07 Oktober 2021

BUSINESS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

Pert 5. By Kevin Samuel Lee

PENGANTAR CONTROL
❖ Control systems:
➢ Compare goal (expected) with actual result; Means of measuring accomplishment; Comparison of
results with the standard to form the basis for corrective action (Memastikan yang kita targetkan
itu tercapai, jika tidak tercapai perlu melakukan corrective action).
➢ Untuk mata kuliah BPI, yang perlu dilakukan cukup Gantt chart, PICA, & Cost Benefit Analysis.

TOOLS IN CONTROL PHASE

1. Gantt Chart.
○ Tools yang sangat tua, ditemukan oleh Henry Laurence Gantt tahun 1910s.
○ Membuat deskripsi kegiatan dengan ada time period.

○
■ Keterangan → Balok ungu (planning), Balok biru (actual), Garis vertikal (posisi saat ini).
2. Problem Identification and Corrective Action (PICA)
○ Simple & easy to read tools to enhance an improvement mindset. Tools ini hanya memastikan kita
mampu mengidentifikasi problem yang muncul & mampu melakukan corrective action.
○ Dua macam corrective actions:
■ 1. Immediate actions → Correct and control the breach in standards.
→ Langsung diperbaiki saat itu juga agar masuk ke standar.
■ 2. Preventive actions → Aim to stop the breach from occurring again.
→ Memastikan tidak terjadi hal sama di kemudian hari.
○ Steps in doing PICA:
1. Identifying the problem that might happen when doing the improvement step (can be internal /
external factor); 2. Identifying correct actions; 3. Identifying PIC & due date of corrective actions.
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3. Statistical Process Control
○ A methodology for monitoring a process to identify special causes of variation and signal the need
to take corrective action when appropriate using a control chart. Biasanya memakai big data.
○ Control chart basics:
■ Data points plotted in time order. These data points can be either continuous or discrete /
attribute data; A centerline (CL) which is usually the average; Control chart usually has
UCL and LCL which is 3 standard deviations from average.

TOOLS RELATED WITH FINANCING PROJECT

A. Benefit & Cost Analysis.
○ Step 1 → Brainstorming all the benefits and costs (Jika saya melakukan sesuatu, apa benefitnya
untuk saya (berapa uang yang masuk), dan berapa costnya (berapa uang yang keluar)).
■ Misalnya seseorang koki beli kompor senilai satu juta (cost), ternyata setelah mengganti
kompor masakannya menjadi enak sehingga menghasilkan pendapatan dua juta (benefit).
Artinya, membeli kompor merupakan keputusan yang tepat (karena nilai benefit > cost).
○ Step 2 → Determine all the benefits and cost monetary value (dibandingkan based on money).
○ Step 3 → Compare benefit & cost, where benefit must outweigh cost.
■ Don’t use it if investment is required, cost saving is a benefit as well.
B. Financial Investment Analysis.
○ Use these analysis if investment is required:
1. Payback Period (memastikan kapan investment yang kita lakukan akan kembali / membuahkan
keuntungan pada kita), 2. Net Present Value (NPV, melihat nilai investasi saat ini, kedepannya
akan seperti apa), 3. Internal Rate of Return (IRR, melihat nilai bunga yang diperoleh apabila
melakukan investasi. Minimal nilai IRR perusahaan kita harus lebih tinggi dari bunga bank /
bunga obligasi negara, agar menarik investor).

KEY PRINCIPLES OF SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION

★ Top management committed leadership; Integrated with performance measurement; Process thinking;
Disciplined customer & market intelligence; Bottom-line orientation; Continuous reinforcement & rewards.