Arts Media

Media Approaches to Communicating

for Development
Valentina Baú and Tait Brimacombe

Communication for Development

Roundtable, Sydney, June 2017
Proceedings
Image from www.pexels.com
Media Approaches to Communicating for Development
Communication for Development Roundtable
Proceedings
Dr. Valentina Baú, School of the Arts & Media, University of New South Wales
Email: v.bau@unsw.edu.au
Tait Brimacombe, Institute for Human Security and Social Change, La Trobe University
Email: T.Brimacombe@latrobe.edu.au
© UNSW Australia 2017
Introduction
In June 2017, a group of researchers from Australian universities and
practitioners from different not-for-profit organisations came together to share
knowledge and experience in the study and practice of Communication for
Development (C4D). This Roundtable was organised as a side-event to the RDI
(Research for Development Impact) Network Conference, held at the University
of Sydney on 13th-14th June. The aim was to strengthen the value of C4D
research and practice by facilitating connections between practitioners and
researchers on C4D-related research projects.

The focus of this Roundtable was to review and discuss the different uses of the media
in ‘communicating for development’. This specific area of C4D is also known as ‘media
for development’. Within this framework, both practitioners and researchers shared their
experiences in either using or studying particular media channels or media productions designed
to address development issues both in the Global South and in Australia.
This side-event to the 2017 RDI Network Conference was a unique opportunity to gather
knowledge on media for development, explore approaches being used by academics and
practitioners, and introduce some recent research in this space. It was also a means to broaden
the network of organisations that was created at the inaugural C4D event Communication for
Development Approaches in the Australian NGO Sector and Academia, side-event to the 2015
ACFID University Network Conference that took place in Melbourne in 2015. A report from this
earlier event is also available.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 1

Event Format

Table Talks
During this session, selected participants gave a ten-minute talk on their
media for development project or research; the initiatives presented
here included the use of a range of different media platforms and
programmes, specifically designed to address a particular development
issue that was relevant in the geographical, social and cultural context of
their audience.

Media Mix
This part of the Roundtable was designed to give the opportunity to all
participants to ask questions and clarifications in relation to the projects
and activities presented in the talks. Those who were planning new
media work in the context of development – or who had an interest in
this area for future work – were also able to ask specific questions that
enabled a better understanding of media for development mechanisms.
Facilitated by the Roundtable organisers, this interactive discussion saw
participants engaging in conversation on both practical and conceptual
aspects of media for development research and interventions.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 2

Experiences from the field
The first session was rich with information on media for development projects and research
studies, thanks to the talks delivered by some of the participants. This section of the
proceedings provides details on the Roundtable ‘talks’ and on some of the key points arising
from these.

Media Advocacy and Government Accountability:

Promoting strong public health outcomes through local partnerships

Presenter: Blaise Murphet, International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent (IFRC)
(live stream presentation from Geneva, Switzerland)

Since 1999, the IFRC has hosted the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP), which works for a world free of
road crash death and injury. Within the GRSP is the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety
that seeks to address road traffic death and serious injury in low and middle-income countries. Through this
programme, the organisation is operating across five priority countries that include Tanzania, India, China,
Thailand and Philippines. The rationale behind this initiative is that over one million people per year die as a
result of road crashes, with 90 per cent of fatalities occurring in low and middle-income countries. This has
also been recognised within the new framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Road safety communication campaigns have largely been behaviour change focused, with an emphasis
on safe versus unsafe behaviours. Yet, given the rapid increase in motorisation in low and middle-income
countries, the need to introduce new approaches such as facilitating a two-way communication flow through
the media has become more and more apparent. Building on an area of work that the IFRC has been
working on in collaboration with partners such as UNOCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs), this communication effort is based on community engagement and accountability, and
establishes a set of activities that put communities at the centre of humanitarian response.

Photo by Ksenia Kudelkin on Unsplash

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 3

The question that is often raised in the context of these types of strategic communication programmes is how
they can be integrated from a direct humanitarian response (e.g. earthquake) into a broader development
intervention (e.g. public health). The latter approach positions communities as active agents in community
development, and therefore able to contribute to positive health outcomes. It also places the government as a
key accountable agent for the achievement of healthy societies.
In relation to the adoption and implementation of key laws that act in reducing the global burden of road
deaths and injuries, it is therefore important to support local partners in engaging with the government, in
order for this to be kept accountable. An example can be found in the lessons learnt from the issues around
tobacco, where behaviour change campaigns have had some influence, but they were ultimately the laws
around non-smoking areas that have had the biggest impact on the problem.
What is central to this is the use of media for advocacy. Community engagement through media advocacy
involves the use of community support to flow information up to government representatives (e.g. digital
advocacy, production of opinion pieces, press releases, capacity building, media mapping, media
monitoring) but also to flow information back down from the government to the community level (e.g. radio
talkback, advertising, SMS platforms, media roundtables).
Some of the outcomes that have been achieved through the GRSP approach include an increase in media
coverage of the reasons behind road safety incidents and what can and needs to be done by the government
(as in the case of Tanzania); a partnership with media organisations to put child road safety on the map (as
observed in the Philippines); and an increased percentage of reporting dedicated to road safety, rather than
simply to road incidents (experienced in India). Results were tracked across a number of indicators that
aimed to assess the impact of community engagement.
GRSP’s framework for successful community engagement using media consists of starting with a broader
advocacy strategy; identifying local organisations (voices); mapping audience and relevant media;
implementing two-way communication, and conducting Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) based on suitable
indicators to measure the impact of the overall effort.

The question that is often raised in

the context of these types of strategic
communication programmes is how they can
be integrated from a direct humanitarian
response (e.g. earthquake) into a broader
development intervention (e.g. public health).

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 4

Reaching Remote Communities in Timor-Leste: Two innovative communication techniques

Presenter: Dr Christopher McGillion, Charles Sturt University (CSU)

This study was conducted alongside the Australian Government-funded Seeds of Life project, aimed at
promoting high yield varieties of five main subsistence crops. The communication context in Timor-Leste
is particularly challenging, with strong traditional beliefs held around agriculture, the presence of complex
language structures and high language fragmentation, and a high illiteracy rate. Agricultural information
is traditionally communicated by village extension officers, who often lack training in communication and
facilitation skills, have limited employment hours and limited opportunity to engage directly with farmers. The
media infrastructure is also unreliable outside the main urban centres; hence, the mass media do not work in
typical ways and oral communication is prioritised.
The problem that was identified was therefore that of communicating agricultural information in an effective
way. In order to address this, two different techniques were trialled: (i) participatory theatre, and (ii) animation.
(i) Participatory theatre: this technique had been previously used in Timor within the context of conflict
resolution and gender-based violence. Its adoption in the field of agriculture had never occurred
before; hence, it was difficult to get agricultural actors to “buy into” participatory theatre as a form of
communication at the start. Theatre has the capacity to attract a large audience, particularly in village
situation where opportunities for entertainment are limited. Phase I of the trial saw a collaboration between
a group of students from CSU and Timorese performers, while phase II involved Timorese theatre
practitioners only, who were trained in participatory theatre techniques by the CSU team. Thirty-eight plays
took place over two weeks, performed by local actors. Prior to each show, agricultural extension officers
had the opportunity to address the audience in order to highlight some of the key problems experienced
by farmers, which were then tackled in the performance. The retention rate of the shows (people who
stayed until the end of the performance) was measured to be approximately 90%. Theatre stories were
also generated by audience members, who fed ideas to the performers. The results of post-performance
surveys were indicative of the appeal of theatre as a source of information, and for the potential for
this communication channel to lead to behaviour change outcomes. All findings were presented in a
publication Chris has co-authored.

(ii) Animation: mobile phones are the fastest

growing medium in Timor, with increasing Photo by Chris Arock on Unsplash

camera capabilities. When the idea of

using animation was conceived, a plan had
been discussed by Seeds of Life staff to
provide each agricultural extension officer
with an iPad. By the time the animation was
completed, however, budget constraints had
made this impossible. The animation was
used in training workshops for extension
officers, shown in farming communities at
film nights organised by Seeds of Life, and
made available on the Seeds of Life website.
Through animation, crucial information was
presented to farmers visually, incorporating
local sounds, colour and humour. Chris’
publication on this topic provides more details
on this technique.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 5

Revitalising First Nations Communities Through Collaborative Creative Practice:
Culture-centred, service-oriented ways of working in indigenous communities

Presenter: Dr Bernard Sullivan, Charles Sturt University

The focus of this talk was on a way of working with the Wiradjuri, Indigenous people of central and southern
New South Wales, Australia, in their processes of cultural revitalisation, acting according to Wiradjuri cultural
values. For this project, Bernard worked in collaboration with a number of Senior Wiradjuri Elders including
Dr Uncle Stan Grant (Sr AM) and Aunty Flo Grant. The work culminated in the production of a film and book,
called Yindyamarra Yambuwan and a multimedia exhibition named Burambabirra Yindyamarra; these outputs
were produced through an iterative, action-research process with Elders and involved the collection of a
broad range of information on issues of cultural significance to the community. A key element of this process
was the co-production of knowledge as a cultural asset for the community.
Co-designed initiatives that focused on the community’s way of life, were told in Wiradjuri language, using
imagery and working with grassroots culture and language revitalisation. Through the collaborative project,
participants engaged in a transformative journey that expressed and explored concepts of identity including
connections to family and Country, reclaiming traditional Wiradjuri language, and various forms of creative
practice such as filmmaking and bookmaking.
The emphasis here was not on the methodology used, but rather on developing and understanding a culture-
centred way of working with people. Yindyamarra, a Wiradjuri concept based on a way of life centred around
mutual respect, became the way of working for all parties involved, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, and also
the subject of many of the creative outputs.
Culture is always personal. Working in a culture-centred and Elder-led way means recognising that the
knowledge involved is always specific to different clans, groups and Country. Within this context, action
research was particularly useful. Personal transformation through practice enables understanding and
embodiment of knowledge. Each stage of the project involved a process of shared exploration and
development, generating cultural resources through the use of creative arts-based practice. Arts-based
practice allows collaboration and dialogue to take place, and offers a space for articulating what is difficult to
say by creating a shared language.
In Wiradjuri culture, language belongs to country. Wiradjuri language is important because it is where culture
resides; its maintenance and revival provide cultural strength and identity. For example, the unique concept of
Yindyamarra (mutual respect) is only maintained through understanding of the language.

One needs to keep returning knowledge back to the

community, as co-researchers, and consciously giving back
whatever is learnt, since part of the ultimate goal is that of
strengthening the voice of the Elders through the new cultural
assets. This way of working could be potentially useful and
applicable to any culture that has experienced trauma, working
together to repair and recreate the cultural fabric.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 6

 Social Media and Activism in Fiji
Presenter: Tait Brimacombe, La Trobe University

This project was carried out in partnership with researchers at the University of the South Pacific (USP),
focusing on how social media was being used by a group of young women’s rights activists in Fiji.
Approximately 450,000 people are registered Facebook users in Fiji (that is half of the population). As a
country, it has been at the forefront of the Pacific’s ‘technological revolution’, experiencing some of the highest
rates of mobile phone and internet penetration coupled with some of the highest internet speeds and lowest
costs.
Research on social media in Fiji so far has mostly looked at these platforms as democratic spaces,
investigating mainly social media platforms for citizen journalism around government harassment but also
politics, in order to foster accountability, transparency and facilitate political participation. This research
explored more everyday uses of social media, and the links between online activism and offline collective
action.
Fiji has a history of heavy media censorship due to the political regime; this is generating an atmosphere
of fear and lack of trust in mainstream media platforms. Having a voice in mainstream media has become
increasingly difficult, and even more so for women and LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender)
groups: those who do not feel represented have begun to turn to social media, particularly as an intermediary
for gaining broader attention to particular issues or concerns. As such, information disseminated on social
media has started to catch the attention of international media outlets, and eventually national media
coverage. This has led to social media becoming an important tool for activists seeking to gain attention for
particular issues or to highlight political concerns or perceived injustices.
A validation of the connection between online and offline spaces was illustrated through the case study of
a Facebook group – Take Back The Streets – through which people were encouraged to record violence,
threats and harassment of women by public service vehicle drivers and to share information about these
incidents on social media. All the evidence presented online was collated and then handed over to the Land
Transport Authority seeking a package of reforms to improve the safety of women traveling in public vehicles.
In addition, social media were a valuable tool for lobbying and awareness raising after a student at the
University of the South Pacific had their scholarship terminated by the Government due to their participation
in the political campaign of an independent candidate, in the lead up to the 2014 election. The outrage
expressed through social media gained international media attention and generated public outcry, resulting in
a formal apology and the reinstatement of the scholarship. At the same time, however, research participants
also articulated the risks associated with social media, citing instances where they had been threatened,
cyberbullied and harassed.
Photo by William Iven on Unsplash

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 7

As an additional part of the Table Talks, Rachel Nunn, Head of International Engagement at Oaktree,
talked about Ethical Communications in Development. Oaktree is an organisation that raises awareness
about poverty and inequality in the Oceania region and promotes social change through policy development.
This year, volunteers from Oaktree have been working on a practice note on the topic of ‘Ethical
Communications in Development’. The aim of this practice note is to add to discussions about global poverty
in practical ways by providing guidance on the decision-making process of communications and media
teams within the Australian non-governmental organisations’ (NGO) context.
At present, there appears to be limited consensus on the way we talk about development. The consequence
of certain words and images we use to represent development impact poverty alleviation efforts. The driving
question when Oaktree decided to embark on this research effort wanted to find out how we can remove
barriers to the way we communicate about development.
The methodology used by the organisation involved consultations with practitioners from the international
development sector, who discussed their experience in communicating development issues to an audience.
The key challenges identified through this process included: communicating urgent needs of communities
while protecting their dignity; connecting the way we talk about development in Australia and the effects of
poverty alleviation on the ground; conveying genuine needs along with empowerment and self-determination;
mitigating the use of technical language.

Oaktree’s practice brief addresses these challenges by encouraging reflections on the assumptions
underpinned by the images that we find today in the news (and in the media in general) about development in
the West. Key recommendations arising from the study are:
„ Communications Advisors: Whether an NGO is large or small it is important to have systems in place for
approving communications and a set of ethical standards for external materials.
„ Training in Ethical Communications: Effective and comprehensive training in ethical communications
for all communications staff, including practical suggestions and discussions about how to incorporate this
into their work.
„ Accountability and Transparency: The sector would greatly benefit from a widespread accountability
system or an expansion of existing frameworks that are acknowledged and respected by all NGOs and
charities. Ideally, this system of accountability would be self-regulating and accessible to all NGOs and
relevant development organisations.
„ Collaboration between NGOs: Collaboration between NGOs has a variety of benefits; not dividing
funding between multiple sources can increase productivity and utilise the resources of many organisation
to achieve a common goal.
„ Consultation with Media: It is important for NGOs to set a precedent for ethical communication of
development and to make an effort to consciously collaborate with the media to ensure their publications
are ethical.

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Media Mix – interactive Q&A session
The second session of the Roundtable offered a space to delve more into the projects that
had been presented, but also to debate more generally some of the current approaches in
the use of the media for development purposes. This section of the proceedings presents
some of the points that were addressed during this group conversation.

Question 1: Road accidents occur frequently in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) due to limited infrastructure
and overcrowding of public vehicles. This has led to an increased emergency. The organisation HandUp Congo is
working with a team of people to introduce the basics of emergency medicine in the DRC. The organisation is also
looking to partner with the Ministry of Health to institute a campaign that raises awareness among first responders
(citizen, police, etc.) of techniques such as CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and others that can help to save
lives. Does the IFRC’s Global Road Safety Partnership have resources in French that can be adopted as some of this
campaign’s content materials and utilised for a future meeting with the Ministry of Health’s emergency responders?
(Lucy Hobgood-Brown).

Blaise Murphet, IFRC Senior Officer for the Global Advocacy & Grants Programme, explains that the
Programme’s advocacy resource centre has over 1,300 individual pieces of content that have been provided
to different organisations to assist specifically with this type of work, as well as been integrated in media
outputs. It is a knowledge and content database that is open and available to all organisations that need it.

Question 2: In relation, again, to the GRSP, at what point do you exhaust the potential of communicating road safety
and just need better infrastructure? (Rachel Nunn)

When it comes to road crashes, infrastructure is only one part of the problem. The emphasis of existing media
campaigns should be on behaviour change, with a focus on engagement and raising awareness of the key
risk factors. Making the issue only about infrastructure removes the burden from the individual to change
their behaviour and obey traffic safety laws, and instead places it on the need to provide safer infrastructure
as a basic level of safety. To be more effective in this context, it is important to make use of digital advocacy
(e.g. mapping of hot spots, geo-tracking, etc.) and of media as visual tools (e.g. images/video of pedestrians
demonstrating how to use safe zones, demonstrating the physical and cognitive impairment caused by
alcohol and why drink driving is so dangerous).
Blaise Murphet also explains how, often, in countries where the IFRC works, men are both the breadwinners
and the primary victims of road crashes. Unfortunately, men, and particularly young men, are over-
represented in the international road trauma statistics, placing enormous strains on families. Hence, the
advocacy effort needs to focus on the impact of road deaths and serious injury on the family (e.g. loss of
income, etc.). Addressing this issue through position papers, encouraging advocates on the ground to speak
with different departments and ministries, and bringing the voices of women affected by these situations to
the forefront through direct interviews (either on radio or TV) is much more effective than a written statement.
The World Health Organisation (WHO), another partner in the programme, has focused on this extensively
too.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 9

 Photo by Lisa Zoe on Unsplash
Question 3: In reference to animated video, how do people respond to this medium? What are the settings it is used in
and who is it used by? (Enggar Paramita)

Christopher McGillion from CSU explains that the animation trialled through the project was four minutes
long and focused on ten agriculture messages such as even rows and spacing, for example. In general, a
crucial element of the video preparation is to make the output look like it is native to the recipient country
and community. A combination of good briefing and strong skills of the animator is helpful in achieving this.
It is also important to incorporate culturally relevant humour that keeps the video interesting for the entire
time that messages are being conveyed. This key resource is then usable until farming practices change
(potentially up to 20 years). The animation produced through the Seeds of Life project is currently available on
the website for anyone who wants to use it. When the idea of the video first came, the research team was told
that the agriculture extension officers would be receiving iPads to show the video directly to farmers while in
the field. However, when the production was finished the money for iPads was not there. Hence, the animation
was shown by agricultural extension officers during training sessions; the feedback received indicated that
this output was more appropriate than live-action videos, and that people appreciated the humour. Animation
allows you to focus in on fine details in a way live-action does not allow you to.
Moreover, when the funding for theatre performance was exhausted, film nights were held, during which both
the animation and live action videos on agricultural knowledge were shown. The feedback received there
indicated that people had a strong preference towards the animated video, which is also more cost effective
to produce.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 10

Question 4: In the process of ‘collaborative creative practice’ with indigenous Australians, who was identified as the
end audience for those media products? And how were they negotiated at different levels? (Samantha Kies-Ryan)

The primary focus is to get the materials out into the Wiradjuri communities they belong to. What is presented
is local knowledge and language, and the priority must be for the source community to be strengthened by
the research.
The exhibition included a number of projects done with Wiradjuri people, to celebrate together what had been
created from those activities. In interviews, as part of the exhibition, people talked about their lives growing
up and how they felt about their language and culture. Everything was gathered in one space as a large
exhibition in a regional gallery and lasted for two months. People were able to wander through the space with
TV screens and headphones and absorb all the materials that were being showcased.
More recently, regional screenings of the film Yindyamarra Yambuwan (without the exhibition) have been
organised. It has been received well by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities. The book of the
same name, Yindyamarra Yambuwan, has also recently been published and a series of events has been
organised to launch it in different cities and towns.

Question 5: How do we build relationships when working with indigenous communities? (Donaniagara Dinata)

Bernard Sullivan suggests that the idea is to ‘ride the wave’. There is no place for an outside researcher
unless they help meet a need within the community. This project began with an invitation. Bernard says the
most important thing is to listen, be open to what the research needs to be – based on the goals and priorities
of the community involved. The initiatives that were part of the Yindyamarra Yambuwan project were at the
same time also of service for the community, hence people got to know the researcher and to trust him: this
is how relationships started to be built. It is crucial to ask open questions about what the community wants
to do and what can be done to help, rather than having pre-determined questions with clear answers before
the start. Participatory action research strategies that see everyone involved as a full contributor, involved
in shaping the process are crucial. One also needs to be flexible, able to learn, adapt and shift one’s own
thinking, assumptions and behaviour.

Question 6: How do you get your issues to gain attention in the broad landscape of social media? These platforms are
given as an equaliser to people, so they are crowded spaces and shaped by many different voices. How do you get the
attention of your audience? (Donaniagara Dinata)

Tait Brimacombe talks about the importance of discussion fora on Facebook, in order to help break the social
media bubble of people’s immediate networks and reach a broader audience. Minerva Blancaneaux, another
participant, emphasises the importance of establishing who the ‘audience’ is. Who are you trying to reach,
how, and what sort of information will appeal? It is crucial to have a targeted approach, rather than aiming at
anyone. Sharing her experience on conducting an online survey distributed through social media platforms
in the context of English-speaking countries in the Caribbean, Minerva explains how this research method
was chosen in consideration not only of the limitations associated with geographical reach over multiple
countries and of cost efficiency, but also for its suitability to reach a target population involving secondary
school leavers, who were already familiar with social media. Platforms used included Facebook, LinkedIn, You
Tube and email, leveraging on a range of different features from each medium. This enabled the investigator
to both reach her audience and to search for key informants on these platforms strategically. Hence, trialling a
range of channels can be a useful starting point.

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 11

 Question 7: What is the impact that the portrayal of poverty and development in NGOs’ marketing materials has on
their programmes? Is it not possible that these images are simply part of marketing and do not have a much broader
impact? (Steve Sharp)

There is a need for more research in this space. Rachel Nunn explains that the sorts of materials NGOs share
as part of their marketing influence the public’s engagement with that area of work. Hence, if a selection
exists on the type of visual material that is circulated based on its appeal, then what is generated is a
supporter base that only endorses the work of one particular sector, fostering a limited rather than nuanced
understanding. This is the case particularly for NGOs that are resource-scarce and with a large reliance on
public funding; these organisations are more inclined to select programming that has resonance with their
supporter base and with what this is likely to support, rather than what is actually necessary.

Question 8: On the issue of navigating this tension between conveying a genuine need and conveying
self-determination and empowerment without losing your supporter base, what can be done to mitigate this?
(Claire Hollins)

According to Rachel Nunn, it is necessary to ensure that both sides are empowered and to acknowledge
that neither side can do their work without the other. It is also about acknowledging limitations, again on both
sides, but also celebrating successes together. It involves providing a balanced view of the contributions
of both sides and avoiding an oversimplification of the ‘language of poverty’ that leads to the creation of
stereotypes.
Tait Brimacombe argues that this issue involves the development sector as a whole, particularly in the wake
of the shift in thinking that has occurred with the Sustainable Development Agenda, whose emphasis is on
encouraging ‘global solutions to common problems’ and moving away from a narrative of the ‘West helping
the rest’. This is despite the fact that public support for aid is still largely tied to the ‘charity starts at home’
rhetoric.
Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash

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List of participants
C4D Roundtable participants list

Full name Role Organisation

Valentina Baú Lecturer & Researcher University of New South Wales
(Roundtable organiser)
Tait Brimacombe Postdoctoral Fellow La Trobe University
(Roundtable co-organiser)
Christopher McGillion Senior Lecturer Charles Stuart University
Bernard Sullivan Postdoctoral Research Fellow Charles Stuart University
Peter Simmons Associate Professor Charles Stuart University
Conor Ashleigh Visual Storyteller Freelancer
Lucy Hobgood-Brown Director HandUp Congo
Blaise Murphet Senior Officer, Global Advocacy International Federation of Red Cross
& Grants Programme and Red Crescent Societies
Donaniagara Dinata Master student, Education (Digital Monash University
Learning)
Melissa Liberatore Master student, International Monash University
Relations and Journalism
Minerva Blancaneaux PhD Student Murdoch University
Rachel Nunn Head of International Oaktree
Engagement
Samantha Kies-Ryan PhD Student and Lecturer Queensland University of Technology
Matt (Romano Antonio) Master student, Design Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
Wamil (Research) - Communication and
Media
Steve Sharp Director TME Media & Education Services
Thi My Thien Mai Master student, Public Health University of Queensland
Somany Mok Master student, Public Health University of Queensland
Oleg Nicetic Research Fellow University of Queensland, Centre for
Communication and Social Change
Enggar Paramita PhD Student University of Queensland, Centre for
Communication and Social Change
Erika Bro Master student, International University of Sydney
Public Health
Rebecca Chen Associate Lecturer University of Sydney
Clare Hollins Independent Researcher

Media Approaches to Communication for Development – Communication for Development Roundtable 13