MSc Management 2022/23

MNGT 622

BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIETY

10 CREDITS

Module Handbook

Module Team:
Dr. Divya Jyoti (Module Convenor)
Dr. Alison Stowell

Tutor E
Contents

1. Introduction

2. Learning Outcomes

3. Module Team

4. Module Schedule

5. Assessment

6. Resource List
1. Introduction

Over the past two years, our lives have changed in unprecedented ways. In the face of the
pandemic, we have been required to obey demanding new rules and accept new risks,
making enormous changes to our daily lives. These disruptions can challenge us to think
differently about ethics – about what we owe each other.
- Prof Hugh Breakey (December 2021)1

The questions of what is owed, to whom and why and is it right or wrong encompass not
only individuals but also societal actors including business organisations, which, in the midst of the
turmoil during the Covid-19 pandemic, have been faced with significant decisions2 including
matters of life and death. But should business firms be entrusted with such decisions that have
significant impact on society? On environment? Why or why not? Where do the limits of
responsibility lie for business organisations? What do they owe us? And what is owed to them?
How is managerial decision making on ethical issues enacted? And how is the remit of such ethical
decision making determined? Are such decisions rewarding? Can they be? For who? And who
decides?

These questions characterise and highlight some of the dimensions of the dynamic and
vibrant conversations at the interface of business and society which we will begin to examine,
reflect and discuss in our module with two main objectives - to introduce you to theories and
concepts relating to business ethics, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability; and to
enable you to apply these theories to practical situations in organisations, as well as in life in
general.

The overall objective of the module is to attempt to develop moral sensibility and practical
reasoning in the context of everyday managerial choice and action in organisations (and society).
The module is concerned with developing an understanding of the ethics and responsibility related
issues that organisations face, with an emphasis on morality in action. We will examine how
ethics/CSR/sustainability ‘in action’ can be diffused and difficult and will together in our sessions
reflect on 'how to work it out'.

1
https://theconversation.com/has-the-pandemic-fundamentally-changed-our-ethics-171304
2
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/lu/Documents/risk/lu-business-human-rights-dilemmas-midst-of-
covid-19-guide-for-senior-executives.pdf
Learning & Teaching Strategy

‘Working out’ the complex issues generated in the dynamic and contested business-society
relationship – also referred to as grand challenges3 and wicked problems4 - is not easy. The
module, therefore, adopts a participative learning and teaching approach and encourages
students to take ownership of their learning. The module will be delivered through 14 in-person
sessions designed to develop a nuanced understanding of both the theoretical debates and
practical challenges of CSR/ethics/sustainability issues in organisational life through a combination
of lectures, group work and class activities. The lectures will enable students to develop
knowledge and understanding of theoretical perspectives of conceptualising the business-society
relationship, ethical challenges faced by ‘global’ business firms, and (un)ethical behaviours,
decisions and practices of individuals in organisations. The class activities including group work,
discussions, case studies, games and role plays will encourage students to reflect on practical
issues in the business environment and to analyse the managerial implications and choices for
‘ethical’ practices and actions.

Assessment Strategy

The assessment consists of an individual written assignment (3,000 words maximum) and
offers students the choice to identify any relevant ethics/CSR/sustainability issue, and to
undertake an in-depth analysis drawing on the module content to demonstrate how the learning
outcomes have been achieved.

3
George, G., Howard-Grenville, J., Joshi, A. and Tihanyi, L. (2016). Understanding and Tackling Societal Grand
Challenges through Management Research. Academy of Management Journal, 59(6), pp: 1880-1895.
4
Waddock S and McIntosh M (2011) Business unusual: Corporate responsibility in a 2.0 World, Business and Society
Review, 116(3), pp: 303–330.
2. Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module students should have:

• An understanding of the ethical perspectives shaping individual decisions

• An understanding of the ethical and responsibility issues faced by organisations
• An understanding of how to assess ethical and corporate responsibilities through case
study analysis
• An appreciation of why it is important for managers and employees to care about ethics
and corporate social responsibility

Students will also develop the following skills:

• Effective learning and planning

• Critical and reflective thinking
• The ability to undertake effective research
3. Module Team

Dr Divya Jyoti Dr. Alison Stowell

Email: d.jyoti@lancaster.ac.uk Email: a.stowell@lancaster.ac.uk
Office: E60, West Pavilion, LUMS Office: E21, West pavilion, LUMS

Mr. Rodney Irwin Dr Martin Quinn Professor Jan

Chief Operating Officer (COO),
World Business Council for
Sustainable Development
(WBCSD), Geneva
Reader in Organisation, Bebbington
Work & Technology The Rubin Chair in
Sustainability in Business,
Director of the Pentland
Centre
 4. Module Schedule

Date/Time Topic Tutor

Monday, 24th April 2023 Module Introduction
Lecture: Global Risks: The Sustainability Dr. Divya Jyoti
09:30 – 13:00
‘Crisis’ Dr. Alison Stowell
Class Activity: Game on Resilience

Monday, 24th April 2023

Lecture: The Role of Business and the Dr. Divya Jyoti
14:00 – 16:00 Question of Responsibility: Navigating the
Terminological Conundrum

Tuesday, 25th April 2023

Lecture: Global Production Networks: Dr. Divya Jyoti
10:00 – 12:00
Issues and Implications

Tuesday, 25th April 2023

14:00 – 16:30 Group Work Self-Study

Wednesday, 26th April 2023

9:00 – 12:00 Group Presentations Dr. Alison Stowell
Lecture: Stakeholder Theory

Thursday, 27th April 2023

11:00 – 13:00 Lecture: Ethical and Responsible Dr. Divya Jyoti
Organisations: What role for managers? (I)
Thursday, 27th April 2023 Mr. Rodney Irwin,
14:00 – 16:00 Guest Lecture: Sustainability Leadership Chief Operating Officer,
(WBCSD)

Friday, 28th April 2023 Lecture: Ethical and Responsible

Dr. Divya Jyoti
10:00 – 13:00 Organisations: What role for managers?
(II)
Date/Time Topic Tutor

Tuesday, 02nd May 2023 Lecture: Responsibility Codes for

Dr. Divya Jyoti
10:00 – 12:00 ‘Managing’ Ethical and Sustainability
Challenges: Prospects & Limitations

Tuesday, 02nd May 2023 Class Activity and Discussion: The

Dr Martin Quinn
14:00 – 16:30 Responsibility Conundrum: Curious Case
Dr. Divya Jyoti
of the City of Leicester

Wednesday, 3rd May 2023 Guest Lecture: The Seafood Business for
Prof Jan Bebbington
10:00 – 12:00 Ocean Stewardship (SeaBOS)

Thursday, 4th May 2023 Lecture: Circular Economy Dr. Alison Stowell
10:00 – 12:00

Thursday, 4th May 2023 Assessment Workshop Dr. Divya Jyoti

13:30 – 16:30
Friday, 5th May 2023 Dr. Divya Jyoti
10:00 – 12:30 Module Conclusion & Assessment Q&A
Dr Alison Stowell
5. Assessment

The course is assessed by an individual assignment (3,000 words maximum).

Students must choose a topic that relates to an aspect of the module i.e. ethics, CSR or
sustainability, to research. Suggestions and guidance on possible topics will be offered during the
module but students are free to develop their own topics based on the material presented in the
lectures and discussions in class.

Assignments MUST include reference to

i) relevant academic theories and concepts from the lectures and

ii) organisational examples to illustrate the arguments.

The possible structure of the assignment could be

a) Introduction to the topic

b) Review of the academic literature
c) Presentation of organisational case study/studies
d) Analysis of the case study/studies using the academic literature
e) Conclusions and any Recommendations.

Submission Date: Friday, 30th June, 4pm

6. Resource List

The reading list provides a wide range of resources to enable you to develop your understanding
of the key themes and concepts and to also draw on for your assessments. More will be provided
during the lectures.

Global Risk, Sustainability and Management

Banerjee, S. B and D-L Arjalies, (2021) ‘Celebrating the End of Enlightenment: Organization Theory in the
Age of the Anthropocene and Gaia (and why neither is the solution to our ecological crisis)’.
Organization Theory, 2 (2021), 1-24.

Bendell, J. (2018). ‘Deep adaptation: A map for navigating climate tragedy’, IFLAS Occasional Paper 2.
Available at: jembendell.com/2018/07/26/the-study-on-collapse-they-thought-you-should-not-
read-yet/.

Berners-Lee, M. and Clark, D. (2013) The Burning Question: We can’t burn half the world’s oil, coal and gas.
So how do we quit?, London: Profile Books Ltd.

Blühdorn, I. and Welsh, I. (2007) ‘Eco-politics beyond the paradigm of sustainability: A conceptual
framework and research agenda’, Environmental Politics, 16(2): 185-205.

Dasgupta, P. (2007) ‘Nature and the economy’, Journal of Applied Ecology, 44: 475-487.

Defries, R. and Nagendra, H. (2017) ‘Eco-system management as a wicked problem’, Science, 356: 265-270.

Dyllick, T. and Muff, K. (2016) ‘Clarifying the meaning of sustainable business: Introducing a typology from
business-as-usual to true business sustainability’, Organization and Environment, 29(2): 156-174.

Elkington, J. (1997) Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business, Minnesota:
Capstone.

Hediger, W. (1999) ‘Reconciling “weak” and “strong” sustainability’, International Journal of Social
Economics, 26: 1120-1144.

Hopwood, B., Mellor, M. and O’Brien, G. (2005) ‘Sustainable development: Mapping different approaches’,
Sustainable Development, 13: 38-52.

Hulme, M. (2009) Why we Disagree about Climate Change. Understanding Controversy, Inaction and
Opportunity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jackson, T. (2016) Prosperity without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow, second edn,
Oxon: Routledge.

Karp, D. R. and Gaulding, C. L. (1995) ‘Motivational underpinnings of command-and-control, market-based,

and voluntarist environmental policies’, Human Relations, 48(5): 439-465.

Lewis, S. and Maslin, M. (2015) ‘Defining the Anthropocene’. Nature, 519: 171-180.
McNeill, J. R. (2000) Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century
World, New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Naess, A. (1973) ‘The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. A summary’, Inquiry, 16(1):
95-100.

Naess, A. (2008) ‘Section 2 - The long-range deep ecology movement’, in A. Drengson and B. Devall (eds)
(2010) The Ecology of Wisdom - Writings by Arne Naess, Berkeley: Counterpoint, pp. 99-145.

Patel, R. and Moore, J. (2018) History of the World in Seven Cheap Things, London: Verso Books.

Pilling, D. (2018) The Growth Delusion: The Wealth and Well-Being of Nations, London: Bloomsbury
Publishing.

Porter, M. and van der Linde, C. (1995) ‘Green and competitive: Ending the stalemate’, Harvard Business
Review, 73(5): 120-134.

Porter, M. E. and Kramer, M. K. (2011) ‘The BIG Idea – Creating shared value’, Harvard Business Review,
Jan-Feb: 62-77.

Rayner, S. (2006) ‘Wicked Problems: Clumsy Solutions – Diagnosis and Prescriptions for Environmental Ills’,
J. Beale Memorial Lecture, University of New South Wales, July 2006.

Raworth, K. (2017). Doughnut economics. London: Random House Business, Chapter 4: Get Savvy with
systems.

Rittel, H.W. J. and Webber, M. M. (1973) ‘Dilemmas in general theory of planning’, Policy Sciences, 4(2):
155-169.

Rockström, J. and Edenhofer, O. (2020) ‘The global resilience imperative’, Project Syndicate (online), May
7th. Available at: www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/building-resilience-to-health-climate-
biodiversity-risks-by-johan-rockstrom-and-ottmar-edenhofer-2020-05.

Rockström, J. et al. (2009) ‘Planetary Boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity’, Ecology
and Society, 14(2): 32 [online]. Available at: www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/.

Schmitt Figueiro, P. and Raufflet, E. (2015) ‘Sustainability in higher education, A systematic review with the
focus on management education’, The Journal of Cleaner Production, 106: 22-35.

Siegel, D. S. (2009) ‘Green management matters: Only if it yields more green: An economic/strategic
perspective’, Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3): 5-16.

Stead, J. G. and Stead, W. E. (2019) ‘Why porter is not enough: Economic foundations of sustainable
strategic management’, in T. Wunder (ed.) Rethinking Strategic Management, Cham: Springer,
pp. 67-85.

Stead, W. E. and Stead, J.G. (2009) Management for a Small Planet. Third Edition, Berkeley, CA: Sage
Publications.

Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O. and Ludwig, C. (2015). ‘The trajectory of the
Anthropocene: The great acceleration’, The Anthropocene Review, 2(1): 81-98.

Steffen, W. et al. (2018) ‘Trajectories of the Earth system in the Anthropocene’, Perspectives, 115(33):
8252-8259.
Stowell, A.F and Brown, C. A. (2022). The Little Book of how to Manage Planet Earth. Imagination Lancaster,
Lancaster.
(https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/171628/1/NERC_the_little_book_of_how_to_MANAGE_plan
et_earth.pdf)

Stowell, A.F and Brown. C.A. (2022). Management of Sustainability, or How should we manage Planet
Earth? in D Knights and H Willmott (eds), Introducing Organizational Behaviour and
Management. 4th edn, Cengage Learning, pp. 500-546.

Williams, F. (2018) Green Giants: How Smart Companies Turn Sustainability into Billion-Dollar Businesses,
New York: AMACOM Books.

Tedtalks, interviews and recordings(minutes.seconds):

Arne Naess and the Deep Ecology Movement (9.57)

Arne Naess 1994 (4.19)

COVID-19 The Great Reset (67.46)

Earthrise: The Story of the Photo that Changed the World (30.22)

How can business survive climate change (21.02)

Freya Williams – Green Giants (30.00)

James Lovelock – Beautiful Minds – The Gaia Hypothesis/Gaia Theory (58.40)

Johan Rockström on ‘Let the environment guide our development’ (17.55)

Johan Rockström Ted Talk ‘10 years to transform the future – or destabilize the planet’ (7.37)

Kate Raworth, ‘Building a thriving economy within our planetary boundaries’ (41.28)

Kate Raworth - A healthy economy should be designed to thrive, not grow (15.53)

Michael Porter – Rethinking Capitalism (16.39)

Russell Brand “You will own nothing, and you will be happy”? The Great Reset (12.14)

The Call of the Mountain – Arne Naess and The Deep Ecology Movement (50.54)

The Role of Business and the Question of Responsibility: Navigating the

Terminological Conundrum

Banerjee, S. B. (2008) ‘Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly’, Critical Sociology,
34(1): 51-79.

Carroll, A B (1987) ‘In Search of the Moral Manager’, Business Horizons, March-April 1987
Carroll, A B (1991) ‘The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of
Organizational Stakeholders’, Business Horizons, July-August 39-48

Carroll, A B (1999) ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct’, Business &
Society 38, 268.

Carroll, A.B., Brown, J. and Buchholtz, A.K. (2018) Business & Society: Ethics, Sustainability & Stakeholder
Management. 10th edn. Boston: Cengage Learning

Crane, A. and Matten, D. (ed.) (2007) Corporate Social Responsibility: Volume 1. London: Sage Publications

Freeman, R E, & Liedka, J (1991) ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: A Critical Approach’ Business Horizons,
July-August: 92-98.

Garriga, E. and Melé, D. 2004. Corporate Social Responsibility Theories: Mapping the Territory. Journal of
Business Ethics, 53(1-2), pp.51-71

Gond, J.P., Palazzo, G. and Basu, K. (2009) Reconsidering Instrumental Corporate Social Responsibility
through the Mafia Metaphor, Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(1), pp: 57-85

Mintzberg, H (1983) ‘The Case for Corporate Social responsibility’ Journal of Business Strategy, Fall:4, 3 -15.

Mitnick, B. M., Windsor, D. and D. J. Wood, (2021) ‘CSR: Undertheorized or essentially contested?’.
Academy of Management Review, 46(3), 623-629.

Rasche, A., Morsing, M. and Moon, J. (2017) Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategy, communication &
Governance, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Schwartz, M., & Carroll, A. (2008). Integrating and unifying competing and complementary frameworks: The
search for a common core in the business and society field. Business & Society, 47, 148-186

Global Production Networks: Issues and Implications

Arnold, D G & Hartman, L P (2005) ‘Beyond Sweatshops: Positive deviancy and global labour practices’ Business
Ethics: A European Review, July 2005, Vol 14:3, p206-222.

Arnold, D. G. & Hartman, L. P. (2005) Beyond Sweatshops: Positive deviancy and global

labour practices, Business Ethics: A European Review, Vol 14(3), pp: 206-222

Berkey, B. (2021) ‘Sweatshops, Structural Injustice, and the Wrong of Exploitation. Why Multinational Corporations
have positive duties to the Global Poor. The Journal of Business Ethics, 2021(169), 43-56.

Kuyumcuoglu, H. S. (2021) ‘Sweatshops, Harm, and Interference: A Contractualist Approach. Journal of Business
Ethics, 2021(169), 1-11.

Gereffi, G. and Lee, J. (2016) Economic and Social Upgrading in Global Value Chains and Industrial Clusters: Why
Governance Matters, Journal of Business Ethics, 133 (1), pp: 25–38.

Levy, D. and R. Kaplan, (2008) Part VI ‘Corporate Social Responsibility and Theories of Global Governance:
Strategic Contestation in Global Issue Arenas’. In (eds). Crane, A., Matten, D., McWilliams, A.,
Moon, J. and D. S. Siegal, (2009) The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Mahoney, J (2007) The Challenge of Human Rights: Origin, Development and Significance, Blackwell
Publishing.

Visser, W. (2008) Part VI ‘Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries’. In (eds). Crane, A.,
Matten, D., McWilliams, A., Moon, J. and D. S. Siegal, (2009) The Oxford Handbook of Corporate
Social Responsibility, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wettstein, F. (2022) Business and Human Rights: Ethical, Legal, and Managerial Perspectives. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

Tedtalks, interviews and recordings (minutes.seconds):

Global Ethics Forum: A Conversation with Sarah Chayes on Corruption and Global Security (22.07)

How supply chain transparency can help the planet (13.29)

Human Rights and Global Ethics. (13.15)

Human Rights and ESG at the 2021 Global Ethics Summit: Part One. (6.17)

Inside Apple’s iPhone Factory in China (7.13)

Walmart Supply Chain (6.51)

What global trade deals are really about (hint: it’s not trade) (11.06)

Why Climate Change Is A Threat to Human Rights – Mary Robinson (21.32)

The True Cost: Who Pays the Real Price for YOUR Clothes (Investigative Documentary) (50.55)

Stakeholder Theory

Carroll, A B (2004) ‘Managing ethically with global stakeholders: A present and future challenge’ Academy
of Management Executive, May 2004, 18:2, 114-120

Carroll, A B (2016) ‘Carroll’s pyramid of CSR: taking another look’ International Journal of Corporate Social
Responsibility, 1:3, 8 pages.

Crane, A., Matten, D. and L. J. Spence (2014/2008). Corporate Social Responsibility – Readings and cases in
a Global context. London: Routledge.

Dentoni, D., Bitzer, V. and G. Schouten (2018) ‘Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-stakeholder
Partnerships’. Journal of Business Ethics (2018) 150, 333-356.

Freeman, R E, Martin, K, Parmer, B (2007) ‘Stakeholder Capitalism’ Journal of Business Ethics, 74: 303-314.

Mitchell, R K, Agle, B R & Wood, D J (1997) ‘Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience:
defining the principle of who and what really counts’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 22
No.4 853-896.

Stieb, J A (2009) ‘Assessing Freeman’s Stakeholder Theory’ Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 87 No. 3: 401-
414.
Visser, W. (2017). The quest for sustainable business. An Epic Journey in Search of Corporate Responsibility.
London: Routledge.

Whiteman, G., Walker, B. and Perego, P. (2013) Planetary Boundaries: Ecological Foundations of Corporate
Sustainability. Journal of Management Studies, 50(2), 307-366.

Tedtalks, interviews and recordings (minutes.seconds):

Andy Le Seelluer Re-thinking corporate social responsibility (22.08)

Alex Edmans The social responsibility of business (17.25)

Cheryl Grise The role of “Purpose” in transforming business (19.23)

R Edward Freeman – Business is about purpose (17.38)

Ryan Hillier Why purpose-driven companies are thriving (and can change the world) (22.49)

Ethical and Responsible Organisations: What role for managers? - Part 1 &2

Anand, V, Ashforth, B E & Joshi, M (2004) ‘Business as usual: The acceptance and perpetuation of
corruption in organisations’ Academy of Management Executive, May 2004, 18:2, 39-53

Ashforth, BE, Gioia, DA, Robinson, SL & Treviño, LK (2008), 'Re-viewing organizational corruption', Academy
of Management Review, 33(3), pp. 670-684.

Ashkanasy N. M., Windwor, C. A. and Trevino L. K. (2006) Bad Apples in Bad Barrels Revisited: Cognitive
moral development, Just world belief, Rewards and Ethical decision making,

Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(4), pp: 449-473.

Balch, D. R. and Armstrong, R. W. (2010) Ethical marginality: The Icarus syndrome and banality of

wrongdoing, Journal of Business Ethics, 92, pp:291-303

Carollo, L., & Guerci, M. (2018). ‘Activists in a suit’: Paradoxes and metaphors in sustainability managers’
identity work. Journal of business ethics, 148, 249-268.

Easter, S., Ceulemans, K., & Lynn, M. L. (2021). Moving Beyond Sisyphus: Pursuing Sustainable Development
in a Business-as-Usual World. Business & Society, May, 1–40.

Gond, J. P., El Akremi, A., Swaen, V., & Babu, N. (2017). The psychological microfoundations of corporate
social responsibility: A person-centric systematic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38,
225-246.

Hahn, T., Pinkse, J., Preuss, L., & Figge, F. (2015). Tensions in corporate sustainability: Towards an
integrative framework. Journal of business ethics, 127, 297-316.
Hahn, T., Preuss, L., Pinkse, J., & Figge, F. (2014). Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial
sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames. Academy of Management Review, 39,
463-487.

Kok, A. M., de Bakker, F. G., & Groenewegen, P. (2019). Sustainability struggles: Conflicting cultures and
incompatible logics. Business & Society, 58, 1496-1532.

Pinto, J., Leana, C.R. and Pil F.K. (2008) Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two
types of organization-level corruption, Academy of Management Review,33 (3), pp: 685-709.

Smith-Crowe, K. and Warren, D.E. (2014) The emotion-evoked collective corruption model: The role of
emotion in the spread of corruption within organizations, Organization Science, 25(4), pp.1154-
1171.

Siltaloppi, J., Rajala, R., & Hietala, H. (2020). Integrating CSR with business strategy: a tension management
perspective. Journal of business ethics, 1-21.

Walls, J. L., Salaiz, A., & Chiu, S.-C. (2021). Wanted: Heroic leaders to drive the transition to “business
beyond usual”. Strategic Organization, 19, 494-512.

Zyglidopoulos, S. C., Fleming, P.J. and Rothenburg, S. (2009) Rationalisation, overcompensation and the
escalation of corruption in organizations, Journal of Business Ethics, 84, pp: 65-73

Tedtalks, interviews, podcasts and recordings (minutes.seconds):

The Ethics of Business: Are 'ethical' businesses all they are cracked up to be? (27.36)

Why do companies do bad things? (23.37)

What really motivates people to be honest in business (13.19)

Responsibility Codes for ‘Managing’ Ethical and Sustainability Challenges:

Prospects & Limitations

Alamgir, F. and Alakavuklar, O.N. (2020) Compliance codes and women workers’(mis) representation and
(non) recognition in the apparel industry of Bangladesh. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(2), pp.295-
310

Drebes, M.J. (2014) Impediments to the implementation of voluntary codes of conduct in production
factories of the Global South: so much to do, so little done, Third World Quarterly, 35(7), pp: 1256-
1272.

Jensen, T., Sandstörm, J. and Helin, S. (2009) Corporate Codes of Ethics and the Bending of MoralSpace,
Organization, 16(4), pp: 529-545.

Helin, S., Jensen, T., Sandström, J. and Clegg, S. (2011) On the Dark Side of Codes:Domination Not
Enlightenment. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 27, pp: 24-33
Kobrin, S. (2009) Private Political Authority and Public Responsibility: Transnational Politics, Transnational
Firms, and Human Rights. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(3), 349-374.

Reinecke, J., Manning, S. and Von Hagen, O., 2012. The emergence of a standards market: Multiplicity of
sustainability standards in the global coffee industry. Organization studies, 33(5-6), pp.791-814.

Sinkovics, N., Hoque, S.F. and Sinkovics, R.R. (2016), "Rana Plaza collapse aftermath: are CSR compliance
and auditing pressures effective?", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp.
617-649.

Stansbury, J. (2007) Ethics programs and the Paradox of Control, Business Ethics Quarterly, 17(2), pp:239-
26

Wijen, F., 2014. Means versus ends in opaque institutional fields: Trading off compliance and achievement
in sustainability standard adoption. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), pp.302-323.

Tedtalks, interviews and recordings (minutes.seconds):

Negative consequences of sustainability labelling (3.43)

The systematic impacts of sustainability standards : briefing, white paper, and webinar (56.35)

Standards, audits and certifications in supply chains(2.34) - an excerpt from a conversation of the

Regional Director of Ethical Trading Initiative at an annual international conference on

Sustainability Standards where the value, utility, purpose of these standards is called into question
and challenges discussed. Check out the conference website to explore more practice-based
resources.

The forests behind the label - Why standards are not enough? (12.31)

Circular Economy

Blomsma, F. (2018) ‘Collective ‘action recipes’ in a circular economy – On waste and resource management
frameworks and their role in collective change’. Journal of Cleaner Production, 199(2018), 969-282.

Calisto Friant, M., Vermeulen, W.J.V. and R. Salomone, (2021) ‘Analysing European Union circular economy
policies: words versus actions’. Sustainable Production and Consumption 27: 337-353.

Corvellec, H., Stowell, A.F. and N. Johansson, (2021) ‘Critiques of the Circular Economy’. Journal of
Industrial Ecology, early view. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13187

Esposito, M., Tse, T. and K. Soufani, (2018) Introducing a Circular Economy: New Thinking and New
Managerial and Policy Implications. California Management Review, 60(3), 5-19.

Gregson, N., Crang, M., Fuller, S. and H. Holmes, (2015) Interrogating the circular economy: the moral
economy of resource recovery in the EU. Economy and Society, 44(2), 218-243.

Hopkinson, P., Zils, M, Hawkins, P. and S. Roper, (2018) Managing Complex Global Circular Economy
Business Model: Opportunities and Challenges, California Management Review, 60(3), 71-94.
Kunz, N., Mayers, K., and L. N. Van Wassenhove, (2018) Stakeholder views on extended producer
responsibility and the Circular Economy. California Management Review, 60(3). 45-70.

Lacy, P. and J. Rutqvist, (2015) Waste to Wealth: The Circular Economy Advantage. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillian.

Stahel, W. R. (2016) Circular economy – A new relationship with goods and material would save resources
and energy and create local jobs. Nature, 431(March), 435-438.

Urbinati, A., Chiaroni, D. and Chiesa, V (2017) Towards a new taxonomy of circular economy business
models. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168(2017), 487-498.

Winans, K., Kendall, A. and Deng, H. (2017) ‘The history and current applications of the circular economy
concept’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 68(P1): 825-833.

Tedtalks, interviews and recordings (minutes.seconds):

Ken webster – Circular Economy (19.21)

Kristin Kinder – The Circular Economy (15.54)

The vision for a circular economy of plastic (8.12)

WEF 2020 The Circular Economy Handbook Event (56.29)

William McDonough: Cradle to Cradle, the Circular Economy, and the New Language of Carbon (78.15)

WBCSD Circular Economy Program (11.43)

We hope you enjoy the module.

Divya & Alison, April 2023