A

Technical Seminar report

On

FOG SCREEN TECHNOLOGY

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the

degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted by

SHAIK RIFATH MUZAMMIL

21BF1A05F4

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
Karakambadi Road, TIRUPATI – 517507

2022-23
SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu) TIRUPATI –

517507
2022-23

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a seminar report entitled Fog Screen Technology a bonafide

record of the technical seminar done and submitted by SHAIK RIFATH MUZAMMIL

bearing 21BF1A05F4 for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

B.Tech Degree in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING of JNT University

Anantapur, Ananthapuramu.

SEMINAR COORDINATOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my gratefulness and sincere thanks to Dr K. Shanthi, Head of the

Department of COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, for her kind support and

encouragement during the course of my study and in the successful completion of the technical

seminar.

I would like express gratitude to Mrs. B. Vijaya, Asst. Professor, seminar coordinator,

CSE Department for her continuous follow up and timely guidance in delivering seminar

presentations effectively.

Its my pleasure to convey thanks to Faculty of CSE department for their help in selection

of right theme for the technical seminar.

I have great pleasure in expressing my hearty thanks to our beloved Principal

Dr. N. Sudhakar Reddy for his support and encouragement.

I would like to thank our parents and friends, who have the greatest contributions in all

my achievements.

Shaik Rifath Muzammil

(21BF1A05F4)
 ABSTRACT

Fog Screen is breakthrough technology that allows projection of high quality

images in the air. It is currently the only walk-through projection screen. You
can literally use the air as your user interface by touching only the air with your
bare hands. The screen is created by using a suspended fog generating device
with no frame around, and works with video projectors. The fog they use is dry, so
it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long
time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals what so ever. With
two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.
It is a display device which is the application of computer graphics.

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air

humidifier. Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound,
turning it instantly into a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in
diameter. The tank’s internal design plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very
thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick. One set of fans blows the fog downwards
while the other two sandwiches the fog between air curtains so that it becomes a
smooth projection screen.
Fog Screen's basic patented technology presents an enormous number of
possible applications, sizes, forms, technical extensions (3D, for example), and
versions. It can be merged with many technologies. For example, computer-vision-
based finger tracking could enable drawing in thin air, gaming, or a "fog web
browser." With interactivity, the Fog Screen becomes an immaterial computer touch
screen with nearly unlimited applications.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 6

2 EXISTING SYSTEM 7-9

2.1 Disadvantages of Existing System 9

3 DESCRIPTION 10-16
3.1 Fog Screen 10-11

3.2 Under the Surface 12

3.3 Formation of fog screen 13

3.4 Diagram of Fog Screen generation 14

3.5 Working of Fog Machine 14-15

3.6 Fog Screen move things forward 15-16

4 APPLICATIONS 17

5 ADVANTAGES 18

6 LIMITATIONS 19

7 OPPORTUNITIES 20

8 SUCCESS OF FOG SCREEN 21

9 CONCLUSION 22

10 REFERENCES 23
 FOG SCREEN TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual reality
researchers created the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these movies
in real life.

Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows to project images and
video onto a screen of dry fog, creating the illusion that the images are floating in
midair.

Fog Screen is the world’s first immaterial walk-through projection screen. Its

Qualities, in particular the walk-through capability, set Fog Screen apart from other
displays and thus created a seemingly successful market for its products.

The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows for projections on a
thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down screen that is found in many
classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is
pushed down and held in place by several small fans, allowing for a consistent
surface for display.

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Chapter 2
EXISTING SYSTEM

A projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure

used for displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens
may be permanently installed as in a movie theater, painted on the wall, semi-
permanent or mobile, as in a conference room or other non-dedicated viewing space
such as an outdoor movie screening (open air cinema). Uniformly white or grey
screens are used almost exclusively as to avoid any discoloration to the image, while
the most desired brightness of the screen depends on a number of variables, such as
the ambient light level and the luminous power of the image source. Flat or curved
screens may be used depending on the optics used to project the image and the
desired geometrical accuracy of the image production, flat screens being the more
common of the two. Screens can be further designed for front or back projection, the
more common front projection systems having the image source situated on the same
side of the screen as the audience.

Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors, movie
projectors, overhead projectors and slide projectors, although the basic idea for each
of them is very much the same: front projection screens work on diffusely reflecting
the light projected on to them, whereas back projection screens work by diffusely
transmitting the light through them.

In commercial movie theaters, the screen is a reflective surface that may be either
aluminized (for high contrast in moderate ambient light) or a white surface with
small glass beads (for high brilliance under dark conditions). The screen also has
hundreds of small, evenly spaced holes to allow air to and from the speakers and
subwoofer, which often are directly behind it.
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Rigid wall-mounted screens maintain their geometry perfectly just like the big
movie screens, which makes them suitable for applications that demand exact
reproduction of image geometry. Such screens are often used in home theaters, along
with the pull-down screens.
Pull-down screens (also known as Manual Wall Screens) are often used in spaces
where a permanently installed screen would require too much space. These
commonly use painted fabric that is rolled in the screen case when not used, making
them less obtrusive when the screen is not in use.

Electric screens can be wall mounted, ceiling mounted or ceiling recessed. These are
often larger screens, though electric screens are available for home theater use as
well. Electric screens are similar to pull-down screens, but instead of the screen being
pulled down manually, an electric motor raises and lowers the screen. Electric screens
are usually raised or lowered using either a remote control or wall-mounted switch,
although some projectors are equipped with an interface that connects to the screen
and automatically lowers the screen when the projector is switched on and raises it
when the projector is switched off.

Switchable projection screen can be switched between opaque and clear. In the
opaque state, projected image on the screen can be viewed from both sides. It is very
good for advertising on store windows.

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2.1 DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM

1. Projections can be Obscured

Projections can be obscured by people sitting in front of the projection source.

Direct presentation screens, although more expensive, feed the presentation directly
from the source-such as a laptop or desktop computer-into the screen, with no
projection required.

2. Storage Space

Whiteboard projection screens require a lot of storage space or take up a lot of wall
space if mounted on a wall. Pull-down projection screens, which mount in an
extremely small space on the wall, take a lot less storage space.

3. Sizing Issues and Setup

Fixed-size screens that don't roll down from a wall often don't match up to the height
of the projection. They are frequently too high or too short, and the projection
source has to be adjusted to accommodate the screen. Pull-down screens can be
mounted high on the wall and can be sized big enough to pull all the way to the
floor, saving time when setting up the projection.

4. Damage to the Screen

If a whiteboard projection screen is set up permanently, people can be tempted to

draw on it, particularly in a school setting with young children. Drawings done in
many types of ink are extremely difficult to clean off. Roll-down screens can be set
at a height that limits access.

5. Health Dangers

Many health officials have protested the use of whiteboard projection screens in
schools, claiming that the projection beam can damage students' retinas. Some students
and teachers have reported feeling dizzy or dazed after looking at the projection beam.

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Chapter 3
3.1 Fog Screen

It is one type of advanced projecting device which consumes water and electricity to form
fogs on which images are projected. Fog Screen is a patented technology, which
Rakkolainen, one of the senior researchers and founders behind this technology, describes as
‘an immaterial projection screen that consists of air and a little humidity, and enables high-
quality projected images in thin-air, as well as many new applications.’
Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you
to project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images
are floating in midair. Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection screen, but not a
common opaque screen like hundreds of others in the market, rather an immaterial
screen. The word immaterial in relation to display systems refers to those that create
that sense of imagery floating in mid-air, usually created using water, smoke or fog.
Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on which to
project imagery. The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows for
projections on a thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pulldown screen that
is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down from
the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place by several small fans, allowing
for a consistent surface for display. A user may simply stand back and view the
material but can also reach or walk through the fog. A user may also interact with
objects displayed in the fog with the use of an input device like a data glove, a tracked
wand, or simply using hands. Currently, there are only nine Fog Screens available in
the world. Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you to
project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images
are floating in midair. You can literally use the air as your user interface by touching
only the air with your bare hands. The screen is created by using a suspended fog
generating device with no frame around, and works with video projectors. The fog

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they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen
device for a long time.

The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. The Fog
Screen is a display technology that instead of using a traditional screen uses a
thin layer of dry fog as the display surface. The system starts with water that is held
in a large plastic container or comes from a regular water pipe. This water is drawn
through a plastic tube via a small engine. Users have the ability to control the density
and flow of the fog and the strength of the sandwiching air streams. With two
projectors, we can project different images on both sides of the screen. The Fog Screen
is a new invention which makes objects seems to appear and move in thin air! It is a
Screen you can walk through! The Fog Screen is created by using a suspended Fog
generating device; there is no frame around the screen. The installation is easy: just
replace the conventional screen with Fog Screen. We don’t need to change anything
else it works with standard video projectors. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t
make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is
made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. With two projectors, you
can project different images on both sides of the screen crisp, and protected from
turbulence.
All the important principles of Fog Screen technology have patent pending. The
basic components of the screen are alumina, on-turbulent airflow, and a thin fog screen
created this way, the fog screen is an internal part of the laminar airflow, and remains
thin and turbulence.

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3.2 Under the Surface

As already mentioned, the screen is made up of a layer of fog. It is therefore quite

unique that such a substance could allow for clear and undisturbed image
projection. The secret lies in how this layer of fog in maintained. Palovuori
writes that the Fog Screen creates a large non-turbulent airflow to protect a dry fog
flow inside it from turbulence (see Figure1). The outer airflow may get slightly
turbulent, but the inner fog layer remains thin and crisp. In a sense, the outer air -flow
is like air curtains that sandwich the fog flow and maintain its integrity.

Principle of the Fog Screen

DiVerdi further explains that ordinary tap water (droplets of 2-3 microns) becomes
strapped inside this inner layer, and that “even though the fog is made of water, it
appears dry to the touch, just like air.” Therefore, the technology is, rather simple in
nature, making use of water and one device located above the screen to maintain the
abovementioned airflow. The Fog Screen works very much like an ordinary screen in
terms of projection properties. Fog Screen is best when used for real projection
situations. Distance between projector and screen should be a minimum of 2 meters.

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3.3 Formation of fog screen

 It is formed by using ordinary tap water and digital technology like ultrasonic
device to create a thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between two air-
curtains.
 The fog is created by suspended fog generating device.
 The fog is made up of ordinary tap water with no chemicals.

Fog Screen creates a dry´ fog by ensuring that the water droplets are in the range of 2-3
microns in size and are electro statically charged so that they move around and
away from other objects. The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic
waves. If you hold your hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your
hands do not get wet.
After the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be
translucent or fully opaque. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet
even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of
ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. With two projectors, you can project
different images on both sides of the screen. The founders of the Fog Screen were
intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that could float in the air and that
people could walk through (that is the Princess Leia effect). They set out to make a
projected image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog. And
then a mist of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to
ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a
broad range of environmental conditions. The ultrasonic transducer is used to divide the
water into small and tiny water droplets as the fog which we are using here is
completely dry and it is light. If we will take lager water droplets then it will create wet
fog which can’t be used in the formation of screen. The fog we are using is dry, so it
doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time.

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With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.

3.4 Diagram of Fog Screen generation

Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow of fog for the display of
image. Because if the outside air will enter then it may create disturbance in
displaying the image. As the fog here we are using are dry and very light.
The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands
in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet. After the screen is
formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or fully opaque.

3.5 Working of Fog Machine

 Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air

humidifier.
 Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound,
turning it instantly into a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in
diameter. The tank’s internal design plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very
thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick. One set of fans blows the fog
downwards while the other two sandwiches the fog between air curtains so
that it becomes a smooth projection screen. Fog Screen works much like many
screens in terms of its projection properties and requires a 2kw power supply. A
major difference is the need for a water supply, with on screen using fifty
liters of tap water per hour. The Device situated above the fog screen enables

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the purification of the water via a silver-ion channel and minerals within the
tank are cleaned out through regular maintenance.

The opacity will depend on a number of factors, mainly fog density, the
projector, image brightness, and the background. It appears to be a very
versatile technology and can be combined with many methods in order to
achieve the imagery required, such as pseudo 3Ddisplay and mechanisms to
allow further interactivity via tracking. The founders of the Fog Screen
were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that could float in the
air and that people could walk through. They set out to make a projected
image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog, and
then a mist of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design
repeatedly to ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog Screen
could operate within a broad range of environmental conditions.

3.6 Fog screen move things forward

It is important to recognize the uniqueness of Fog Screen technology. It is

not the world’s first immaterial screen, but the first immaterial walk-through screen.
This simple fact is what distinguishes Fog Screen from all other displays.
Rakkolainen continues to explain the uniqueness of the technology by
mentioning how other displays can create the floating imagery effect but
none are penetrable. There are water screens creating huge displays for large
audiences but they provide poor image quality. Such large waterbased
displays are also wet and so impractical for indoors, and walk-through interaction.
There have also been earlier technologies closely similar to Fog Screen making
use of forgather than water. However, they are typically wet and turbulence
affecting such screens seriously reduces the fidelity of imagery. To reiterate
what has been mentioned above, Fog Screen creates a non - turbulent airflow
of dry fog, cool to the touch. Erdem mentions in an article on performing arts
how this quality means that performers or anyone interacting with the screen for that
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FOG SCREEN TECHNOLOGY
matter will not be restricted by the fog layer. One can walk freely through the
layer and the imagery will not be dispersed or distorted. Fog Screen technology
not only is unique as a stand-alone display. Its qualities, mainly his immaterial
nature and walk-through capabilities, allow for very advanced interface design.
Olwal and other researchers have written that Fog Screens “dual-sided
nature allows for new possibilities in multi-user face-to-face collaboration and
pseudo- 3Dvisualization. Images can be projected on both sides of the screen
creating a 3D visual effect as shown in figure below.

Figure 2, support for dual-sided projection allows two independent images to be

projected on each side, such that a3D application can render two interactive views for a
pseudo- 3D effect (Olwal et al, 2006)
Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive applications, an example
being Elastic Surface Denominator This interactive application allows a user to
stretch and sculpt, as well as to move and rotate a 3Dmodel of a head as shown in
Figure 2.Not only has Fog Screen been used with such psuedo-3D displays, it is the
center part of many ongoing efforts towards real volumetric 3D displays. Dr
Benzie in a large survey of 3D displays writes how volumetric displays are in a
more advanced stage of development with many already having a profitable
market as with Fog Screen. It appears therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital
display for many researches in the world of 3DTV.

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Chapter 4
APPLICATIONS
 Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product launches, museums, to attract more
and more peoples.
 It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in studies.
 It can be used in seminars to make it more interactive (we can walk through the
screen).
It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make it attractive. Museums,
events, trade shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number
of areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use. One industry where it
excels is in advertising. Lugmayr describes how Fog Screen can be used in conjunction
with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and rendering modules, and a flash
application. This creates an effective advertisement that entices a user to walk through.
A user could for example, select a brick wall, or a waterfall via touch, walk
through and by doing so see screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by
such an interactive display as opposed to others. Fog Screens use in trade shows has been
well received. Nokia, one of many using the Fog Screen products, installed a
number of screens to trade show entrances that showed an animation of a character
walking and using the Nokia products. Nightclubs are another area, where the
screen literally becomes the entrance into the club provoking the public to
walkthrough. The Box nightclub in Belfast has installed a number of them,
providing amazing visuals inside. Fog Screen can almost be used in any situation.
The Fog Screen team also set up each screen to their requirements in order that the
effect is as expected wherever it may be used. Its ability to be used throughout so
many industries is evidence of Fog Screens significance to
 Multimedia and one that looks like it shall continue. Entertain your guests with Fog
Screen
 Whether you are planning a rock concert, a prize ceremony, an anniversary, any
commercial or private event, we use the magical Fog Screen. Guests can enter through
the screen to an event!

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Chapter 5
ADVANTAGES
 The Fog Screen developers say the unique nature of Fog Screen will make it a
memorable experience for customers Fog Screen is environment all y
friendly, a sit uses on l y water as requirement and produces chemical free
fog.
 Increase product skill and quality of products. Safety for kids, fun and play
time for the kids. It is Immaterial - you could walk through it.
 Increase production skills-technology transfer. -Reduce competition -
increase quality of product-Enter to new market. (In different market.)
 Increase for workers with an increase in marginal cost Fog Screen is working
on new hardware products -Fog Screen with specialized capabilities (that is
live performances, retail environments, etc.). There are also significant
enhancements being made to the interactivity and 3-dimensional imaging
capabilities of the screen.

 We allow you to communicate advantages to your customers! Media sessions

will concentrate on job ideas, research pursuits and potential small business
ventures. Tracking ROI can acquire difficult with complex advertising
campaigns, but employing a dedication and very superior reporting procedures,
you can construct solid measurements, even when you need to use some
estimates in the method.
 This original design will surely draw in clients’ focus and boost their keen to
earn a
purchasing. Things become much nuanced once you take a look at individual
businesses. Clients who walk through the enterprise logo at a trade fair will
don’t forget the experience along with the emblem and your enterprise.

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Chapter 5
LIMITATIONS

 Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background that enhances the
brightness of the image on the Fog Screen behind the projector. So, it can’t
be used in daylight.
 It is presently very much expensive, but theFogScreen.inc is working on providing it
in a reasonable price.
 Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have to cater for a
specialized market, unlikely ever to be used in the normal household or to replace
plasma/LCD displays.
 Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And it is produce 3-5 litres
of water in one hour which should be vent. And you can't make a high fog
screen, because fog would diffuse with distance.
 It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make it attractive. Museums, events,
trade shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number of
areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use. One industry where it excels
is in advertising. Lugmayr (2007) describes how Fog Screen can be used in
conjunction with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and rendering modules, and a
flash application. This creates an effective advertisement that entices a user to
walkthrough. A user could for example, select a brick wall, or a waterfall via touch,
walk through and by doing so see screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain
captivated by such an interactive display as opposed to others.
 Fog Screens use in trade shows has been well received. Nokia, one of many using
the Fog Screen products, installed a number of screens to trade show entrances that
showed an animation of a character walking and using the Nokia products.

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Chapter 6
OPPORTUNITIES
 There are endless opportunities to use the products, but for now these have
been mostly innovative marketing solutions and different exhibitions.
 Stream of fog can appear and disappear within a fraction of a second,
making it a possibility for use in a live theatre setting to aid with special
effects
 Presently it is in demands in countries like Japan, Malaysia, Germany,
France, Greece, Russia, the UK and the USA; in recent future it will replace the
existing method of projection.
 Developments are being carried out in making Fog Screen a Touch-Fog
Screen to make it more interactive for the viewer.

 With interactivity, the Fog Screen becomes an immaterial computer touch screen
with nearly unlimited applications. In the long term the Fog Screen will be able to
provide a meaningful interface for virtual exploration, performance and composition.

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Chapter 7
SUCCESS OF FOG SCREEN

Fog Screen has been successfully used in this international event:

 Entertainment (live shows, live concerts, nightclubs, stage productions,

private parties i.e. Disney Enchanted Tour, Eurovision, Harrah’s,
Cirque deSoleil, MGM Grand, 20th Century Fox)
 Brand promotions (P&G, Diesel, Victoria’s Secret. Bud light/Maxim
Tour, Xbox)

 Trade shows and exhibition events (Nokia, Motorola, Sony, Siemens)

 Theme parks (Key US theme parks)

 Museums and Science Centers

 Reckoned amid one of the notable business names, we are immersed in

presenting to our clients a wide collection of LED Fog Screen. In conformity
with the developments taking place in the industry, offered products could be
acquired from us in an assortment of provisions.

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Chapter 8
CONCLUSION
Technology of the future literally revolutionizes the limits of projection screens
and blurs the boundaries among art, science, and fun. It must be remembered
that Fog Screen projection screen is first and foremost and effect screen – not a
high- resolution display. It is detailed enough to easily watch a movie on when
set up properly. The Video quality images it produces are impressive
considering it is simply floating on air currents, However content should be
considered carefully to maximize results:
High contrast
Bright colours
Large objects
Text larger than 15 cm
Finally, as described earlier, the resolution quality is best at the top of the
screen, and degrades as the screen falls. As such, any high detail graphics,
particularly smaller text should be oriented towards the top of the screen. Fog
Screen is the world’s only walk- through projection screen. It uses just tap
water and air to generate a thin slice of mist onto which any image or video can
be created with a standard projector. Fog Screen projection screen’s patented
technology creates a mist so fine it’s electro-statically charged and will repel
away from the people walking through it, finally dissipating into the air. The
screen generator hangs above the ground and emits the effect downwards using
laminar air flow and gravity. There are no side or floor components required.

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Chapter 9
REFERENCE

. www.fogscreen.com
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.scribd.com

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