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THE I{AMMOND NOVACHORD

.. . .,,1. . A MANUAL tr.ORTHE S.ERVICETECHNICIAN

"' . + t
S econdEdition
''. jj;

Hammond Lnstrument Company

4200 W. Divet."y Rrrur,.ru
Chicago 39, Iiljnois

t 05 l
fi

STARIING

EXPRESSION
PEDAT

PEDAI.S
SUSTAINING

SUSTAININGPEDAI.

Iq"n xgvlgggnD

Figure 1

Stre.clf I cat lono

Dirnonslone:
t?ldth, 52 rl\ lncbes
Doptb, t5 tF nn
Bol.ght (closed.) ls tl\

Flnteh: Jmerlcan fralnut

lfet6bt r !00 pounde f,etglt packed., If\ pou-nds

Satta6o: U{c
 OF THE NOVACHORD
OPERATION
Ttre Novachord ls unlque aloong rnuslcaL lnstn:rnents ln that the
p l a y e r n a y co n tro l th e ttattacknr ox gr owth and decay char ac ter l s ti c s ,
of the tones produeed ln addj.tlon to havi^ng avaiLable a rlde rerrge
of effectlve tone qualltles.
T h e c on tro l p a n e l l n n e diately above the keyboar d, illustr ated ln
flgures 2 and 3, contalns the varlous controLs affectlng the tones
o f t h e l n stru n e n t. B e l ow the' keyboar d ar g tbe sustalnlng p edal s
a n d t he e xp re ssi o n p e d al. ( See figur e 1")

sE\RT-rI0 TIIE NovAcHoBD

A slngle swltch at the rlght end of the control panel turns the
lnstrunent on and lllumlnates a snall pilot llght
Al-low about thlrty seconds after turnlng on for the vacuum tubes
t o w a rm u p . T h e n 1 l ft and r el- ease the iever mar ked nstar ter n.
T h e N ova ch o rd i s n o w re ady to pfay.
TONE CoNTB0L$
T h e f i rst si x co n tro l s at the left side of the contr ol panel ar e
t h e t on e co n tro l s. n D eep Tonen is a Jow pass fir ter whlch em pha-
slzes the lower frequencies; nFlrst Resonatorrtr nsecond Resonatorn
a n d f r T h i rd R e so n a to rn a r e tuned cir cults which er nphaslze pa r tl c ur ar
r a n g e s o f fre q u e n cy; n Br ir Liant Tonen is a high pass fi- Lter w hi c h
e m p h a sl ze s th e h i g h e r fr equenciesl and I' Fu- Ll-Tonetr passes a r f
f r e q u e n cl e s e q u a l l y.
T h e t on e e o n tro l s a re connected in the output clr cult of th e tone
g e n e r ato r a n d a ct o n a l l notes of the instr um ent. Each has thr ee
l o u d n ess p o sl ti o n s 1 n a ddltion to tfOffn. W hen all- slx ar e nQfftt
n o s o un d n a y b e p ro d u ced by the lnstnr nent.

BALANCEB

T h e B a l a n ce r, l o ca te d i n the center of the contr ol panel, sl l ghtl y

r e d u c es th e vo l u me o f the lower hal"f of the keyboar d bi shu ntl ng
flxed reslstors across the output circults. In posltlon J (strong
b a s s ) f t 1 s o p e n a n d .h a s n o e f f e c t .
\
BRTGBT-MELI,OW CONTROL

Thls control, located above the Balartcer, affects the entlre key-
bodrd except the lower 18 notes. In the mellow positlon it c.Loses
s w l t c he s w h l ch re d u ce the har monlc content of the tone by lntr o-
d u c l n g co n d e n se rs l -n to the contr oL tube clr cuits.

AT T A C KC ON T R OL
t h g t on e o f th e N o va ch or d r oay be nr ade per cusslve, wlth a sh ar p
a t t a c k a fte r w h l ch th e tone gr adually dles awayr or the ton e m ay
be nade to have a perceptlble perlod of growth after whlch it is
sustalned as long as a key is depressed. These effects are governed
by the attack control whlch 1s located at the rlght of tire baLancer,
The attack contrcl has seven posltlons ranging from npasttf to nS-Lown
a n d o p e ra te s a n u l tl -co n tact swltch whlch var les the oper atl ng
v o l t a g e a p p l l e d to th e key c1r cu1ts.
Page 2.
I
II FIRST SECOND THIRD
D E E PT O N E RESONATORRESONATORR E S O N A T O RB R I L L I A N T
T O N T FULLT O N E
ERIGHT

I orF ,off
oFf gff ;xt,.. BALANCER

I .t .t
t.

I -3
.2
--2
-3 .3
.?
t.
I

FIGUN.E2.

The coiabj:ratlon eontrol 1s a rnechanlcal devlce vrhich sinu-Ltaneousry

moves all controls necessary to ootairr two contrasting types of
t o n e m o s t g e n e r a l l - y u s e d . I t h a s t w o p o s i t i o n s , n P e r c u s s j - o n na n d
nSlngingn. l'lhen the other controts are operated, the corebination
eontrol in most cases returns to a neutrai posltion ha-f ilay
between 1ts operatlng positions.

VOi,III{R.CONTROL

T h i s c o n t r ol i .s su p p l e me n ta r y to the expr esslon pedal a:r d ser ves

t o l 1 n 1 t t h e ma xi m'.rnvo .L u meof the instr unent yet pr €ser ves the
fu1l raage of the expresslon pedal. ft has four posit:-ciis, position
{ bei.ng the loudest.
VIBRATA_CONTROLS
The vlbrato controls introduce a p'eriodic varlation in frequency
or pltch of all notes. This efl'ect is produced by six vioratlng
reeds wlth1n the instrument. r r N o r m a LV l b r a t o t r a n d I ' S n a . r -V
r ibraton
co n t r o l s ea ch i n tro d u ce a cer .tai- r : amount of thls effect. I' Nor mal
Vibraton p r o d u c e s a g r e a t e r variatlon than r r S r n a t rVj.bratofrr and
both nay be used together to increase the effect.

VI B R A T OST A R T E R

Thls device is used to start the notion of the vibrato reeds each
tine the I'iovachord1s turned on. The reeds wiII oI'ten statt
themselves, but for reliabre operation they must be star.ted
nanually, after whlch they are kept in motion by electrical steans
as long as the lnstrulent ls turned on. A gentle rilt arrd release
of the l-ever 1s sufflcient to start the reeds.

Page 3.
MELLOW NORMAL SMALL
COMEINATION VOLUME VIBRATO VIBRATO STARTER
.T?[",.,Sttot*Ercu6sroN .l{t6H
off ott LIfI AND TTttASI @
ON
t.
.4.
t.
t.
6.
7.
\ l\
tio,,
6
orF
stow ON

F I G U R E3 .

FIPBESSION PED]\L
The expresslon pedal of the Novachord ls slnllar to the nswel-ln
p e d a l o f an o rg a n a n d i s u seC to r egulate the volune of the lnstr u-
nent. I t o p e ra te s a va rl a b -Le condenser connected in the pr e-
ampllfier clrcult.
SU S T AI N I N GfE D A L S
The sustaining pedals, located on either slde of the expresslon
p e d a l - , a r e s i m i l a r 1 n e - f f e c t t o t h e n d a r n p e rn p e d a t s o n a p i a n o .
T h e y c a u s e t h e t o n e s o f t h e N o v a c h o r c it o s u s t a i n a f t e r t h e p i a y i n g
keys are released by removlng cut-off oie.s fron the control tubes.
T h e b a s s s u s t a l - n l n g p e o a . l " ,t o c a t e d a t t h e r e f t , a f i e c t s o n J - y t h e
lower 36 notes of the keyboard, while the other two operate over
the entlre keyboard. The pecals affecting the entire keyboard
are dupllcates ln order to allol the piayer the optlon of uslng
elther foot for operatlon.
U SE O F T R E C O}i T R OL S
A c o n v e n i en t a n d q u i ck me thod for setting the contr ol- for a
certaln tone color is flrst to move the coinbination control to
elther nPercusslonn or ttSingingn, depending on which general
effect j.s deslred, and then to adjust the other controj,s as may
be necessary. The settlng of the controis to produce a certaln
to n e c o l o r ma y b e e xp re sse d by a f or nu- la such as the f ollour ing:
B\
S303300353Nv
The flrst Letter (f or S) shows the position to vrhich the conbl-
natlon'controi should be nqved; the io1J-owing slx numbers refer
to the slx tone control,s; { means that the bright-urelloiv control
l s s e t a t n B r i g h t n a n d t h e - B a - l - a n c e ra t 3 . T h e n e x t t w o n u m b e r s
refer to the setting of the attack and volume controls (if one of
them 1s to renain as set by the cornblnation contro}, a dash may
b e s u b s t l t u t e d f o r t h e n u m b e r .)
The last Letters shorvthe posltlon of the vlbrato control,s - NV
f o l r r N o r m a lV i b r a t o r ' , S V f o r t t S n a r l V i b r a t o t t a n c i V V 1 ' o r b o t h
vlbrato controls. If neitl:er viorato ls to be used no deslgnatlon
ls necessary.
Page.{.
 t. ,

$CHEME0F OPERATION
T 't € t o n e s o f t h e N o va ch o rd o rl g i nate lp vsssr r r ntube osclll,ator and
vider clrcults. Flgure L2 lllustrates the operatlon of the
oscrllator and dividers for tlie slx nAn notes of the lnstrument.
fhere ls a sinllar osclllator and five diviciers for each of the
other notes of the rauslcal scale. As there are twelve notes ix
the nusical scale, tirere are twe.lve oscll,lators and slxty dlvlders
ln t he N o v a c h ord , o r o n e to n e -p qoducing tube for each of the sevent y -
two playing keys. The twelve osciLlators operate at the frequen-
c le s o f t h e h l gh e st o cta ve o f the lnstr unent ( f to p incj.uslve) .
Ea c h fr e q u e n e y d l vl d e r l s a n o n - linear am plifler oper ating 1n such
a m a n n e r t h a t l ts o u tp u t si g n a l has half the fr equency of 1ts
ln p u t s 1 g n a l , a n d th e re fo re th e musicaL inter vai between two con-
secutlve dividers i-s one oc'tave. Referrilg to Figure L2, it may
b e s e e n h o w t h e d l vi d e rs a re ca scaded and ther eby supply the
dlfferent octaves of the note nAtr.
Associated with eacii osclllator and wlth each divider 1s a control
tube whlch acts as a valve operated by a playing key. There is
one control- tube for each of the seventy-two praying keys. Slgnals
f ro rn t h e o s c i - l l a to rs a n d d i vl d e rs ar e allowed to pass thr ough the
control tubes when e playing key j-s iepressed, after which tney
are rn o d i f l e c as to q u a l l ty i n the contr ol- box and pass on to the
ampllfication, systern, which drlves two tweLve-lnch dynamic speakers.
crncgrT pIAGRJ-L{S
. , ure 1 3 i s a sch e ma ti c ci rcu i -t of the entir e lnstr u:lent, exc- Luslve
o r t he a m p l l f i ca ti o n syste n a n ci tir e power supply unit. Thls
diagram shows the osclllator and the vibrato clrcuit of instruments
serial nunbered 1700 and above; other clrcults, hourever, are iden-
tical in al-l Novachords. Fitures 9 Lo 23 irlustrate in detail
typical sectlons of the liovachord clrcuits.
T he re s l s t o r aa d co n d e n se r n u mber s, such as nRll 4t or t' CN 3n ar e
a s s lg n e d a c c o r dl n g to tL re l r u se in the ci.r cuit, r atner than actual,
re s is t a n c e o r ca p a ci ty va l u e r 8 s the actual va]ue may vEr r y fr om
note to note or octave to octave.
OSCILLAJ9RAND VTBRATOCTRCUIT- NOVACHORD SERIAL N0. 1699 AND BEL0W
Flgure Id shows the oscil-lator and vibrato clrcuit used ln Novactiords
serial- numbered below 1699. The tuning coil- has a movabre core
s e c t io n a c t u a t ed b y a th u mb n u t ior tuning r ir e lnstr um er :t. Thls coi l
l s s h u n t e o b y tw o co n d e rrse rs, C N LL and CN !2, one for r ough tuning
a n d o n e f o r f i - ne tu n i n g . T h i s l s a hlgh e tuned cir cuit r equlr ing
1ittle feedback vortrrge and provldlng elcel-l-ent stablrity of
Cperatlon.
Triode L d r i v e s trl o d e 2 tL rro u g h a voltage dlvidlng netr ' ;or k and
aiso provides a signar tlrrough RN 19 to the highest octave control
tube. The output of triode 2 is connected through feedback resj.stor
RN' I / + t o t h e g rl d o f trl o d e 1 a nd ar so pr ovldes a signal to the
f "st divider tube.
The vlbrato clrcuit assoclated wttn the osclll,ator perlodically
v a r l e s t h e o s c l L l , a t o r f r e q u e n c y b y r o e a n so f B v i b r a t l n g r e e d ,

Page 5.
nagnetlcally drlven, whlch detunes the circult sllghtl,y at each
vlbratlon o f th e re e d . Ther e ar e slx r eeds vlbr ating at diff'er ent
rates, each produclng the v l b r a t o e f f e c t f o r t w o o s c i l - l - a t ors.
E a c h i r l bra to sw i tch sh o vrn il Figur e 14 1s par t of a twelve g ang
srltch operated by a slngle controt k n o b ' .
! ' b e s n al l vl b ra to sw l tch , when Closed, connects condenser CN 33
across a portlon of the osclliator tunLng coll, thus -Lowerl-ng
t f r e o s c l L l a to r fre q u e n cy, each tine the r eeci contact closes. T he
mean frequency ls slightly i.owerecl frou noroal, but to such a
small degree that it is not objectionable.
l t r e n o r ma l vl b ra to sw l tch similar ly connects CN 32 ln the os c 1l -
l a t o r c l rcu l t, b u t l n th l s case the condenser is r ar ge enough to
l o w e r t h e me a n fre q u e n cy to an objectlonable ciegr ee; ther efor e,
t h e m e an fre q u e n cy l s ca used to r enr aj.n nor mal by r enovin5 cc m pens ati on
c o n d e n se r C l l 3 L fro rn th e clr cuit when the vibr ato switch 1s c i os ed.
T h e o s c l L l a to r i s, o f co ur se, or iginaLy tuned wlth CN ) I in the
clrcult. The reed c o n t a c t s , w h e n p r o p e r l y adjusted, are ciosed
o n e h a l f o f th e tj -rn e ; th er efor e, CN 32 is twice the value of C N 3I.
gScILLATOR ANp VIBRATO_CIRCUIT- NOVACHORD SERIAI NUM.BER 1700 AlrD ABOV
Flgure L5 shows the osci.Llator and vlbrato clrcuits used in Nova-
chords serial numbered1700 anC above. Triode 1 of the 6CE-G
t u b e 1 s p a rt o f a co n ve n tional oscil"lator clr cult inciuding tuni ng
c o 1 I a nd co n C e n se rs C N l -L and CN r 2 as tur ting constants. Tri ode
2 o p e r a te s a s a n a rn p i i fi e r connecteci in such a m anner as to i n-
crease the apparent capaclty of condenser CN I7 as the galn of
t h e t u b e i s i n cre a se d , ther eby changing the fr equeney of the os c j .l -
l-ator
The vibrato reed, by chang,ing the grid bias of triode 2, causes a
perlodic change in gain to take prace. Switches ftsmail Vibraton
a n d n N orma l V l b ra to n b ri n g tr iode 2 j"nto oper atlon and cor r tr oi the
a m o u n t o f ch a n g e i n g a i n pr oduced by the vibr ato r eed. Resls tor
n N 4 0 a n d co n d e n se r C N 1 6 act as a I' li,ter to pr event the vibr ato
r e e d f r om n a kl n g th e ch a nge in gail in tr lode 2 too abr upt. T hi s
fl1terlng actlon makes the vlbrato effect smoother and more pleasing
to the ear.
DIVIDER AXD CONTROL
CIRCUITS
Flgure 16 shows typical divider and control tube clrcults.
T h e t i p e o f fre q u e n cy d l vid.er used in the Novachor d d.oes not, os c 11-
Late, but the clrcult constants are so chosen that the dlvider tube
r e s p o n d s o n l y to a l -te rn a te cycles of the input fr equency and ,
therefore, lts output nas half the frequency of the input. If an
oscl]Lator ceases to operate, al-l- the di.vlders associated. wlth it
wlll also fall to operate. The dlvlder tubes operate continuousJ-y.
T h e s : l g n a l , l s n o t h e a rd , however , unti.l- the cor r esponding co ntr o.L
tube ls caused to functlon.
B a c h c o n tro l tu b e 1 s n o rrnalJ- y cut off, and cannot functlon unti L
the assoclated playing key 1s depressed and ail-ows cathode current
to flow. In addition to this functlon of keylng the s1gnal, the
c o n t r o l tu b e s mo d l fy th e wave for m of the slgnal so as to lnt r oduc e

Page 6.
harmo n l c s a n d e n rl ch tl re to n e . The degr ee of enr ichment thus
DroviCed ls controlled by'tire n B rlght-ilellown switch assoclated
i, , f t n e a c h t u b e a n d o p e ra te d b y a single i< nob on the contr ol panel.
The Lowel eighteen notes of the instrument are not so affected
a s C N 3 0 w l t h l t s a s s o c i a t e d s w j . t c h rl s n o t u s e d o n t h e s e n o t e s .

Flgure 17. shows the contro] tube _as adapted for use with the oscll-
lators whieh furnlsh the slgnal for'the highest octave of the
Novachord.
F igu r e 1 8 s h o w s th e d l vL d e r cl rcult as used 1n the iolest octave
o f t h e l n s t r u me n t.
Each frequency dlvlder 1s a non-11near arnplifier operating in such
a way that lts output hab exactry half the frequency of lts lnput
s1gna1. A typical dlvider circuit i s s h o w r ri n F l g u r e 1 6 . I t s
operatlon lxay be roughly oescrloeo as foirows.
The steady-state plate current of the tube, about .2 rnit-Lianpere,
c a u s e s a d r o p a c r o s s t h e I n e g o h r nb i a s r e s i s t o r R N 6 o f 1 9 8 v o l t s .
This opposes the -I92 vol-t fixed oias supply anC Jeaves a net blas
of about 6 votts on the tube.
Supposethat e slgnal cones from the preceding divider or oscil-
}ator. It is a shalp-poinreo l;ave ano sucicenly s,akes the grid. Eo
posltlve. The resultin6 flotli of piate current increases tiLe drop
a c r o s s R N 6 a n d r n a k e s t i r e c a t h o d e a l s o g o s u d C e n - L yp o s i - t i v e . Since
the chan5e is very rapi-o, 1t acts through CN2 to uai<e r,he grld
iore prsitive r so that the grlci re;airrs positive even af ter the
l n p u t v ; a v e h a s p a ss e d . l ' , h e n e v e r t h e t u b e 1 s t r i p p e d , t h e r e f o r e ,
lt operates until the cathoie anC prate potentiais are so nearry
nl ike thet nl ate current can no longer froli. At this tfuae both
c a t h c d e a n d g r l C a r e a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e s a . r ' ep o t e n t l a l ( r e p r e s e n t e d
by Lhe peak of the wave in Figure 4) ano CN3 is charged to a cor-
r e s p o n^Q
i*^
rng voJ'lage.
N o v rt h e g r i d a n C e a t h o C e b e g l n t o f t o a t t o i v a r d g r o u n d . T h e g r l d
potentiar (C 1n F'igure 4) goes dovn at a rate deternined by ieakage
f rom g r o r . m Cth ro u g h R N 4 a n d F .N]3 lnto CNz and CN3 1n ser les.
The cathode potential (f i.n Figure /+) 6oes ooilrr at a rate determined.
b y th e r e a k a g e fro m -i -9 2 vo l ts thr ough RN6 into Cn- 3. The tlm e
eonstants of these tvlo circults are so acijusted that G f-Loats
d o w' n f a s t e r th a n K .
Thus, when the second lnput cycle arrives and raises the grid
potentialr lt stlll does not go aoove the cathode and so the tube
renains cut o f f . The sl:aded part of the cui've 1s the portion where
the g r i C - t o - c a t h o C e voitage is sufficient to keep the tube cut off.
T h e t h i r d i n p u t c y c l e , h o w e v e r , i i n q s t h e v o r t a g e - L o we n o u g h s o
that it trlps the tube and produces another output cycJ-e.

Suppose that the cathocie froe'ts do'*rrtoo rapidlyr or the grid fl-oats
dov;ntoo slonJ.y. The cathcoe errd grio potentials are then so close
t o ; : e t h e r t h a t t h e s e c o n c li n p u t c y c j - e i s a b l e t o t r l p t h e t u b e . T h e
':be rvlLl-now operate on every lnput cycIe, its output rv1ll irave
-ne saincfrequency as 1ts lnput, and the note wll-l play an octave
h1gh.
Page ?.
S u p p ose , o l th e o th e r hand, that the cathod.e floats dovr n to o s l ow l y ,
or the grld too fast. The potentlal dlfference vriIl then be great
enough to m a k e t h e t u b e rnlss not onry the secono input cycle 6ut
the thlrd a s w e I I . Tne tendency is then to dlvlde by three, but
a dlvlder of thls type does not readily dlvide by three. Tnere-
f o r e it rv1 l L ml ss th e four th input cycie also ar :d thus dlvi de by
four.
A dlvlder can theoretlcally be nade to dlvide by any number, but
f o r u n e ve n n u mb e rs a n d for nunber s above four the clr cult i ,s un-
stabl-e. In practlce, therefore, only three condltlons occur:
(f) the note dlvldes by two and piays the rignt pitch t (Z) 1t
dlvldes by four and plays an octave iowl or (3) 1t does not olvide
at alL and plays arr octave high. rt can be seerl by observatlon
o f t h e w a ve s th a t th e change { ' r om one condltion to another i s
gradualr so a note that ttpiays aJl octave Jowtr1s not a pure note
of the lower octave but nerely has an audlbLe sub-octave component.

I S T .I N P U T 2 N D .I N P U T 3 RD.INPUT
CYCLE YCLE CYCLE

FIGURE4

Page 8.
P L A Y I N OK E Y C I R C U I T
! ! e cl r c u i t o f a typ l ca l p l a yl n g key ls shown ln Flgur e 19 with
c o n n e c t L o n s t o th e n a tta ckn sw i tch. Ther e ar e thr ee contacts
u n d e r e a c h k e y, o f ',vh l ch tw o make contact wlth bus- bar s. Bus-
b a r n An e x t e n d s th e l e n g th o f the keyboar dr whlle the ttCut- offn
b us -b a r l s l n fo u r se ctl o n s, e ach at a differ ent cut- off potentlal.
lb e n a t t a c k n srl tch , l o ca te d l n the iontr or box" var ies the potential .
of bus*bar nAn between gror.nd and -260 volts. fhe potentlai of
nAn deternlnes the inltlal lntenslty of the note shen a key is
depressed and. that of trCtf determj-nes its flnal lnteirsity wlth
the k e y h e l d do w n . T h e re fo re r if $An ls at high potentlal and
ncn 1s at low potentlal, the attack w11l be fast or percusslve,
a n d t h e n o t e wl l L sta rt a .t h i g h level and decay to a low l,evel.
Wit h r An a t l o w p o te n ti a l a n d trcn at high potentlal, the note
r s ll1 s t a r t a t l o w i n te n sl ty a n d bu1ld up to a hlgh level. Inter -
medlate positj-ons w111 glve speeds of attack and decay between
these extremes. If both rrAnand ilCn are at the same potential,
t h e n o t e w i l - l h a ve co n sta n t a mplitude ano w111, ther efor e, be
sustained.
Ea c h c o n t r o l tu b e 1 s n o rn a l l y pr evented fr on oper atlng by the vc- Ltage
o f t h e t r C u t - o f f n b u s - b a r , a c t i n g t h r o u g h r e s j . s t o r ' R N i O . Y J h e na
key i.s depressed, ccntact sprj-ng 3leaves the nln bus-bar and
touches sprlng 2, r;hlch 1s stationar;'r. At the same tine spring 1
breaks contact with the rrCut-off n ous-bar.
-efore the key is depressed, ccndenser CN8 1s charged to a potenti.al
- e t e r m i n e d b y t t A r ra . n d r t C r ra s a d j u s t e d b y t h e n a t t a c k t t s w i t c h .
Wh e n s p r l n g 3 i s mcve d fro n tb e bus- oar to spr lng 2, thls voJ- tage
charges CN?. Current then passes from thi"s coridenser over the
keying read to the cathode of the controJ- tuoe, anci the note
sorinds. l{hen the key 1s reLeased the note will decay rapidly as
C N ? d i s c h a r g e s t h r o u g h z u ' 1 1 0 ,u n l e s s t h e s u s t a i n i n 5 p e d a i i s d e p r e s s e d .
Trh{c noA=1 nnsn5
lrr+r yvse+ vtl contact I on alr- keys and rnakes the decay slov;er
since CN7 can then discharge oniy tnrough tne controj- tube.
The initlal potential of CNBis deternlned largel-y by the voitage
n A n s i n c e R N I 2 i s n u c h s m a . L L e rt h a n F . N l l . W i t h t h e n a t t a c k t t s w i . t c h
set at nfast?'the pctentlal nAn will be nigh. If a key ls then
d e p re s s e d a n d h e l -d ti o vrn , th e n ote vr iLl sound suddenly, tiien decay
s l o w l y u n t l l - C N Aa p p r o a c h e s t h e p o t e n t l a r o f n c r t . I f , o n t h e
o t h e r h a n d , t h e a t ' u a c k s v r l t c h l s a t n 5 f s e l r ta n d n c r t 1 s a t h i g h e r
potentlal- than flArr, the rrote wil-l start at iow intenslty and oulLd
up as CNg charges
C O NT R OB
LO X
Flgure 20'llLustrates t h e c o n t r o i t u b e o u t p u t c o r r n e c t i " o n st o t h e
control box and the resonant clrcuits in the conbrol box whlch
make availabl-e the rnanyolfferent tone co-Lorso1' the Novachord.
Each resonator ls tuned to a different audlo frequency and is
controlled by a variable resistance across it.
^e trbrifllBnttr tonel ndeepn torie, and nfultlt tone controls are
s1ro1lar1y equlpped wlth variabl"e resistors. These variable
Page 9.
r e s l s t ors a re a ctu a l l y swltches with fixed r eslstor s, and so ar e
not subJect to near as ln the usual type o1'control-
W l r e n a n y re so n a to r l s shor ted out by setting lts var labie r es l s tar nc e
at zetor lt, of course, has no effect. The nfulltrtone control
D a y U e u se d a l o n e to p rovlde eyqn t' r equehgl r esponse and noayal ,s o
b e - u s ed to va ry th e sh a r pness of tr :ning of the r esonator s.

T h e v ol u me co n tro l , a s witch connected to a r eslstar r ce capac l ty

networkl supplenents the actlon of the expresslon pedal. The
h B a l a n ce rn sw l tch co n n ects flxed r esistor s acr oss r eslstor s R N 23
f o r t h e l o w e r h a l f o f the keyboar d. These r educe the str en gth
of the bass notes.
PgE-Al{PLTFIER
T h e p r e -a rn p l l fl e r cl rcu l t, iltustr ated ln Figur e ZLr lncludes the
e x p r e ssl o n co n tro J co n denser which is oper ated by the expr es s i on
peda]. T h i s co n d e n se r is var lable and is ar r angeci 1n a ciegener ati v e
feed-back circult so that a reductlon in lts capacity increases
t h e v o L u me o f th e l n stru ment.
T h e v oL u me a d Ju stn e n t condenser is inser ted in the pr e- anpll fl er
l n p u t cl rcu l t to se t th e vol- ume of the Novachor d at the pr oper l ev el
before it Leaves the r-actory. (fixed mica conclenser1n sone un1ts.)

Flxed blas 1s obtalned from the -J-9?vort dlvider tuoe bj-as supply.
A p o r tl o n o f th e p o w e r am pllfier output slgnal is fed thr ough a
s u l t a b l e n e tw o rk i .n to the cathode of the 6J5- G tube so as t o
o p p o s e th e ca th o d e si g n al and thus r educe the hr tm level.
Radlo frequeney lnterference ls prevented by a 50r000 ohm resj.stor
ln serles wlth the controJ grid of' the 6J7-G tube. The output
t r a n s f o rme r h a s a 5 0 0 ohm push- puil output.
I f t h e N o v a c h o r c ii s t o b e p l a y e d t h r o u g h a s e p a r a t e t o n e c a b i n e t ,
1 t s o n 'n l o u d sp e a ke rs may be discor r nected by r em oving the si gnal
wlre from the speaker blrroing post located on top of the pre-arap11-
fier ehannel. If this signal wlre 1s removed it rnust always be
e o n n e cte d to th e o th e r binding post, which is gr our r ded thr ough a
1"2ohn resistor, in order. to prevent oscil.lation 1n the feed-back
clrcul t.
Por'ryRAMIJ,IFIER
T h e p o w e r a n p l l fl e r, i l l ustr ated ln Flgur e 22, is a standard fl am r ns nd
O r g a n a mp j -l fl e r u sl n g two type 56 input tubes and four 2A3 tubes 1n
push-pul1 paralle}.
Any standard Banmond 0rgan tone cabi-rret nay be connected to the
Novachord 1f addltional volune 1s deslred. The 5 conductor cable
used wlth these cablnets nay be connected to the extra receptacle
l n t h e I'l o va ch o rd p o vre r am plifler . Only one extr a anpJifj.er s houl d
b e c o nn e cte d l n th i s manner , otiter s belng cor ur ected to all e x ter nal
source of AC povre{.

Page 10,
 queltY UNIT
Por,vgB :- ' : :-.'-
.j...iirt,. .: . '.,:.
:1.:;.,,:,: .-
The power supply unlt ls iilustrated in Flgure 23. Thls unlt
^ 'u rn l s h e s a } l - p 1 a te , scre e n , g rld and keying voltages needed 1n
the Novachord and employs an unusual nethod of fj- Lter lng using
vacuum tubes to take the place of the usual fllter condenser s.
, l;--'

..,:gpctlf 1er tube A stlpplles 27A voits between terninals ,S abd 9 , | ,, .

.flltered by tubes B, C, and D. . The filtering action of t6ese tubes
niti
t's. as foi.lows r r:.. , r r.i : ...
t .'

.,i.-.,1:A:."

$uppose a srnall ripple appears in the 27O voLt llne. It tiifff be

inpiessed on the cathode of tuDe B through condensers C32 and wiil
b e a n p l i f l e d by tu b e C . T h e a mplified r lpple w1i1 then appear
ac ros s R 7 ? a n d w 1 1 1 d ri ve tu o e D, whlch is the actua} f1lter , and
t he p l a t e c u r r e n t o f tu b e D w i rl change ln such a way that lt
oppo s e s t h e o rl g i n a l ri p p l e i n the l- jne and caneels lt out. Any
h igh f r e q u e n c y rl p p l e tn e o scj .l lator s nay lntr oduce into the power
s upp l y 1 s a l "so fi l te re d o u t p y thls system .

Tu b e s E, F a n d G o p e ra te sl ml l a r ly for the 70 volt tap on the

voltage dlvlder network. The portion of this voltage divlder
b e t we e n t e r m l n a l s 6 a n d 5 i s to cated in the keyboar d and is shovr n
1n Figure 20.

Rec t l f l e r t u b e J su p p l i -e s 2 6 0 v olts for keying. Tube I fur nlshes

1
-r9 2 v o l t s b i a s fo r th e d l vi d e rs and the pr eam pr lfier , whlle tube
s u p p l - 1 e s5 0 v o i t s E o t h e v l b r a t o d r l v i n g c o l l s .

A '10 w i - r e c a b i e co n n e cts th e p ovier pack to tir e ger r er ator ter nlnal

panel. T e r m l n a l 1 0 o f th e r1 pole plug 1s connected to a shield
o n t h e t w o 2 6 0 vo i -t w i re s.

Page Il.
 ASSruBLY
CONSOTE
TTIENOVACtsORD

The Novachord consoLe contains four najor assemblles: the

g e n e r a t o r a n d co n tro i b o x assenbly, power supply 9l1t and
power ampllfler. A11 of these assenblles are easlJ,y accessibLe
for servlclng.
A card glvlng lnstructions for 1nstalllng and preparing the Nova-
chord for use and outllnlng slnpJ.e malntenance procedure wil,I be
f o u n d a tta ch e d to th e u n der side of the hlnged top sectlon of the
console case
1 . h e g e ne ra to r a sse rn b l y i n c l- udes the oscillator , divlder a- nd c on-
trol tubes and thelr respective circuit com;onents, control box
a n d p a n e l , vl b ra to me ch a nisn and pr e- anplifier .
T h e k e y b o a rd ch a ss.i s a ssembly includes the piaying keys and.
c o n t a c t s w i th th e l r n o u n ting par ts and also the channeLs con -
talnlng the coqdensers and reslstors for the playing key clrcults.
CSJERATORASSE,TIBLY.
The top of the generator is accessibre by opening the top section
of the console case. Thls case top is hi.nged at one end and
f a s t e n e d t o t h e c a s e b o t t o m a t t h e o p p o s i t e e n c ib y a i < n u r l h e a d
screw. Whenopen, the case top is held in position by a canvas
strap.
Figure 7 shovrsthe layout of tlre top of the generator. The generator
l s d j - v i d e d l n to n l n e trch anr r er sr rm ounted on steel angles. Ea c h of
the first flve channels includes divider and control tubes for
one octave; the sixth eontains control tubes only for the top oc-
tave; the seventh is the oscllLator channel; and the elghth and
nlnth contaln the vlbrato and pre-anprlfler respectively.
Ea c h o f th e fl rst se ve n char r nel- s has a ir inger i cover . The hin ge
r o d s a r e n o tch e d to fo rr:n switches and ar e coupled to the nBri ght-
MelLown controL. Condensers and resistors are mounted on the
lnslde of some of the covers. (See Figures L0 and If) . Additional
condensers and resi.stors are mounted beneath the channels.
T h e c o n trb l b o x, i n fro n t of the char r neis, contalns switches and
a s s o C i a t e d c o n p o n e n t s f o r t h e r e s o n a t o r s , b a . t r - a n c e ra, t t a c k c o n -
t r o ] , v ol u me co n tro L , a n d a r :iechanismfor the conibinatlon contr ol .
T h e c o n tro l - b o x i s n e rd i n place by thr ee scr ews at each end and
two in the center.
T h e v l b r a t o r e e d s a r e a c c e s s i b L e f o r a d j u s t r n . e a tb y r e n o v l n g a c o v e r
located near the rear of the vlorato channe-t. Thts cover 1s held
1n place by three neta.l-straps screlved to tire top of the assembly.
The front sectlon of the vlbrato channei contalns the vlbrato
control- swltches.

Page 12.
T h e p r e - a m p ll fl e r ch a n n e l co n talns, 1r r addltion to the pr e- ar op11 -
f ler , a h e a te r tra n sfo rme r rvhlcb fur nlshes cur r ent for heater s of
all tubes ln the generator.
Th e u n d e r s ld e o f th e g e n e ra tor r nay be r eached as follows:
1. turn the thstrument off . Rernove generator clanplng bolts,
o n e l n c e n t e r o f e a ch e n d b l " ock.
2 . 0 n e a c h si d e o f th e g e n e rator ls a lag scr ew which flts in
a sl o t l n t h e ra e ta l g u l d e ra l 1. Llft each end of the gener ator
enough to move the lag screw fron the sLot to the depr esslon 1n
t h e r a l l J u st 1 n fro n t o f th e siot.
3. S l 1 d e the g e n e r a t o r forward as far as lt wilf B o . I t w 1 ] l
s t o p when t he scre w s l n ,the end str ike the g u i d e r ai^l- s. Be sur e
a n rator lsasf d.J wlI o.

4 . L l f t t h e frcn t o f th e g e ner ator untll lt stands ver tlcatr y

o n t h e b a c k o f th e w o o d e n d b iocks. The connecting cabl,es will
b e n d a n d t h e co j -l sp rl n g s i th l ch connect the contr oJ cj.r cults with
t h e k e y b o a r d w i l l stre tch e n ough to aliow this movenent. The
ln s t r u m e n t ma y b e o p e ra te d w l th the gener ator in thls position.
Flg u r e s B t o l L j .n cl u sj .ve sh ow the locatlon of condenser s and
resistors 1n the oscillator, divider and control channels of the
generator. The numbers used to 1dent1f.v these circuit conponents
c o r r e s p o n d to th e n u mb e rs u se d in the clr cuj- t diagr ans ( Figur es 14
to 2t)'.
CHASSISASSEi'1BLY
KEYBOARD
f h e ? 2 k e y s o f th e N o va ch o rd ar e molded fr on Bakellte and Plaskon
a n d m o u n t e d o n me ta l ch a n n e l s. Key tension is pr ovlded by flat
sprlngs. C on ta ct a ctu a to rs a r e nour ited on the key channels and
are adJustable by meansof set screws. The keys, contacts and as-
soclated nountlng parts coroprlse the keyboard assenbly.
Th e k e y b o a r d ch a ssl s a sse n b l y includes the keyboar d assem bly and
t h e t w o c o n de n se r ch a n n e rs n o unted on the wbod end blocks. Thes e
c h a r u e e L sc o n t a i n t h e c o n d e n s e r s a n d r e s l s t o r s a s s o c l a t e d w i t h t h e
key ci-rcuits.
Con d e n s e r s C N B a n d re si sto rs RNl"r , RN12, RN33, RN3? and RN3B ar e
rno u n t e d o n t b e to p o i ' th e a ssenbly and ar e accesslble when the
generator ls 1n a verticaL posltlon. CN7 and RN}Oare mounted on
t b e u n d e r s i .d e o f th e ch a n n e l s.
To r e m o v e k eyb o a rd ch a ssl s a ss er nbr y end r each cN? and RN 10 pr o-
ceed as f oLl-ows:
]. R e m o v ef o u r b o l t s w h i c h f a s t e n c h a s s l s t o c a s e b o t t o n r .
2. Loosen steel tape coraectlon to sustainlng pedal at back of
l-eft end of keyboard chassis.
3. R e n o v e t w o se l e w s h o l d l n g keyboar d to the ur lddl,e of wood.
front ralL.

Page 13.
4 . ? h e ke yb o a rd ch a ssls may now be llfted and tlpped oack to
r e s t ag a l n st th e u rrd e r slde of gener ator . Be car eful in J'l fti s g
t h e k eyb o a rd so th a t the cable clamp at the botton end of the
generator does not eut lnto the keycoard wirlng.

W h e nr e p l a c l n g t h e k e y b o a r d c h a s s i s , b e s u r e t h a t t h e r e 1 s n o
vlslble o p e n l n g b e tw e e n the chassis and the wood fr ont r al1.
T h e s usta l n l n g p e d a l a dJustment wlll- not be cor r ect if ther e i s
an openlng.

P0irvTRSUPPJ,YUNIT

The power supply unlt ls spring nounted on the upper shelf located,
a t t h e b a ck o f th d i n str ument. r t nay be r emoved-for r bpla c e-
m e n t o r se rvl ce b y w l th dr awlng cabl- e connectlons and r emovi ng a
r u b b e r b u sh e d re ta i n e r at each end of the un1t.

F l b r e w a sh e rs a re i n se rted beneath the two r ear nountlng spr i ngs

so that the unlt 1s supported in a level- position. rf these
w a s h ets a re re mo ve d ., th ey should be r eplaced in or lginal p os l tl on.
o n e t hl ck a n ci o n e th i n washer goes unoer the r eft r ear spii ng
and one thlck washer goes under the rlght rear sprlng. the iwo
front sprlngs do not requile any washers.

POll,ERAMPIIFIER
T h e p ow e r a n p l l fi e r 1 s mounted on the ioyr er shelf at the bac k of
t h e l n stru me n t l n th e sam e m anner as the power supply unit. rt
m a y b e re mo ve d i n th e sam e &ar uier as the power supp:- y unit.

Page l.(,.
 A}IALYSISOF TROUBLES

: v lcl n g t h e N o va ch o rd n e e d n o t be unusually dlfflcult. If adequate

r,oo}s, eorrect r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s , a n d a l o g i c a l , m e t h o d l c a l approach
a r e u s e d , t h e l a r g e n a J o r i t y o . f r e p a l r s r t . e yb e n a d e e a s i l y a n d q u l c k l y ,
wlt h t h e a s s u r a n ce th a t th e l n str ument wii.l glve excellent ser vj.ce.
0 n t h e o t h e r h a n d , a h l t o r n l ss pr ocedur e ls sur e to r esult 1n los s
of tlne, needless replacenent of parts; and unnecessary repeat calls.

EQUIPMENT

In ad d l t l o n t o th e u su a l to o L s car r ied by the ser vj.cem an, an osclllo s c ope

Ls ln d l s p e n s a b l e w h e n w o rkl n g o n dlvider cir cuits. A pair of cr ystal
h e a d p h o n e s , i n se rl e s w j -th a 2 negohn r es- lstor and a .0L mfd. block l ng
condenser, w1lL al,so be useful. Bowever, whenever headphones are cal-led
for 1n this manual, the oscilloscope nay be substituted. An accurate
o h m m e t e r r e a d i n g t o a t L e a s t 5 r n e g o h m si s n e c e s s a r y , a s i s a n u l t i -
range voltmeter with a reslstance of 11000 ohns lier volt or hlgher.
Voltage readlngs glven are based on a 11000 ohms per volt meter. A
s t o c k o f r e p a i r p a r t s , a t l e a s t e q u i v a l . e n t t o N o v a c h o r d F a r t s K i t N r i : n b e r2 ,
available from the Easmond Instrument Conpany, must be on hand.

PEOCEDUF.E

T h e in f o r m a t l o n o n th e fo l L o vri n g pages ls ar r anged accor dlng to the

p a rt o f t h e N ova ch o rC to vrtri ch the sym ptons or ser vlce oper ations l- i s ted
ln the sub-headlngs relate, A step by step rnethod of repair shourd be
il-o w e d . I f th e i n stru .n e n t d o es not oper ate at alt, the tr oubl- e is
p r. 'ob a b l y 1 n t h e p o vre r o r a mp l i fi catlon cir euits, and this r nust natu r ar l y
be corrected first. T h e n , a n y t r o u b l e c o m m o nt o a l l n o t e s s h o u l d b e
re p a ir e d b e f o r e a tte mp tfu :g to w or k on tr oubles wltb ir r dividual note s .
From thls polnt onr a ntop to bottomfr order shoul-d be observed. If any
work on oscj-llators appears to be necessary, including tuning, lt shouLd
be done before working on dlvider or control tube circuits, except as
necessary to make the tuning possible. Next, the b.ighest note which
ls no t o p e r a t l n g p ro p e rl y sb ro u rd be r epalr ed. If the di.fflculty with
tbis note happens to b e in lts divlder circult, correctlng thls one note
w111 probably correct all of lts lovrer octaves, whj-chwould also bave
b . e e n o p e r a t l n g l n co rre ctl y. T h us, 1n this and other ways the ntop to
bottornn method saves ti.ru€ and confusj.on and aLways resuJ.ts ln a tnore
satlsfactory Job.
TUBE TROUBLES

In order to avold the needless repetltlon of elementary naterial, al1

s erv lc e l n f o r n a ti o n 1 n th l s n a n ua.L assum es that the Novachor d 1s
equlpped wlth good tubes and that ar1 are flghting. Special care must
be t a k e n t o b e su re th a t th e tu be lnvoLved 1n the par tlcular clr cult
belng worked on 1s normal. Substltution of a tube known to be good -
from a slnlLar clrcult that is operatlng properly, for example ls
reconmended. In speclal cases, addltlonal suggestlons regardlng tubes
are lncluded where approprlate.

Page 15.
 I. - C ON TROL
AND POW ERSUPPLYCIRCUITS

All precedlng g e n e r a l l- nfor natlon, par tlcular ly the

l ntro d u ctl o n to thls sectlon, should De read and wrder-
s t o o d b e f o r e s t u d y l n g the follor vlng r nater ial or
a tte n p ti n g to -r . vorn' -:- i n t h e N o v a c h o r d .

l. Syrnptom - no notes sound.

a. See that all tubes are 1lghted. turn all resonators to
p o s i tl o n 3 . i {o ve th e attack swltch to tr fastn ano then to ns .Loy r n.
I f th e l n stru me n t fa i l s to oper ate in either positlon, r e m ov e the
s h l e l d ca p fro n th e p r eampli- fier 6J7g tube and touch the gr i d c ap
on the tube. A.loud hum indicates that tire preanplifier and
power ampllfler are operatlng.

S h ou l -d n o h u m re su l t when the gr ld cap is touched, r enove one

of the power anpllfier 56 tubes. A ioud cl1ck indlcates that
t h e p o w e r a n p l i fi e r i s oper ating anci thus the pr eam piifier
must be at fault.

The absence of a click when the tube is renoved suggests trouble

ln the poeier amplif ier or l"ouC speakers. Be sure the volce coil
termlnal wire on top of tl^e preampiifler i-s on the iront terminal,
otherwlse the speakers are disconnected.

Next check voltages at the generator poiyer terminals. Indivldual

v o l t a g e s s h o u . l - dn o t v a r y b y m o r e t h a n \ O f " f r o n t h c s e i n d i c a t e d
on the card beside the terroinal- p':rel. .For a coiry of this see
Flgure 24. However, atl voltages may var! as much'as 15%,
provlded that alL variatj.ons are 1n the sameciirection. If a
voltage 1s Jow or absent, check the power pack (nigure 23) and
the cable leading to j.t.
b. Whenall- notes faiL to play only with the attack control
set at nfastn, the trouble is probably 1n the ttAn keylng voltage
supply. be -27A vol-ts with respect to
Thls voltage sLrou-Ld
ground when the attack controL ls at nfastn.

c. If a l l n o te s fa i l to p.t' ay only t- or nsl,owtt attack, the ngn

keylng voltage 1s probably absent. Thls voltage appears between
ground and a roetal solderlng strip at the back of the rear
c h a n n e l , o n th e ke yb o ar d. r t should be - 270 with the atta c k
controL at n5f6ylt,

d. The folJ-owlng table shorrys'approxlnateDC voLtages for

varlous attack control, posltlons. . i 3 o t h n A n e , . n dt t C r rv o l t a g e s
are convenlently measured at the top end of the cutof:.' oivlder
resistor panel Jocated at tiie uirt)er right end of the keyboard
assembly. ncn 1s connected to the reft sol,der fug and t'An
to the nlddl-e soJder lug.

Page 15
 P0SITIoN
ATTACKSrflrTCH A C _
268
2 -235 -24

L -L25 -L25

-2t, -_235
7 9 -268

T h e s e v o l ta g e s n a y va ry fr on l0 to 15 per cent.

I f t h e vo l ta g e d l ffe rs w1dely fr om the above table, r enove t he

c o n t r o L b o x p a n e l a n d check tbe contacts of the attack swltc h.
S h o u l d tro u b l e o ccu r a t nsf6sr tr attack m ake sur e that the nCn
v o l t a g e a p p e a rs a t a l l p oints along the cor unonbus bar at the
b a c k e nd o f th e ke yb o a rd condenser ar r d r eslstor channel.

2. Synpton - One note, notes not related by octavesr or notes reLated

by octaves but not lnclud.ing lovrest octave of note, fa1l to sound.
If note ln.Lowest octave fails to sor:nd, see also Section II ].
a. A test shoul-d flrst be made to deterrnine whether the note
ls dead on both rtfs5ln and nslown settings of the attack switch.
If lt sounds on elther one, the divlder and control tubes are
b o t h o pe ra ti n g , a n d th e tr ouble ls pr *bably i:r the keying cl r c ui t.

If a note sounds wlth the swltch on nfastn but not on nslowr,

RNLl 1s open or there 1s a loose connection to the ncn potential.
I f a n ote so u n d s o n n sl o wn but not on ttfastil CNB m ay be open
or a key contact nay be dlrty. The fatter troub.l-eis corrected
b y n o v l n g th e b u s b a r sl l ghtly. Thls may be accomplished by
m o v i n g a sn a fl , l e ve r b e neath the r ight end of the keyboar d.
b. Sh o u L d th e n o te fa l i to sound on elther ilsl,own or nfastn
a t t a c k , se e th a t a J.] co i r spr lngs cor ur ecting the keyboar d to
the generator are ln place. Now renove the spring for the note
1 n q u e stl o n a n d g ro u n d the cor r esponding gener ator ter m lnal.
T h e n o te sh o u l d so u n d so1' t- Ly. Gr ound adJacent ter m inal,s and
c o m p a re l " o u d n e ss o f th e signal. ff the note sounds, the contr ol
t u b e ' l s o p e ra ti n g a n d th e tr oubLe is pr obably ln RN9 or RNI2.

I f t h e n o te d o e s n o t so uld with lts ter m lnal" gr ounded, tr y

g r o u n d ln g th e ca th o d e te rm lna] of the contr o] tube thr ough a
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 o h m re sl sto r. The note shouici then sound at moder a te
lntenslty. If 1 t does, RN? nay be open or dlscorrnected. If
1t does n o t s o u n d see that there are no Loose connectlons on
the control tube socket. If the note stll.t falls to sound,
g r o u n d o n e te rn l n a l , o f a set of ear phones ancl connect the o ther
slde to tire controJ tube grld cap. A noderatery Loud slgnal
of the correct pltch shouJd be beard. Llsten to adJacent
tubes for conparlson.

Page I7.
 If no slgnal 1s heard, see lf the control grid ls grounded. Next,
c h eck fo r th e sl g n a l at the dlvider cathode. If the si.gnal appear r
here, but n o t a t t h e c o n t r o J t u b e g r l d r N I o r CN5 must be open. ,
I f tfre s1 g n a 1 1 s p resent at the contr ol gr 1d, see that the
p r op e r se re e rl p o te n tlal, abou! 25 voLtsr lf pr ' gsent. The v ol tage
i t ttre p l a te tb rro l n al var ies fr om about 200 volts on the J ow er
n o te s ta 1 5 0 vo l ts on the hlgher . Conpar i.son wlth other s tages ,
as descrlbed ln S e c t l o n I I - 1 - b , i s h e l p f u l .

c. If th e n o te w h l c h does not sound 1s 1n the lowest oc tav e,

t h e ca u se ma y b e 1 n elther contr oL or dlvlder clr cults. T he
trouble nay be lsolated qulckly by checklng wlth headphones for
a si g n a l o f p ro p e r piteh and intensity at the cathode of the
d l vl d e r tu b e . If th e cor r ect signal is pr esent, the dlv l der 1s
w o rkl n g a n d th e tro u ble ls ln the contr ol- clr cuits. If not, the
d l vl d e r l s a t fa u l t and shouJd be checked as descr lbed i .n
SectlonII-1-b.

3. Synptom - One note sounds contlnuousJ.y.

8. If any one note sounds contj-nuousJ-y at -Low volu:le, disconnect

t h e co rre sp o n d j .n g g eneiator - to- keyboar d coll spr ing. If the
n o te n o l o n g e r so u n dsr look for a gr ound in the key clr c ui t.
I f 1 t st1 l l so u n d s, the keyboar d end ol RN7 ner y be gr oun ded.
b. A n o te w h i ch so unds at full volum e contiluously r oay be
s i m i l a rl y ch e cke d . If it stops sor u:ding when the coil s pr i ng
1 s re mo ve d , ke y sp ri ngs 2 and ) ar e pr obably naklng per manent
contact. I f 1 t f a l t . s t o s t o p , C N 1 5m a y o e s h o r t e d o r t h e
c o n tro l tu b e e a th o d e m ay oe other wlse gr ounded.

4. Sy m p to n - F o u r n o te s fa il to sound.

If four consecutlve notes faiL to sound, the trouble 1s

p r ob a b l y l n th e co mnon pJ.ate lead to the contr o] tubes o f
t n e fo u i n o te s o r i n tfie output networ k ( :.n the contr ol- box )
c o mmo nto th e se n o te s

5. Sy m p to m - H r.u no r ra ttl e s.

8. A me ch a n i ca l h u n or r attie 1s usuar ,.t' ytr aceab- Le to a

warped or torn speaker cone or to loose parts near ttie
s p e a k e r s . A d a r o a g e dc o n e w j - j - J r- e q u i r e t h a t t h e s p e a k e r b e
exchanged or the speaker head (cone and frame assemoly) oe
replaced ivith a new one.

b. If an objectionable I20 cycle hu:l ls heard in the speakerst

1t may be due to a 6J7G tuoe wltLr ]oose el,enents. The heater
t r an sfo rme r mo u n te d at the en< i of the pr eanpllfler chao nel
may set up a urechanical vibration of these elernents. 8e-
placlng the tube will correct this condition.

c. A warn-up hum or nolse occurrlng when the lnstrument is

f l r st tu rn e d o n l n d i c ates that the er nission fr our the 5V l +Gtube
ln the power pack j.s iovr. Replace wlth a new tube to over-
cone 1t.

Page IB.
 II. AND DIVIDEIi CIRCUITS
OS C IL L A T OR

1. Syn p t o r n - Tw o o r n o re o cta ve s l lncludlng the lowestr of a note

do not sound.

s.'' Slnce each dlvlder operates on the slgnai fron the next
b l g h e r octa ve , fa l l u re o f an oscj- llator or dlvider wir i- pr eve nt
all, lower o c t a v e s o f t h a t note from operating properly.
Thus, 1 f s e v e r a l o c t a v e s of a noter incruCing the lowest, are
rholly o r p a rtl a l ,l y l n o p e ratlve, the tr oubJ"e 1s pr obably in
t h e h l g h est d i vl d e r th a t ls not nor m alr or 1n the oscil.lator ,
l f n o o c ta ve o f a n o te so unds. If the Lowest octave of a
note p l a ys D o rtra l L yr 1 t 1 s appar ent that ar l dlvlder s for
t h a t n o t e a re o p e ra ti n g a nd faiiur e of notes to sound is due
to controJ tube c l r c u i t s . S e e S e c t i . o n I 2.

b.' Repairing oscj-llator and divider circults j.s accompllshed

most readiiy by neans of the comparison of a defective stage
with one that is operating normaiiy. Thus, comparing, by means
of an osclfloscope, the wave shape and anplitude or- a signal
at correspondlng polnts in two osciJlator or divider stages
w 1 1 1 q u l c kl y sh o w w h e re the s1gna1 devlates fr or n nor ' na.l- .
Af s o , D C vo l ta g e s n a y b e cor npar ed in a sinilar m anner v;ith
a voltmeter. Care shoul,d be taken in thls conparison rnethoci
t o b e s u re th a t th e sta g e taken as a stanciar d. j"s r ealiy ,vor king
at peak perfornance, and j.s not on the verge or'I'aiiure,
ltself. Conparison of severai stages shouid elirainate this
possibllity. Deternlnation of the particutar part at fault
m a y b e m a d e b y t h e c u s t o m a r y m e a n s , t h a t i s , m e a s u r e m e n to r
substitutj.on. Short circuits t o g r o r i , : r ds o n e t i u e s o c c u r
and roay oe found with an ohmmeter. Ii'1t has b€en necessary
to repair arr osci]Lator, be sure to cireck the tuning.
See Section II 3.
c. If only the top octave operates, and at the wrong
frequenc;r, check the oscirtator as above, lvith special
a t t e n t l o n to th e tu n i ri g o oi.l- and condenser s.

2. Syn p t o r n - On e o r mo re o cta ve s of a note sound an octave high or J ow .

Ii,IPORTANT

T h e fo l l o rvi n g i n fo rnation shouLd be studied

very carefully. FaiJure to understand and
follow the procedures outlined here is sure
to resu-l-t 1n faj.l-ure to effect a satisfactory
repalr.

a . I t 1 s l n d e a l -i n g w i th cor nplai- nts of this natur e that

the ntop to bottomn method of worklng is vitaily important.
It cannot be enphasized too strong.l,y that whj.ie a note may
play the rvrong octave, generally too high, the trouble rnay
very weII be originating in a higher divlder stage or in the
oscll"lator. A s t a g e m a y d i v j . d e p r o p e r l y b u t b e s o m e w h a tl o w
in output. Thls lack of output roaybe inaudlbie, but it can
eause a Lower stage to be difflcult or J.nposslbre to adjust.

Page 19.
b. The general schene for locatlng defectlve parts ls the
s a me a s d e scrl b e d 1 n Section II j. a and b. However ,
s p ecl a l a tte n tl o n rn ust be gi.ven to what r nlght appear to be
negllglbly snall.variations 1n anplitude and wave shape.
For exarnple, 1f the}owest octave of a note falls to dlvlde
properly, the flrst thlng to check 1s not the circult components
of thls s t a g e , b u t , b y 6 e a n s o f a n o S c l l l . o s c o p e , t b e o utput
of the S-g!!4g!g.9 for that note. If compar lson wlth the
osclllators for notes that are operatlng perfectly shows that
thls oscillator ls normal, cheek the output of the flrst
dlvlder b y th e sa me nethod, and so on down to the polnt w her e
a de vl a tl o n fro n n o rnal output ls noted. hhen thls poin t 1s
f o r :n d , n e ce ssa ry re p air s should be nade befor e pr oceedlng to
t h e n e xt l o l e r sta g e . In nany cases, it wil- l be found that
no repalrs are necessary o n t h e lower octave w hich had seemed
to be out of order, although adjustnent of tip l-ower octave
d l vi d e rs o f th e n o te shour d oe car el' u- L- Lychecked in any eas e.

c. The wave shape of the output of a properly operating

d l vl d e r w l l -l - b e q u i te sir nil- ar to that shovr n oelow.

F I G U R E5 .

T h e h a r m o n i c i n d . i c a t e d a t r r A t rs h o u l - d b e a s s n a L i a s p o s s i b l e ,
and in the ideai case may be eliminated entirely. The
comparison method outllned earller w1II serve as a guide to
the patterns obtained with olvlders in various states of
adJustment. Mren it 1s necessary to work on a dividerr BD
oscilloscope test o.i the other divlders shouid also be made
in order to detect anci correct any approaching troubl e 1n
other stages

d. If a note sounds an octave high at afproximately rtormal

volume, CNd of the prevlous dlvlder may have lncreased in
capaclty. Thj-s ooes not necessarily cause the previous
stage to divide incorrectly, but ciecreases its output,
causlng the folloiving stage to divlde poorry. It has been
found that over a perlod of years the capacity of the
condensers tends to lncrease, in some cases consiCerablyr so
ttrls possibility shoutd be investigateo carel'ul1y. Cathode
eondensers CNJmay be open or adjustnent reslstor RN13may
need checking. See Section II 3 b e f o r e c r a n g i n g a dj u s t r n e n t
resistors. Check cathode resistor RN6 carefully for lncrease
ln vaLue.

If a note sounds an octave high at lou volume, the cathode

r e s l s t o r R N 6 , g r i d c o n c j e r r s e rC t i 2 , o r t h e s u p p r e s s o r L e a d l r a y
be open.

Page 20.
 I f a n o t e so u n d s a n o cta ve lower than lt shouldr RN /, or the
a d J u s t n en t re sl sto r n a y b e open or of the wr ong value.
Beslstors tend to increase ln reslstancer so care shoutd be
taken to neasure tben wlth an accurate ohmmeter. Also,
l m p r o v l n g th e o p e ra tl o n o f a hlgher octave stage nay have
s o l n c r e ase d th e si g n a l a pplled to a dlvider that the
a d J u s t n e n t re sl sto r n e e d s to be changed to one of lower
reslstance. See Sectlon II - 3.

3. Selectlng adJustment reslstors.

8. To sone extent, 1t ls posslole to adJust divlders that

tend to sound an octave hlgh or low by neans of the
a c l J u s t n e n t re si sto rs R N 1 3, held in cltps under the hinged
c o v e r s o n to p o f th e g e n e rator . Exper ience has skr own,
h o w e v e r , th a t w h e n 1 t b e cones necessar y to change ar l
adJustrnent reslstor there 1s usually sone condltlon,
generally 1n a hlgher octave, that needs correcting. U,llth
a properly servlced Novachord, 1t should be possible to
s e t a d l vl d e r l n th e n i d d l e of lts r ange of nor oaL oper ation
w l t h a - r ra d Ju stn e n t re si sto r of l- .7 to 2.5 m egohr os. The
v a l u e u se d w 1 l l " d e p e n d o n the values of r esistor s and
condensers and tuoe characteristics in higher octaves, all
o f v r h l c h ro a y b e w i th i n to l er ances but all- teni.ing to pr oduce
e l t h e r a stro n g o r w e a k si .gnal., with a cum uiatj_ve el' f ect
on the low octaves. A1so, RN4, which is in parailel with
the adjustment reslstor, may be at ene or the otlier of the
extreroes of its tol-erance. It nay occasionahy be found,
t h e r e f o r e , t h a t u n u s u a l l y J - o w , t o 1 . 2 m e g o h m s ,o r h i g h ,
t o 3 . 5 me g o h ms, va l u e s l xay be necessar :r in an ilstr um ent
t b a t 1 s o th e rvri se n o l ma i . i' iben, a{ ' ter car ei' u_Liy consider ing
the precedlng lnformation, it is decided to change a
dlvlder reslstor a f t e r r e p a i r s o n a d l v i d e r h a v _ eb e e n
nade, f o r -
exampre alr dividers, incruding the highest octave
should be checked, regardless of whicb dj.vlCer 1s thought to be
t h e o n e th a t re q u j -re s a d Justment.
b. The obJect 1n seJ.ecting an adjustment reslstor 1s to
f i n d t h e va l .u e w h i ch p i a ces the divider jx tir e center of
1ts range of correct dlvj-slon. No resistor, or one of a
h l g h v a l u e r w l l l p ro d u ce a tendency to sound an octave too
low; a low resistor, a tendency to sound an octave too hlgh.
Sone place ln between 1s the best val-ue. Tire table 1n
Flgure 7 1s designed to heJ.pmake tbe selection, altho'ugh
a c e r t a l n a mo u n b o f e xp e ri ence wll.I m ake lt ur r necessar y
to use lt.

Flrst, renove the reslstor fron the clips 1n the tube

compartnent for the note being checked ln lts bighest
octave divlder, chaaneL #5. Sound the ncte and determine
whether 1t plays n0Kn or low. Then instalL a 3.5 negohm
reslstor 1n the cllps and ooserve as before. i{ake thls
test wlth each resistance value jx tne top l1ne of the chart.
Next, look ln the chart for the horlzontai l1ne that descrlbes
the resuLts noted ln the tests. At the rlght of the chart
on thls l,lne wlLL be found the resistor to be lnstal-]ed
l n t h e c l 1 p s , 1 n t h e c o f u m n h e a d e d n C h a r r n e l - s , {a, n d 5 r t .
R e p e a t t h l s p r o c e d u r e f o r e a c h . l , o w e ro c t a v e o f t l t e n o t e , l D

P ase 2l- .
 su cce ssl o n , th ro u gh tlte iowest. blhen channeLs Lt 2t c und3
bre adJusted, the reslstors shown ln the col,unn headed
b y th e se n u rn b e rs ar e used.

If a d l vl d e r l s found whose per ior m ance Ln r elatlon to the

a d Ju stru e n t re sl stor used is not descr lbed on any ilne of
th e ch a rt, th l s or a hlgher dlvj- der 1s not oper ating
p ro p e rl y a n d sh o u.ld be r epalr ed befor e Bolng fur thel. F or
bxarople, lf a dlvlder ls found that sounds an octave hlgh
. .w l th a 2 me g o h n reslstor i.n the c1lps, thls condltlon w l l t
'hot be found 1n the chart, lnalcatlng tbat a repalr is ln
" 'e 1 d e r. S e e S e ctl on II - 2, especlaliy par t d.

c. When playlng sing.l-e notes at hlgh anpiltude and wlth

b o th vi b ra to sw i tches or lr ther e nay be siight cilcks w i th
th e vi b ra to . T h is condition is nor maJ. However ., a note
w h i ch i s cl o se to playlng the wr ong octave r aay cllck
l o u d l y o r trw a rb l ett when vibr ato is used. The divlders
fo r th e n o te sh o uld oe checked and r epair ed

d. For convenlence ln se.lecting dlvider resistors, 1t ls

s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e s e r v i c e m a n a s s e m b L ea s e t o f t h e s e v e n
a d J u s t n e n t r e s j - s t o r s o n a r o t a r y s w i t c h , r o , o i : n t e ds u i t a b l y
and equipped vrlth short crip reads.

4. t u ni n g th e N o va ch o rd.
a '. C o n p l e te j l structions for tunilg accompany the tu ni ng
kits furnlshed by the factory. ile surb to use the correct
klt, as there are two, one for Novachords serial number
1 7 0 0 a n d a o o ve , and one for those with lower ser ial nuuber s .
b. If an oscillator wiII not tune to the correct pitch,
b e su re th a t vj .b rato cour pensating eondenser ClJSL is good
a n d th a t th e g ro unding contaet assoclated with this
condenser in the Nornal" Vlbrato switch is closed in the
o ff p o sl ti o n . T his r nay be checked by sor :ndlng the note
to b e tu n e d a n d tur nlng the Nor mar Vibr ato swltch off and
on. The average pitch, wlth and without viorato, should
be the same. If the pitch rises with vibrato ol'1, CN31
o r th e sw i tch i s open and r epai.r s shou1d be nade. Tbe
vi b ra to mu st b e wor ki- ng nor r nally for this test to be v aJ - i d.
See Sectlon III 2.

c. If the vlbrato circult is normal and the oscllJ.ator is

normaL in alf other respects, out wi-l-] not tune properly,
a c h a n g e i n t h e v a l u e o f c o n d e n s e r C I { 1 J - ,i n p a r a r l e l w l t L r
the rnaln coqdenser CN12, ls necessary. CN]L is sel-ected
a t th e fa cto ry fo r each indlvj.dual instr ument and has no
standard value. In early models, 1t ls located near the
o s c l L l a t o r t u b e r i c i c a p a n d i n . l - a t e r r n o d e L s1 s u n d e r
g
the chassls.

Page 22.
 I n o r de r to se l e ct th e pr oper r eplacer oent condenser , CNlL s houl d
be renoved, and a condenser decade box substituted. The knob on
the osclLlator tunlng coll should be turned 1n approxlnately oDe
turn. Varlous vaiues shou-Ld be trled until, one 1s ootalned
r v h l c h w l l L tu n e th e o sc ll- lator to the cor r ect fr equency. It nay
b e n e ee ssa ry to va ry th e knob sfightly when a value is r eac bed
c l o s e to th e p ro p e r fre quency. Ey compar ison of the decad e box
r e a d l n g a n d th e co n d e n ser pan number char t, supplied wlth thl s
n a n u a l, th e p ro p e r co n denser can be lnser ted.

I t s h o u l d b e p o ssl b l e to tune the Novachor d uslng the

knurled knob ln the osciLlator section wlthout exceeding one
and one-half turns of the larob fron the poi.nt where lt can
b e f e l t to tta ke h o l d t, after havlng been conpletely loosened.

III. MISCELTAI'IE0US

1. M e c h a n l c a l a d Ju stn e n ts

a. Key contacts associated wlth the keyboard nay be adjusted.

C o n t a et a ctu a to rs a re mounted on the key char r nels and ar e
adJusted by set screws on top of the key channels.

b. The sustai-ning pedal raaybe adjusted by renoving the

t w o w o o d scre i /s L ro l o i n g the wooi br ock at the r el' t end of
the keyboard. Adjustnent is made by loosening the nut
v i s i b L e f r o n a b o v e . B e f o r e c h a n g i n g t h i s a d J u s t r : r r e n t ,n a k e
sure there 1s no vislble opening between the keyboard chassj,s
a n d t h e w o o d fro n t ra 1 l .

c. Particles of dust or other foreign naterlel may lmpair

operation of the key contacts. Repeated striklng of the
offendlng key shoul-d free tne contacts. If this does not
help, mcve the bus bar shifter which ls plainl.v vlslble
under the rlght end of the keyboard. Should it be deslrable
to wipe the contacts, move the shifter without depressing
any keys.

d. The vlbrato reeds are also adjustabl-e. There are three

contacts on each reed equipped with adjustlng screws. The
r o l d d l e co n ta ct 1 s fo r d .r lving the r eed. ShouJd the r eed
fall to operate, thls middle contact is probably out of
a d J u s tme n t. T h e co n ta cts should m ake l' n the ualddl"eof the
reedts motlon.

1c Vlbrato

The operatlcn of the vlbrato ls described ln detalL ln

the lntroductory section of thls rnanual. Servlclng of
these clrcults 1n Novachords below serlal nusrber 1700 ls a

Page 23.
 n a tte r o f ch e ckl n g the oper atlon of the r eeds, the no r nal
a n d sn a l l vl b ra to swltches, and the condenser s assocla ted
wlth these swltches. In later models, there are aLso
re sl sto rs w h l ch must be checked. In these instr unents,
th e o p e ra tl o n o f the vlbr ato sectlon of the osclllator
tu b e l s re a d l l y d eter nlned by the com par lson nethod
re co n rn e n d e d i n S e ction II - L - b.

3. Troubles due to high hunldltY

The Novachord ernploys many clrcult eienents such as

re sl sto rs a n d co n denser s whlch nay change 1n eLectr lca l
va L u e w l th a b so rp tion of nnolstur e. Sone of these par t s
are 1n relatively c r i t l c a . j - c l r c u i t a p p l l c a t i o n s where
ch a n g e s l n va l -u e wiil adver sely affect the oper ation of
th e l n stru me n t, In instances wher e huoldity tr ouble 1s
experienced we suggest the follovling correctlve procedure:

a. Install strip heater inside generator compartment.

(See Flgure 25.) Heater klts nay be obtalned fron the
factory. AlL Novachords located in huinici'cllmates should
be equlpped wlth heaters, and instrumenti whlch are not
used frequently shouj-d oe heater equipped. These beaters
are connected so they are on at aLl tirnes, producing enough
heat to keep excessive moisture out of the instrurent.

b. D ry th e l n strrm ent out thor oughiy. In the wj- nter ti ne

1n temperate or col-d cllmates this can be accompllshed by
placing the generator in a steam heated room forr a perlod
of se ve ra l - w e e ks. Another m etnod is to J- eave the lnstr um ent
tu rn e d o n fo r se ver al oays so the heat fr on the vacuu m
tubes w111 drlve molsture out.

c. Replace parts 1n osci-Ilator or divlder circults wtrlch

are ca u si n g ti re i mm edlate tr ouble.

d . N o w c h e c k c i r c u i t s a g a . L nf o r proper operatlon, changing

dlvlder reslstors if necessary.

Page 2l+.
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x
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CONDENSER F[ifr
LOCATIONS L
o
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RLSISTOR
LOCATIONS

OSC I LLA_[-OR CL]AN NLL

NOVACI-IORD
SLRIALI.\UI.{BTRBI.LOWITOO
PARTIAL BOTTOMVIIW

B
TIGURI
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o LOCATION
S
r
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RT$ ISTOR
LOCATIONS

OSCILLATOR CUANNLL
StRIALNUMBER1700q ABovt
NOVACI-IORD
PARTIALBOTTOMViEW

TIGURI9
 o
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tL

BOTTOMVILW INSIDTOFCOVTR

TOPOCTAVICONTROL
CI]ANNT.L

nGURtt0
 DIVIDTR cor{Ih0t_
tuoe9 TUDLs

l-
Z
n
r
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BOTTOI'1 VILW INS\Dt.OF COVE.R

TYPICAL DIVIDLRq CONTR0L

CUANI\LL
SHOWINGCONDENSIRANDRTSISTOR
LOCATION
r IGURIr 1
 cor\cTF\oL POWE F,
60x AFtPI-tFrE_fl'

OPI.Al{E.|r,5

- F R E q U E N c Y DIVIDER6 FOR NoTE A-=

I^
CY,

(}
o
a
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CoN R()L tJBE.5

cor\ R OL- \.../ | Fl Es -TO KE

llt6r.tEST
A KE'Y
A KLY
4TH A KEY
3RD A KEY
IZHOA XEY

FIGLJFR.E l2
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:\
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+70 x
- 19?
:l
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.4 70
-tre
.ro o{
I
f---l
I
I CONTROL

trn r-rT'1
rl/rhtl l+1./l
itrt Njl ,ll]t]ll ;ltl,i I
| =l.i -'
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.t -J--{ !t I -r-- L__: i

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::=:

i 'r\--
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a9.]}.w liltatN

!tt{$s4
NOVACHORDS 16S9 ANO BELOW HAVE SAME
C I R C U I T E X C E" P T O S C I L L A T O R
S C t . . I fM A T I C V J I R I N 6 D I A 6 R A I - 1
F I G U R EI 3
E O R .N O V A C H O R S
DE R . { ' I 7 O O A N O A B O V E ^ C > 1 77 S O - O
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Jo'o'{
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I
A(r.t{T OSCTLL
ATOi,

srlALL vtSRArO
swrTcH
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50 Y.

oSctLLATOR q VIBRATO ctRcutTs

NOVACI-IORDg SERIAL NUI"'IBERED BELOW |TOO

ilGURI t4
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- r,g2 t OTT USEDTOR IACR VIBR^TO RIID

OSCILLTTORIND VIBR^TOCINCUIT
Iov^citoRDSERIIL UO.UoOANDABoVE

FIGURE15
 cft I
rRoH OSCILLAIoR OR RN3 TO 't(TT DIYIDER
pecct ott{6 Dtvr9ER I tl[O, a
tot lo .02
f
lr 6V CNIA
;
G

GI cfi z
'T
tooS I0.oo,l -L

DIVIDIR CIRCUIT
EXCEPT LOWE5T OCTAVE.

-,9eY. +70u. +L7o v.

3i6NAL lO COXTROL bOX

CIRCUIT
CONTROL a
0
6W7-O
0
EXCLPT HIG}.IEsT OCTAVE o
. o o o J l r 0 . . o 5 .000t ta/

"T"
o
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lnt6Hr. hrLLOw
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U F
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DrvrDt
FI6UREI6
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FROM
O5C I LLATOF.

SIGHAL TO CONTROL
BOX

0 o
o
6V7-,F
o o
o o N 0
o Z o
Z lr r{
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BRI6HT- P|LLLOW F
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CONTROL TUBL CIRCUIT

ilGURI t7
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6W7-6

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LOWEST OCTAVL
DIVIDT.R CIRCUIT

nGURtl8
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t auo aeR

G lt . 6/v'r,w- TO CORTROL
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Nu$TArN!N!__gAr,'l o
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U 5 E DI N S O M E
NOVACHORDS

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TIGUREI3
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RH 55
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I

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{,;:
TONE. {it
>1
3d: OPERATI'O IY
>1 *,ra* f SRTS|{I-ttt.LLOb,
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CONTROL BOX
SIGNAL CONNLCTIONS

FIGUREZO
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c0lrTRoL

fF voluns
AOJU
t f.4?c. t HE6. AO.r?35t-O

.oool
YO Sorooo
.o007t

fiom PowtA
OUT PUT TI,I,I.\IHI
ta
o
o
t
3

T0 r?tArcl, voct c|rl.r

-T- -r -r t[nHrfALS 0n loP 0l

PRE-Ar49LlrrLR Ct'lANRIL

--L -I -l- 30 oHt tt

= = =
, o o ,o o o

lnro ?o 3d?.6
I{EATI,R ir
r_
,
-r9sv. 6+ TO +",,60{. +'toV. F
ctt{rR0L Tvcl-t T0 iLr 0lvrotR
TUDI, HZA.riiT

* FtxED Ml<A CONDENSER ro lLL conTi,oL

IN SOME NOVACHORDS TUBI' H?ltfir

r:
Ao.t?5e9 - | llt v. 60 cY.
PRt- AMPLIFILR AO-tIr L) 'Z il 5 V. 50 CY.
Ao-l?5?9-g etov.50q0oC
FIGURE' 2.1
 votcEcorLsAREcoxNEcTED
THRU
PANEL ONTOPOPPREAMPLIFTER
CHANNEL

FIELD FIELD
250 oHt{s 5 , 0 0 0o H u s

IO GND
STUD
aDtAf,tR Ptuos
rnof,t vltr
:n
o
I

vl RIAR rln]
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F I G U R E2 A
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BRI.LX 9
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:I
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Uo lr",u ',,tCfl
\/, :) 'T THESE VALUES USED IN SOME NOVACHORDS POWER SUPPLY UTttT
f'l;lk r.F0 I r J t?r 12 ToP vrc-W

POWLR SUPPLY UNIT

 ,
.!
t
I yerx cABLE CONNECTIONS MAIN CABLE CONNECTIONS
F TO GENERATOR TO GENERATOR

oofi,-r*" SIGNALFROM
P O W E RA M P . T OS P E A XE R S
'PWER AMP, T OS P € A X E R S
-? GREEN

.#: 2 GREEN
tvrR€5
A C. INPIJT
Btlcx
+270V
REO 9
WIRES

A C INPUI
YELLOIY +70v YELLOW
A
YELLOW
c tNPt'r +3tt V. 7 A C INPLTT
GRAY ORAN6E GRAY
+34 Y.
c. ouTPuT BROWN C.OUTPUT
-200 v GRAY -t9z v GRAY
BLU€ ELUE

FOR
GROT.'ND GROUNO FOR
+ VOLTAGES + VOLTAGES
BLAC
C.OWPUT A C OUTPUf
-50 Y YELLOW
-50 v YELLOW
GRAY GR^Y
GROUNOFOR GROUNO FOR GRIO
-50 a-200 v GRID -50 &-192 V
ELACK o1
F<
EN BLACK
€N

+34 V '6 ROUND

+t7 v JC
<U 8L^CK
BROWN u z= BROWN ul
Y (,o Y

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USED IN EARLIER USED IN LATER

MODELS M OD E L S

TIGURE
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CONSOLL HEATER ASSTMBLY

lOi.I IN NQVA[,}]ORD
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FIGURE 25
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NOVACHORD

AA-2O290 Reslstors - 1 each Total- ,(2 at .11 eaeh

VALUS v3.L.rtr IA!W_

11000 ohns 681000 1 meg.
1r200 821000 l_
2 rlOO 87,OOO L.25
3rooo I00r000 L.5
3r9oo 110r00o L.15
- t,qqq or 5,100 1501000 2
10r0o0 1801000 2.5
2 2 ,OOO 2001000 or 22OrOCO 2.1
25,OOO 33orooo 3
30rooo 39orooo 4
39,OOO 4TO|OOO 3
55 |OOA 50oro0o 7
Sorooo 600r0cc 25
60r oo0 7501000 47

1 2 - P O-I7 3 5 8 -0 C o n n ectlng Spr lng- s at ,O,l+eaell

1 2 ea e h o f P a n ,# 2 5 (ruy substltr *e #26, 27, or 28) at .87 eac h

l e a c h D o u b l e & r d C o n d e n s e r sN o . f s 3 0 t o 1 3 0 1 n c l , Total LOl:rt

.87 each

Pan #30 .{0 50 61 7L 8l- q't 101 11r 121

31 41 5L 62 72 82 92 IA2 LL2 l,22
3z 42 52 63 73 83 93 103 113 L23
33 43 53 64 74 84 9/+ 104 114 L24
34 44 5l+ 65 75 85 95 105 115 L25
35 45 55 66 76 86 96 106 115 L26
36 46 56 67 77 87 97 107 Il7 L/- |
37 47 57 6B 78 88 98 108 118 T2B
38 48 5B 69 79 89 99 r0g r19 L29
39 l+9 59 70 BO 90 100 I10 I2.O 130
60

N O T I : M a n y r e s l s t o r s l n c l u d e d 1 n thls k1t dlffer slightly fr om

the orlglna1 equlproent due to RHA code. Double end c onc l ens er s
a l s o r e p l a c e a l l s l n g l e e n d for mer ly usedr