﻖ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ Cisco‬ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺎﻟ ﺗ ﺐ اﻟﺘﺎ ‪ ( 1 :‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﺸ ﻞ‬ ‫•‬
‫ــﺢ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ ( 2 router-id rid‬ﺨﺘﺎر ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ أﻋ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ 4IPv‬ﻷي ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳ ﺟﺎع اﻟﻤﻜﻮن أو‬
‫‪ ( 3‬ﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ أﻋ ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ 4IPv‬ﺸﻂ ﻷي ﻣﻦ واﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﺎد ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻷﻣﺮ ‪ . network network-address wildcard-mask area area-id network‬أي واﺟﻬﺎت ﻋ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ network‬ﺳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻹرﺳﺎل ﺣﺰم ‪ OSPF‬واﺳﺘﻘ ﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺠﺐ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ network‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻔﺲ ﻗ ﻤﺔ ‪ area-id‬ﻋ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﻨﺎع‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﻟ ﺪل ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻪ ﻋ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟ ﻦ ﻤﻜﻦ أ ﻀﺎ أن ﻜﻮن ﻗﻨﺎع ﺪل ر ﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﺬي ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ أن ﺤﺪد اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﺎﻟﻀ ﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪66‬‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫ﻫﺬە اﻟﻮﺣﺪة؟ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPF‬ﻣ ﺎ ة ﻋ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ ‪ . ip ospf interface‬ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ‪ip ospf process-‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪. id area area-id‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ passive-interface router‬ﻹ ﻘﺎف إرﺳﺎل رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل واﺟﻬﺔ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ ،‬وﻟ ﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﺴﻤﺢ ﺎﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ إ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ور ﺔ ﺣ ﺚ ﻻ ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺳﻮى اﺛﻨ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت ﻋ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑ ‪ 1R‬و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺎت ‪ DR/BDR‬ﻏ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ . 2R‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ ‪ ip ospf network point-to-point‬ﻋ ﺎﻓﺔ واﺟﻬﺎت ﺣ ﺚ ﺗ ﺪ ﺗﻌﻄ ﻞ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺎت‬
‫‪. DR/BDR‬‬
‫ﺸ ﻞ اﻓ ا ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻦ واﺟﻬﺎت اﺳ ﺟﺎع ﻛـ ‪ 32/‬ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﻀ ﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺤﺎ ﺎة‪ LAN‬ﺣﻘ ﻘ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ ‪0Loopback‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻛﺸ ﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﻧﻮاع ﺷ ﺎت ‪OSPF‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻊ وﺗﻮز ــﻊ ‪ . LSAs‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ DR‬ﻋﻨﻮان ‪ 4IPv‬اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ﻟﻺرﺳﺎل ‪ 224.0.0.5‬واﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ‬ ‫‪DR‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪ . OSPF‬إذا ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ‪ DR‬ﻋﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺣﺰم اﻟ ﺣ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ‪ BDR‬ﻘﻮم ﺑ ﻗ ﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘ ﺎم ﺪور ‪ . DR‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ‪. DROTHER‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ DroTthers‬ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ‪ ) 224.0.0.6‬ﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ( ﻹرﺳﺎل ﺣﺰم ‪ OSPF‬إ ‪ DR‬و‪ . BDR‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ DR‬و ‪ BDR‬ﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮن ﻟـ ‪. 224.0.6‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أدوار ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ‪ ، 2OSPFv‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. show ip ospf interface‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬
‫‪67‬‬
‫ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎورات ‪ ، 2OSPFv‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ . show ip ospf neighbor‬ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠ ان‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد‪ , FULL / DR. FULL/BDR ، FULL / DROTHER :‬أو ‪. WAY/DROTHER- 2‬‬
‫و ﺴ ﻨﺪ ﻗﺮار اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺎت ‪ OSPF DR‬و‪ BDR‬ﻋ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻣﻊ أﻋ أوﻟ ﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻤﺎ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻟـ ‪ . DR‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذات ﺛﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫أﻋ أوﻟ ﺔ ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪ . BDR‬إذا ﺎﻧﺖ أوﻟ ﺎت اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻣ ﺴﺎو ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴ ﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر‬
‫ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﺺ‪ .‬و ﺘﻢ اﺧﺘ ﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮف اﻷﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذي‬
‫ﻤﻮﺟﻪ ‪. BDR‬‬‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذي أوﻟ ﺔ ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻷوﻟ ﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن أي رﻗﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ 0‬إ ‪ . 255‬إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴ ﻗ ﻤﺔ أوﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ إ ‪ ، 0‬ﻻ ﻤﻜﻦ اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻫﺬە اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ﻛـ ‪ DR‬أو ‪. BDR‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ اﻷوﻟ ﺔ اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟ ﺚ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ‪. 1‬‬
‫إن اﺧﺘ ﺎرات ‪ OSPF DR‬و‪ BDR‬ﻟ ﺴﺖ اﺳ ﺎﻗ ﺔ‪ .‬إذا ﻓﺸﻞ ‪ ، DR‬ﻓﺴ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗ ﺔ ‪ BDR‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋ ﺎ إ ‪. DR‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﻴ أوﻟ ﺔ واﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ ، ip ospf priority value‬ﺣ ﺚ اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ ‪ 0‬إ ‪ . 255‬إذا ﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ ‪ ، 0‬ﻓﻠﻦ ﺼﺒﺢ ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ DR‬أو‪ . BDR‬إذا ﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬إ ‪ ، 255‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ذي ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﺔ اﻷﻋ ﻫﻮ ‪ DR‬أو‪ BDR‬ﻋ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻘ ﺎس‪ .‬ﺸ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﻗﻞ إ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﻋ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ : OSPF‬اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ = ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺮﺟ ‪ /‬ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷن ﻗ ﻤﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﺪدا ﺻﺤ ﺤﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن واﺟﻬﺎت ‪ FastEthernet‬و ‪ Gigabit Ethernet‬و ‪ GigE 10‬ﺸ ك‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺿ ﻂ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ددي اﻟﻤﺮﺟ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ ‪auto-cost reference-‬‬
‫‪ bandwidth‬ﻋ ﻞ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ ، OSPF‬أو ﺗﻌﻴ ﻗ ﻤﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﺪو ﺎ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ ‪. ip ospf cost‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ا ﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ واﺣﺪ إ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﻘ ﻢ ﺗ ﻠﻔﺔ ‪ OSPF‬ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛ ﻋ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺬي‬ ‫•‬
‫اﺧﺘﺎرە ‪ . OSPF‬ﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﺗﻘ ﺮ ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬اﻟﻤﺤ إ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ip‬‬
‫‪. ospf cost value‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺻﻼﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻟﻺ ﻘﺎف ﻗ ﻞ اﺳﺘﻘ ﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﺣ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻘﻮم ‪ OSPF‬ﺑ زاﻟﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻐﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻرﺗ ﺎط )‪ ( LSDB‬ﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺎور "اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻞ" ﻌ ﺪا ﻋﻦ ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ ﻂ )‪ .( LSDB‬ﻘﻮم‬
‫واﺟﻬﺎت ‪ OSPF‬اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Cisco‬اﻓ اﺿ ﺎ ﻳ ﻠﻎ ‪ 4‬أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣ ‪ Hello‬أو ‪ 40‬ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻋ ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد واﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨ ﺔ ﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ ‪ 2OSPFv‬اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜ ﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺎ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. show ip ospf interface‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ‪ Hello and Dead2 OSPFv‬ﺪو ﺎ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أواﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟ ﺔ‪ip ospf hello-interval :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫و ‪. ip ospf dead-interval‬‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬
‫‪69‬‬
‫ﻟ ﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ‪ ،OSPF‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﺑ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪ OSPF‬وﺷ ﻜﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺨﺺ ‪ OSPF‬ﺴ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺬا‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﺎر ‪0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ip route‬‬ ‫)‪ .( ASBR‬ﻟ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻓ ا ‪ ،‬ﺠﺐ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ ASBR‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﺎر ﺛﺎ ﺖ اﻓ ا‬
‫]‪ ، [ exit-intf | next-hop-address‬وﺗ ﺸﺄ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻣﺮ ﺗﻜ ﻦ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻮﺟ ﻪ ‪default-information‬‬
‫‪. originate router‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺪادات اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻻﻓ اﺿ ﺔ ﻋ ‪ ASBR‬ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪. show ip route‬‬ ‫•‬
‫أواﻣﺮ إﺿﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪ ﺪ أن ‪ OSPF‬ﻌﻤﻞ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺸﻤﻞ‪show ip , show ip protocols , show ip ospf neighbor :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ , ospf‬و‪. show ip ospf interface‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﺘﺠﺎور ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ show ip ospf neighbor‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Cisco‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬2OSPFv ‫ ﺗﻜ ﻦ‬: 2 ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫وط واﻷواﻣﺮ ﺟﺪ ﺪة‬ ‫اﻟ‬
router ospf process-id • clear ip ospf process •
‫ﻣﻌرف اﻟﻣوﺟﮫ‬
ّ • ‫اﻟﻣﻘﯾﺎس‬ •
router-id rid • ‫اﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ •
show ip protocols • auto-cost reference-bandwidth Mbps •
show ip ospf • ip ospf cost value •
di-aera network network-address wildcard-mask area • ip ospf hello-interval value •
area-id aera ip ospf process-id • ip ospf dead-interval value •
passive interface • default-information originate •
passive-interface intf-id •
show ip ospf interface intf-id •
‫ ﻣن ﻧﻘطﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘطﺔ‬ip ospf ‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ •
‫ﻣﺳﺎر اﻟﻣﺿﯾف‬ •
( DR) ‫اﻟﻣوﺟﮫ اﻟﻣﻌﯾن‬ •
( BDR) ‫اﻟﻣوﺟﮫ اﻟﻣﻌﯾن اﻻﺣﺗﯾﺎطﻲ‬ •
DROTHER •
show ip ospf neighbor •
ip ospf priority •
Cisco 71
71

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‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ :2‬ﺗﻜ ﻦ ‪ OSPFv2‬أﺣﺎدى اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬

‫‪Single-Area OSPFv2 Configuration‬‬

‫ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ و اﻷﻣﺎن واﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎ اﻹﺻﺪار ‪7‬‬

‫ﻋﻧوان اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬ ‫ھدف اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬

‫‪R1(config)# router ospf 10‬‬

R1# show ip protocols | include Router ID

‫‪Point-to-Point OSPF Networks‬‬

‫‪Router(config-router)# network network-address wildcard-mask area area-id‬‬

‫‪R1(config)# router‬‬ ‫‪ospf 10‬‬

‫‪R1(config)# router‬‬ ‫‪ospf 10‬‬

Router(config-if)# ip ospf process-id area area-id

R1(config)# router ospf 10

R1# show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

R1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

‫‪R2# show ip route | include 10.10.1‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Configuration change at R1:‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Result at R2 :‬‬

R2# show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

R3# show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

‫‪R2# show ip ospf neighbor‬‬

R1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

R1# show ip route | include 10.10.2.0

‫‪R1(config)# interface g0/0/1 R1(config-if)# ip ospf cost 30‬‬

‫‪R1# show ip route ospf | begin 10‬‬

R1# show ip ospf interface g0/0/0

‫‪R1# show ip ospf neighbor‬‬

‫‪Router(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval seconds‬‬

‫اﺳﺗﺧدم اﻷﻣر ‪ no ip ospf hello-interval‬واﻷﻣر ‪ no ip ospf dead-interval‬ﻹﻋﺎدة ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬ ‫•‬

‫‪R1(config)# interface g0/0/0‬‬

‫‪R2(config)# interface lo1‬‬

R2# show ip route | begin Gateway

R1# show ip route | begin Gateway

‫‪R1# show ip ospf neighbor‬‬

‫‪R1# show ip ospf interface brief‬‬

‫ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷ ﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ إ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﻟ ﺚ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔ ﺬ ‪ 2OSPFv‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ وﺗﻜ ﻦ اﻹﻋﺪادات اﻷﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺠﺰء ‪ :1‬ﺗﻘﻴ ﻢ ﺸﻐ ﻞ ﺷ ﻜﺔ ل ‪ OSPF‬أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫•‬

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