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    mean value theorem

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    9 views8 pages

    Differentiability and MVT

    Uploaded by

    atulya singh
    mean value theorem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 8
    entiable at x =0. Prove that f(x) is conti 2.4 Rolle’s Theorem : Ifa function f(x) defined on [4s 5] is such that cous in the closed interval [4, b]- fe on the open interval (a, 6) and ts at least one value of x, say c, where @ f(x) is continu [Agra 1982, 90, 92, 98 differentiabl @ Se) is Gi) (= s(d), then there exis! 5, such that f”(c) = 0 [a, bj it is bounded in [a, b} Let M = sup fand Since fis continuous in a0, c-he[a, 6] = LEN=LO <9 > Le D=LO 29 = lim L(e-h)-FO 9 h0 -h me Lf'(c)29 (ii) Similarly from (i) Seth sf (9, Vh>o, erhelae) A Text Book of Ca, oe ut, re pility Ler W=LOR is a Hene polynomial function f(x). Here a and b are the . theorem root of the equation f(x) =0. oa Exar Since a polynomial function f (x) is continuous and differentiable at every point of its domain and we have taken f (a) = f(b), therefore, all the three conditions of Rolle’s Solu theorem are satisfied and consequently there exists a point c€(a,b) such that degree 2 F'(0)=0, ie, ifa and b are any two roots of the polynomial equation f(x) =0, the é there exists at least one root of the equation f(x) =0 which lies between a and b. | ANS or ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES iB ne or Example 1: Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for Th If Satisfi ol Solution: Here f(x) =0 when x=0 and x =3. intery: wy pigs and ea” Value Theorems terval ; tia! is di: \ ven eunciion JC) 12 dncontlnuoll ae a oi in te since, NES neorerm doos nov apply to the given function. € Ro piscuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for 22> ple 2? oersamle foyel=e-3) yon: Here) =0when x =2 and x= 4, Now oat sol! poe? 3 == 3 3 (x3)! - ‘ that /’(&) does not exist at x =3. But this i: i i unos tt GNSS a vm eet ned He, Rl ply to the given function, ( hn cme Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f(x) = (x a)” (x—b)" val fa, b] where m and n are positive inte ... gers. A inthe i, Here, f(x) =(¢— a)" (x ~ 5)" alah =0when x =a andx =b. Th i Getty fe) Owner. = b. Therefore, f (a) = f(b) =0. Si epee ese J @)isapolynomial in and therefore ciate inte, i ALS" fame ay" (& =b)" +n(x-a)" (x-b)"! =-a)""! (eb) =! [(m-+ n) x = (ma + nby] Therefore f(x) is differentiable in (a, 6) gered Sot i) which exists. fs sas f(e)satsfies all te three conditions of Rolle’ th i ells wc at tis e's theorem in [a, b} Also for the f'() Ee henke ee i me (since x #0,x #5) ‘Thusisan interior point of (a, b), since itisa point dividing the line joini id jnremally in the radio m:n. Thus ee f'(e)) =0 where x, = ma+nb (a,b) men Hence, there exist 2 point x; in (a, b) such that f'(x;)=0, and therefore Rolle’s theorem verified. Example 4: Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function fax —6x? +11x-6 Mewatone We have f@)=x> =r +1le—6 which. is a polynomial in x of degree 3 and so it is continuous as well as differentiable for all real values of x x) -6x? +11x-6=0 Now, f (x) =0 gives ae ca (-1)-5e(e-D 460) 0 ne (x-1) @? -52 +8) —— (4-1) (-2) &-3)=0, bes #=h2? oe ywy=0=f0)=f0) ‘ ___If'we take the interval {1,3} then all the three conditions of Rolle’s ineorem isfied in this interval. Consequently there jg at least one value of x in 1, 3) for which f” (x) =0. A Text Book of ¢ popaestt=o z 12 or *: postmen 5 t il Now. _enas vind Tet 649 a2% 7 oe s ‘both the points * pended i * ae, - VF theorem is verified e Jet pen verve (13) Rel ; ie are ake the trea [1 2} ene" Me point =2-( G ia i. ope ne ae Senos point. If we take the interval (2. 3}. then the , iso com (x) satis Sad te ia equa beer (2,3) and f7(3) =08t this point po ace(a 3 xample 5: Verify Rolle’ theorem when see sinx,a=0, b= x hee The function f(x) = €* sin xis continuous as well as differentia) orn (ii) and | she whole R. So f(2) is continuous in (0, and differentiable in (0, n). We have (0) =e° sin0=0 and S()=e* sin r=0 cus: ° SO) =f) Remar (O) Fins /() satisfies all the three conditions of Roll’s theorem in (0, x} Therefo ££ there must exist at least one umber, say 6 in the open interval (0, x) for SO=0 ben ‘Now, Sia) =e sinx +e cos x= 6% (Sinx +008 ¥ a k and | (cen . A nef fsnxteoos = V2 e* sin| x += er pied “ respectively 7 From f’(x)=0, we get yee sin(x4 =0 [ee 40, Ven | is equal to the > x 7 =0,+7%,+2n, eae eet " out of these values x = Right lies in the open interval (0, x). Thus the Rolle’s theorem is verified. Societe Oa ce 2.5 Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem OR First Mean Value Theorem: ae function f(x) defined on [a, ) is such that . (1) f(x) is continuous in the closed interval [a, b}, sbi (2) f(x) is differentiable in the open it 4 i ypen interval (a, b), then there exist a point c <(a, 6) such that (Agra 2007, 2010) S(b)- ae! Proof: If f(a) = ‘i ssume that WE oa so Sanam sre case of Rolle’s theorem, hen? rit lil? and Mean Value Theorems one FQ) =f) + Av fi) os on et Awill be so determined that F (x) satisfies the conditions of Rolle’s « me! eves F(a)= Fb) f(a) + Aa = f(b) + Ab vt Awe LO=L(@) ba oadii) _egyand Ax both are continuous ina, bland differentiable since Yn (a, 6] and differentiable in (2, 6). ee ‘fies all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem, abso Os F(x) sath ence 306 (%) ‘such that F’(c) =0 ies L(+ A=0 em 77 rao i) andi, We Bet fo iii) pi(o-LO=L@ b-a Remark? bees =h,c=a+Oh. Then h>0 and f)-L@) _ yr j= BETTI besos Leriate) = "(a +h) le Slath)=f(a)+if'(a+0h), 0<0<1 Geometrical Interpretation of Mean-Value Theorem : Let A and B are two points on the curve y= f(x) whose abscissae are a and b respectively. The expression LO)-f@ bea coining the points A and B on the curve y= /(*). isequal tothe slope of the secant line j Y 1 y= fo) 1S) - £(@) Fig. 2.2 ‘The mean-value theorem asserts that there exists a Po! - between A and B such that the tangent line at this point is paral Hence, if the abscissa of the point P bec, then the slope of tht (6), so that nt Pon the curve = f@) Ile! to the secant line AB. e tangent at this point ou sptliv ifthe curve joining two p, ‘must be a point P on qh", bee parallel to the chy," ue theorem or the fir tt .e theorem’. Mey . cet boca 7 ae 3 | and differentiable in te | “ A Text Book oy Cor, leu e-1 / a Te See or xcet 1 xe* or 1+x

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