Revision

Control and coordination

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A) : Insulin regulates blood sugar level.

Reason (R) : Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes. (Ans: a)

2. Assertion(A): A growing plant appears to bend towards the direction of light

Reason (R) : The plant hormone auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the root. (Ans: b)

3. Assertion (A) : The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of the root is exactly opposite to
that on a stem.

Reason (R) : Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in the root and decreases the rate of
growth in the stem. ( ans: C)

4. Assertion(A) : The use of iodised salt prevents risk of goitre.

Reason (R) : Iodised salt provides iodine needed by the thyroid gland to make sufficient
thyroxine for our body. ( ans: a)

5. Assertion (A) : The brain is also known as the central nervous system.

Reason (R) : Central nervous system controls and regulates voluntary actions.( ans: D)

6. Assertion (A) : Animals can react to stimuli in different ways.

Reason (R) : All animals have a nervous system and an endocrine system involving hormones.
( ans: A)

7. Assertion (A) : A receptor is a specialized group of cells in a sense organ that perceive a
particular type of stimulus.

Reason (R) : Different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli. (Ans: b)

8. ASSERTION (A): a nerve impulse is an electrochemical event.

REASON(R): In a nerve impulse there are changes in the resting potential which spread down
the nerve fiber ( ans: A)
9. Assertion: Abscisic acid is responsible for wilting of leaves.
Reason: It is a growth inhibitor. ( ans: A)
10. Assertion: In 'Touch me Not' plant, drooping of leaves occurs on touching it.
Reason: Plant cells change their shape by changing the amount of water (turgor changes) in
them. ( ans: a)
11. Assertion: Positive phototropism means movement towards light.
Reason: When sunlight falls on one side of the plant, the auxin diffuses towards the sunny side of
the shoot. Auxin concentration stimulates cells to grow longer and the stem appears bending
towards sunlight. ( ans: C)
12. Assertion: A neuron transmits messages in both directions.
Reason: The response is slow and produced by all cells of target tissues. A neuron transmits
messages in both directions. ( ans: d)
13. Assertion: Brain plays a secondary role in reflex action, when our hand touches a hot plate.
Reason: In reflex action, the stimulus received by the spinal cord that sends the response. The
action is registered in the cerebral brain just for memory. ( ans: b)
14.Assertion: Males have more stature than females during puberty.
Reason: This is because of the presence of thyroxin in the blood of females. ( ans: C)
15. Assertion (A): Reflex arcs involve a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron.
Reason (R): Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the spinal cord,
interneurons process and integrate the information, and motor neurons carry signals to the
effectors for a response. ( ans: A)

Short answers

1. Write one example each of the following tropic movements :

(i) Positive phototropism ( growth of stem towards light) (ii) Negative phototropism ( growth
of root away from light)

(iii) Positive geotropism (root growth towards soil) (iv) Negative geotropism ( growth of stem
away from earth)

(v) Hydrotropism ( growth of root towards water) (vi) Chemotropism (pollen tube towards
ovary)

2. (a) An old man is advised by his doctor to take less sugar in his diet. Name the disease from
which the man is suffering. Mention the hormone due to imbalance of which he is suffering from
this disease. Which endocrine gland secretes this hormone?

(b) Name the endocrine gland which secretes growth hormone. What will be its effect on a
person if there is: (i) Deficiency of growth hormones (ii) Excess secretion of growth hormones?

3. Lable the parts (a), (b), (c) and (d) and show the direction of flow of electrical signals in the
given figure.
4. What is the function of receptors in our body? What happens when receptors do not work
properly?

5. Write different between exocrine and endocrine glands.

6.Give a reason to explain why

(a) adrenaline helps in dealing emergency situations?

(b) secretions of growth hormone should be specific in the human body?

7.A man becomes unconscious due to head injury. A pin is pricked on his foot, he withdraws his
foot. Why? Explain.

8.A plant X was enclosed in a glass jar with some lizards. A similar plant Y was enclosed in
another glass jar but without lizards. Both the jars are kept under the same light conditions for a
few hours. Which plant is likely to photosynthesize more and why?

9. Identify TWO pairs of reproductive organs in males and females that are functionally similar
to each other. Justify.

10. Sagar saw a beautiful rose and smelled it. As he was smelling it, he happened to touch a
thorn and pull his hand away.

a. State TWO differences and similarities each in the way the nervous system performs the two
actions.

(b) Are all involuntary actions reflex actions? Justify.... Read more at:

Case based questions:

The human brain is a 3- pound (1.4-kilogram) mass of jelly-like fats and tissues—yet it'sthe most
complex of all known living structures. The human brain is more complex than any other known
structure in the universe. Weighing in at three pounds, on average, this spongy mass of fat and
protein is made up of two overarching types of cells—called glia and neurons— and it contains
many billions of each. Neurons are notable for their branch-like projections called axons and
dendrites, which gather and transmit electrochemical signals. Different types of glial cells
provide physical protection to neurons and help keep them, and the brain, healthy. Together, this
complex network of cells gives rise to every aspect of our shared humanity. We could not
breathe, play, love, or remember without the brain.
1)Animals such as elephants, dolphins, and whales actually have larger brains, but humans have
the most developed cerebrum. It's packed to capacity inside our skulls and is highly folded. Why
our brain is highly folded?

Ans: To increase the surface area of the brain to receive sensory impulses from various
receptors, interpret the sensory information with the information that is stored in the
brain and respond accordingly

2) Which among this is not a function of cerebrum?

a) speech b) Learning c) Posture d) Emotion ans: C

3) Which among these protects our brain?

a)Neurotransmitter b) Cerebrospinal fluid c)Meninges d) Grey matter

i) a, b & c ii)b & c iii)c & d iv) b,c&d Ans: ii

2. The human body contains a large number of cells A which are very long and branched, and
look like electric wires. The longest branch of this cell is B whereas there are many small
branches C. Any two A cells do not join to one another completely in the human body. There is a
microscopic gap D between every pair of adjacent A cells through which electric impulse can
pass by the release of a chemical substance.

1. What are cells A?

a. neurons b. axon c. body cell d. dendrites Ans ; c

2. What is the name of

(i) branch B, and (ii) branches C ?

a. synapse and neurons b. axon and body cell c. axon and dendrites d. none of these

3. What is the microscopic gap D known as?

a. synapse b. fluid c. gap zone d. axon

4. Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving information?

a. axon b. terminal fibre c. dendrite d. body cell

5. The cells A are of ___ types.

a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4

3. Rajesh found an old man lying on the road asking for help to take him to the hospital. He took
the old man to the hospital where doctor told him that the old man was suffering from paralysis,
and his blood sugar levels were high. The doctor told him that they have given the old man some
injections to reduce the blood sugar level and thanked Rajesh for his helpful attitude.

On the basis of above passage, answer the following:

(i) What can be the cause of high blood sugar levels in the old man?
(ii) Which part of the old man’s body might have been affected that has caused paralysis?

(iii) Which injection might have been given to an old man by a doctor to lower the blood sugar
levels?