SH-ViPhysies/CC-XHR0 B.Sc. 5th Semester (Honours) Examination, 2019 (CBCS) Subject : Physics Paper : CC-XII Full Marks: 40 The figures in the margin indicate full marks, Candidates are required to their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Group-A 1. Answer any five questions: 2x5=10 (37 What are different crystal symmeuies? How many rotational symmetries are there in a Simple Cubic System? $F Calculate packing fraction for BCC lattices. (c) Silicon has the dielectric constant 12 and the edge length of the conventional cubic cell of Silicon lanice is 534A. Calculate the electronic polarisability of Silicon atoms. £87 What are optical mode and accoustical mode of lattice vibration? Draw the two modes of vibration. $6 What is Hall effect? What is the physical implication of Hall co-efficient? wien wype of interaction and temperature favours the formation of Cooper JSD Define magnetic susceptibility. State its dimension and unit in S.. system. > In a crystal whose primitives are 1.2 A, 1.8 A and 2 A, a plane (231) cuts an intercept of 0.6 A on the x-axis. Find the corresponding intercepts on the y and z-axes, a) ) Group-B wo wt roup- wot ; Answer any nwo questions: 5x2=10 wy (2) Explain Bragg’s law and Lane's equations for diffraction ‘of X-rays in erystals, Show the Jo equivalence of these two formulations. 24241=5 Qe (b) What do you understand by electronic polarization of an atom? An oxygen atom, on being . polarized produces a dipole moment of 0 x 10-22c-m. If the distance of the centre of Bye ps —ve charge cloud from the nucleus be 4 x 10~"7m, calculate the polarizat lity of the oxygen atom. (€ = 1.6 x 101°C, eg = 885 x 1072 farad/m). “i 24325 19099 we PME Please Turn Over tea) tafe 0494 aa ; ~ howSH-V/Physies/CC-XU/20 (2) (GF Obtain an expression for the lattice specific heat on the basis of Einstein's theory. State the limitation of the theory. 44l=S (9 (i) Explain hysteresis phenomenon for a ferromagnetic material. What is domain wall motion? (ii) Why do the domains form in a ferromagnetic mater (ii) Why a domain structure with multiple domain is favoured in a ferromagnetic material below Curie temperature? 24(141)#1=5 Group-C 10x2=20 Answer any nvo questions: _g (Whats pramagnet? Gif Describe Langevin’s classical theory of paramagnetism ‘and obtain an expression for paramagnetic susceptibility. Discuss the limitations ofthe theory. it ‘When do we call a substance as ferromagnetic? 24(641)+1=10 (&) Gi What do you mean by plasma? What is plasma frequency? Prove that, dielectric constant is given by, € (0) = SF. (ii) Write Bloch theorem, Determine the number of wave functions in a band considering cone dimensional lattice. + (14242)4(243)=10 (©) What is superconductivity? Describe the effect of magnetic field on a super conductor. What are type-I and type-II superconductors? iy What is clectrostritive effect? How does it depend on electric field? (2+3+2)+(241)-10 IF) Deduce an expression for the Hall coefficient of a semiconductor with two types of carriers having different concentrations and mobilities. (ii) The Debye temperature for diamond is 2230 K. Find the highest possible vibrational frequency and the molar heat capacity of diamond at 10K. T43=10 eel berB.Sc. Semester V (Honours) Examination, 2020 (CBCS) Subject: Physics Paper: CC-XII (Solid State Physics) Full marks: 40 Time: 2 hours Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as per as practicable. Answer any eight of the following questions (All questions carry equal marks): 5x8=40 1 (a) Prove that in determining the lattice parameter, the greater the diffraction angle, greater is the accuracy. (b) Calculate the maximum radius of the sphere that can just fit into the void at the body centre of the fee structure coordinated by facial atoms. 2. (a) Two dimensional lattice has the basis vector a = 2x and b = x + 2y. Determine the reciprocal lattice vectors. (b) Write down the geometrical structure factor for bee crystal and account for the missing reflections for this crystal. (a) How does the electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor vary with temperature? (b) The resistivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is 4.5 Q-m at 20° C and 2.0 0-m at 32°C. Find the energy band gap of the semiconductor. 4. (a) Dy* has outer electronic configuration of 4f° 6s°. Calculate the magnetic susceptibility for a salt containing 1 kg-mole of Dy” ions at 300K. (b) Discuss the origin of diamagnetism and hence explain why diamagnetic materials have negative susceptibility? 5. Show that in the Debye approximation, the total zero point energy per gm-mole of a solid is given 8 by 5 ROp, 6. Obtain the dispersion relation for one-dimensional monoatomic crystal. Hence show that the group velocity vanishes at zone boundary. 7 What is meant by “Orientational Polatizability” in dielectrics? The relative permittivity and square of refractive index of a dielectric material are 4.94 and 2.69 respectively. Find the ratio between electronic and ionic polarizabilities of the material. 8 What are the essential properties of ferroelectric crystals? Derive the relation showing the variation of static dielectric constant of these materials with temperature, 9. Give physical significance of effective mass of an electron and prove that it is given by m’ =h’ (@E/dK*) Plot the variation of effective mass of an electron with K. 10. Explain the origin of superconductivity. What are the predictions of BCS theory? What is Meissner effect?B.Se. Semester V (Honours) Examination, 2021 (CBCS) Subject: Physies Paper: CC-XII (Solid State Physies) Full marks: 40 ‘Time: 2 hours The questions are of equal value. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Answer any eight of the following questions: 5x8=40 1. Define linear atomic number density. Calculate linear packing fraction of BCC erystal along (100), (110) and (111) direction. 2. a) If V is the volume of a primitive unit cell in the direct lattice, show that the volume of a primitive unit cell in the reciprocal lattice is 82°/V. b) Define geometrical structure factor. Show that for FCC crystals only all odd or all even values of h, k, Tare allowed for reflections. 3. How does internal field (Weiss filed) arise in ferromagnetic crystals? Show that for ferromagnetic materials, Curie temperature is proportional to the Weiss field constant, 2. 4, Discuss the Debye’s theory of specific heat of a crystalline solid and show that in suitable limits, it gives Dulong and Petit’s law and the T* law. 5.a) What do you mean by electronic polarization of an atom? b) One gm mole of a certain polar substance is dissolved into 1000cc of a non-polar liquid. The liquid itself has a dielectric constant 3 at 27°C, whereas the solution has a dielectric constant of 3.2 at the same temperature. Calculate the dipole moment of the polar molecules considering volume remains constant, 6. Deduce an expression for the electronic polarizibility of an atom on the basis of classical theory and hence calculate electronic polarization. 7. a) Define Hall coefficient and how does it help to identify the carrier type of a semiconductor? ) Show that the ratio of maximum resistivity to intrinsic resistivity is expressed as He+ Hi) /2V(He Ha), where je and pu, denote the mobilities of electron Pa/Pi and hole respectively. 8. The wave function of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is given by (8) = exp(-t/a) / (seag°)'?Show that =3a? and calculate the molar diamagnetic susceptibility of atomic hydrogen at STP, where ap = atomic radius = 0.46 A°. 9. Define London penetration depth and find an expression for it. If the penetration depths for lead are 396A° and 1730A° at 3K and 7.1K respectively, calculate the critical temperature of lead. 10. State Bloch theorem. What is the outcome of the theory? Find the lowest energy band using Kronig- Penny model for P<<1.SH-V/Physics/Ct BSc. Sth Semester (Honours) Examination, 2022 (CBCS) Subject : Physics Course : CC-XII (Solid State Physics) Time: 2 Hours Full Marks: 40 The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as applicable. Symbols and abbreviations have their usual meanings. Group-A Answer any five questions: (f®) Blectrons are accelerated under 344V and then reflected from a crystal. The first reflection maxima occurs at the glancing’ angle 60°. Determine the interplanar spacing of the crystal plane. (b) The primitive vectors, in an orthorhombic cell are 1-27A, 214A and 151A, Deduce the intercepts of y and z-axes if the (213) plane cuts an intercepts of 0-635A along the x-axis. (©) Using the Kronig-Peuny model, show that for Pcl, the energy of the lowest energy band at mp Re etna {65 Calculate the penetration depth for lead at 5:2K if the London penetration depth at OK is 37nm, (Given Te = 7-19K). (©) The static dielectric constant of a crystal is 5:6 and its refractive index is 1-5. Calculate the % contribution of ionic polarizability. @ State some distinguishing characteristics of a ferromagnetic material. is given by E (GH Why are X-rays used for erystal structure analysis? 48) What are phonons and what are the evidence of existence of phonons? Group-B 2, Answer any nvo questions: Calculate the areal density on (100) and (111) planes of simple cubic lattice for spherical @) : atoms of radius 0-16nm, A second type of spherical atom just fits into the centre of each cubic cell, find the radius and packing fraction of the modified latice W241=S Please Turn Over 23895 347SH-V/Physies/CC-XU/22 (2) Mossotti relation expressing the relationship between dielectric lity, (ii) Discuss the origin of antifetromagnetis (e) (i) What is Meissner effect effect strictly? Gi) The cr field at 6K and 8K for an alloy for 7-616 and 4248 MAm+ respectively. Determine the transition temperature. 4p) Gi Derive the Clam constant and atomie pol 34255 "? Which type of superconductors does not follow the Meissner coherence length of Aluminium, if the size bf the energy gap is 2-02 x 10'm/s). 141+3=5 Gi) Estimate the intr 34x 10“eV. (ys What is atomic scattering factor? Derive the general expression for the atomic scattering factor using spherical polar co-ordinates, 14425 Group-C Answer any nwo questions: 10x2=20 (@) What is paramagnetism? Describe Langevin’s classical theory of paramagnetism and obtain an expression for paramagnetic susceptibility. Discuss the limitations of this theory. 2+6+2=10 (b) @ Find an expression for the congentration of holes of an intrinsic’ semiconductor in the valence band. : Gi) A semiconducting crystal of 12mm long, Smm wide and Imm thick has a magnetic flux density of 0-5 Wb/m’ applied from front to back perpendicular to largest faces. When a current of 20mA flows lengthwise through the specimen, the voltage measured across its width is 374V. Find the Hall coefficient of the semiconductor. 743210 Sg) @) Show that the Einstein's relation for the heat capacity per kmol of a solid reduces to the classical value of 3R when KT > hy. Calculate the number of possible wavefunctions in a band of 1d crystal. 743210 fi). What are superconductors? Distinguish between a Type-I and Type-II superconductors. Pe yp Iperce Derive London's equation and obtain the expression of penetration depth. Ail) Show that reciprocal of a bec lattice is a fee lattice. 743=10