University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

Department of Architecture
ARCH 216: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3
Name : Ralph Patrick Oga
Section : BS Architecture 2A

Criteria Buddhism Confucianism Taoism/Daoism

Spatial • In Chinese Han • The division of areas • Monasteries

(Space) Layout Buddhist temples, into male and female, typically have a
& Zoning the Main Hall is interior and exterior, structure and layout
the paramount superior and inferior, that suits both the
indoor religious internal and external spiritual and
location, for which affairs, and a mundane needs of
acoustic quality is hierarchical code of their communities :
very important for conduct. a central area that
several Buddhist • Room distinctions: has a place od
rites held within; North - Living rooms, worship and
however, the (Grandparents and meditation, a
sound field in the head of the family) kitchen, refectory,
Main Hall has not South – Guest rooms shops, stables and
yet been analyzed and kitchen animal hutches,
scientifically. East – (Eldest son and huts for solitary
• Buddhism's great his family) practice, memorial
temples West – (Younger sons hall, and cemetery.
influenced and their families) • They follow
Chinese • Closed Compounds mainstream Chinese
architecture – a • The great Chinese models in their
counter to philosopher argued basic layout, imitate
Confucianism's for an ordered society Buddhist structures
condemnation of founded on the in their buildings
complex buildings concepts of ceremony, and their names,
as an filial piety, loyalty, and continue
extravagance humaneness and traditional Daoist
• Chinese’s spatial gentlemanly community centres
planning has to behaviour. They are and meditation
face a lot of issues ethical principles and retreats.
in order to led to the layout of • Major concepts: it
accommodate geometrically ordered indicates the
and meet this cities on a north-south following Vastness,
process of axis with dwellings Incompletion,
urbanization. facing south. Balance,
rapid urban Oppositional,
construction, Boundary, Scarcity,
massive industrial and Formlessness
production and
population
concentration
have led to
unsustainable
 challenges for the
planning practice.

Building Form & • Architectural • Characterized as a • The architectural

Character Forms : system of social and type are Traditional
large communal ethical philosophy style and Ba-gua
spaces, inspired rather than a religion. style
three types of In fact, Confucianism • Structures: Taoist
architecture: the built on an ancient temple, Funerary
stupa, the religious foundation buildings, Imperial
Buddhist to establish the social palaces, nunneries,
monastery values, institutions, altars, and huts.
(vihara), and a and transcendent • Tao said a majority
sepulchral ideals of traditional of both Taoist and
monument (the Chinese society. Buddhist temples
caitya), a stupa • Has multi-tiered roof were built with
that holds no temples, courtyard, wooden structures
relics. residential design, in the ancient times.
• The architectural school, funerary "And that has also
styles of Buddhist buildings, and palaces made them
temples in China vulnerable to fire,
were mainly and difficult to
formed in three preserve in the long
periods: Han term," he said.
Dynasty (206BC-
220), Northern
and Southern
Dynasties (386-
589), and Tang
Dynasty (618-
907).
Common • Sanchi, Madhya • Forbidden City • Great Wall of China
Building Pradesh • Temple of Literature • Summer Palace
Examples • Nalanda, Bihar • The Confucian Mansion • Quin Ling Tomb
• White Horse Temple • Cemetery of Confucius • Quingyang Palace
• Bodh Gaya, Bihar (Qufu) • Temple of Heaven
• Longmen Grottoes • Temple of Confucius
• Shaolin Temple
• Barabar Cave, Bihar
• Sarnath, Uttar
Pradesh
Reference List

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. (2020). Effects of spatial elements and sound sources on
sound field in Main Hall of Chinese Buddhist temple. Https://Asa.Scitation.Org/. Retrieved 2020, from
https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/10.0000758

• “The Spread of Buddhism Among the Chinese," Buddhist Studies: Mahayana Buddhism:
Chinese, accessed January 07, 2018,
https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/china-txt.htm.

• Khan Academy. (n.d.). Confucianism. Https://Www.Khanacademy.Org/.

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/whp-origins/era-3-cities-societies-and-empires-6000-bce-to-
700-c-e/35-development-of-belief-systems-betaa/a/read-confucianism-beta

• Confucian Planning. (2021). Gardenvisit.Com. Retrieved 2021, from

https://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/garden_landscape_design_articles/sacred_gardens/confucian
_planning

• Kohn, L. (2000). The Layout and Development of Medieval Daoist Monasteries. The Layout and
Development of Medieval Daoist Monasteries. Published. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23658699

• asiasociety.org. (2021). Confucianism. Https://Asiasociety.Org/. Retrieved 2021, from

https://asiasociety.org/education/confucianism

• Travel China Guide. (2021, April 20). Chinese Buddhist Architecture. Https://Www.Travelchinaguide.Com.
https://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/architecture/styles/buddhist.htm

• XU WEI. (2016, October 6). Religious structures influenced by traditional Chinese culture.
Ttps://Www.Chinadaily.Com.Cn. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2016-10/06/content_26977761.htm