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What are the genres of literature? There are four main literary genres: poetry, fiction,
nonfiction, and drama. The works within each genre share certain characteristics that place
them in the same category. Furthermore, categories of literature can be divided into sub-
genres. One trait that all genres of literature share is the use of figurative language, which
includes literary devices like similes, metaphors, personification, and irony. This is not to say
that a work of literature must contain figurative language, but that any work of literature may
use it. The characteristics of each literary genre and sub-genre, as well as genre examples, are
discussed in the following sections.
Sub-Genres of Poetry
Two sub-genres of poetry include lyric and narrative. Lyric poetry expresses emotions rather
than telling a story. For example, sonnets are a type of lyric poem. Sonnets contain fourteen
lines and are usually written in iambic pentameter. The sonnets of William Shakespeare are
among the most famous sonnets ever written. His sonnets are mostly about love and beauty.
Shakespeare's ''Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?'' begins, ''Shall I compare thee to a
summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate. / Rough winds do shake the darling
buds of May, / And summer's lease hath all too short a date.''