COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
According to Oliver Schinkte, communication is a critical According to Osborn and Osborn (1988), an informative speech gives
part of our daily lives, and it is something that we often
overlook and fail to practice. There are times that we also
disregard the importance of speaking, listening, and
other forms of communication.
FOUNDATION OF SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION
1. Know your PURPOSE
- “Why am I doing this presentation?”, “Am I going to entertain,
explain, argue, persuade, or just simply inform?”
- have a specific purpose in mind
- purpose – is an exact statement of what you want your
audience to understand, to do, or to believe
2. Know your AUDIENCE
- “Who am I presenting to?”. “Who will be the people
who will listen to me or read my work?”
- as a communicator, it is important that you need to analyze,
cater, and respect the needs of your audience
3. Organize your IDEAS to achieve intended outcome
- create an outline to diagram how your communication will be
organized
- your outline should help you ensure that you don't omit any vital
information
4. Follow basic communication PRINCIPLES
- master the principles of clarity in presenting your ideas, use
familiar words in communicating your thoughts, and be an
active participant in the entire communication process
PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION
1. To Inform
- the main purpose is to simply convey information factually
- the goal is to input new learning, enhance prior knowledge,
confirm a concept, alleviate comprehension of an idea, or
explain a process or procedure
TIPS IN DOING INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION
• stick to the facts
• avoid repetition
• make it clear
rather than asks or takes. The demands on the audience are low, as
the listeners are asked to attend, to comprehend, to understand, to
assimilate, but not to change their beliefs and behaviors.
2. To Persuade
- to move the listeners to action or convince the people to
support the idea you want to convey
- the communicator should demolish the listeners’ objections
and prove the acceptability of his or her argument or position
- ex. TV commercials, billboards, periodical advertisements
TIPS IN DOING PERSUASIVE PRESENTATION
• be objective, but subjective
• use your brain, not your heart
• cite. cite. cite.
Gronbeck (1994) explains that persuasive speaking is the
process of producing oral messages that increase
personal commitment, modify beliefs, attitudes, or values.
3. To Evoke
- means to rely on passion and controversy to make a point
- Evocative Communication – centers on controversial topics
that typically use emotion to make a point.
- evocative communicators must show a lot of enthusiasm and
concern for the topic and must use personal experience to
draw the audience
- using government research, statistics and data can all help
make their topics more believable and more engaging
4. To Entertain
- is to transmit a feeling of pleasure and goodwill to the audience
- the communicator is considered gracious, genial, good-
natured, relaxed, and demonstrates to his or her listeners the
pleasant job of speaking to them
5. To Argue GUIDELINES ON WRITING A SPEECH (Lucas, 2015):
- try to make listeners/readers believe that your idea is better
1. focus on your topic
based on the various reasons that you have at hand
2. develop your topic
- is a logical and reasonable way to demonstrate one’s point of
3. organize your speech
view, belief, conclusion, or position
4. introduction
- speaker’s purpose is to appeal to the intellect of his or her
5. body
listeners so that they will be convinced
6. conclusion
TIPS IN DOING ARGUMENTATIVE PRESENTATION
• it is a one-way debate ELEMENTS FOR A GOOD DELIVERY:
• move the listeners / audience to action • volume
• end with a punch • pitch
• rate
PUBLIC SPEAKING • pauses
• vocal variety
Public Speaking
- is a way of making your ideas public, of sharing them with other • pronunciation
people, and of influencing other people • articulation
• movement
THREE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVERSATION AND • gestures
PUBLIC SPEAKING (Lucas, 2015): • eye contact
1. public speaking is more highly structured
2. public speaking requires more formal language SIX WAYS TO TURN NERVOUSNESS FROM A NEGATIVE FORCE
3. public speaking requires a different method of delivery INTO A POSITIVE FORCE (LUCAS, 2015):
1. Acquire speaking experience
SEVERAL WAYS OF DELIVERING A SPEECH 2. Prepare, prepare, prepare
• Read Speech 3. Think positively
- reading from a manuscript is the word-for-word iteration of a 4. Use the power of visualization
written message 5. Know that most nervousness is not visible.
• Memorized Speech 6. Do not expect perfection
- is the recitation of a written message that the speaker has PIECES OF ADVICE:
memorized
• Impromptu Speech 1. Be at your best physically and mentally
- is not rehearsed but is a presentation of a short message 2. As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg
without prior preparation muscles, or squeeze your hands together.
• Extemporaneous Speech 3. Take a couple of slow, deep breaths before you start to speak.
- is the presentation of a planned and rehearsed speech using 4. Work specially hard on your introduction. Once you get through it,
minimal notes you will be sailing smoothly the rest of the way.
5. Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than on
worrying about your stage fright.
 MODE OF COMMUNICATION GUIDELINES FOR BOTH THE INTERVIEWER AND INTERVIEWEE
IN THE CONDUCT OF AN INTERVIEW:
Multimodal 1. Formally inform that you will be conducting or attending an
- when there are two or more communication processes / modes at interview.
a time 2. Being punctual is key in making a good impression.
EXAMPLES OF MODES 3. Dress to impress.
• reading 4. Always start with a strong handshake.
• writing 5. Color your words with kindness.
• listening 6. Avoid unnecessary stories.
• speaking 7. Do not lose eye contact during the interview.
• viewing 8. The magic word is thank you.

Interview
- is a two-party interaction in which at least one party has a specific,
serious purpose and that usually involves the asking and
answering questions
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERVIEW:
• Interviews always involve two parties
• interview is always purposive
• there is focus on asking and answering questions
PLANNING AN INTERVIEW (Adler, 2012):
1. Define the goal.
2. Identify and analyze the other party/respondent.
3. Prepare a list of topics.
4. Choose the best interview structure.
5. Consider possible questions.
6. Arrange the setting.
CONDUCTING AN INTERVIEW (Adler, 2012):
• open with a greeting and an orientation
• perform several tasks during the question-and-answer phase of
the discussion
• close with a satisfactory conclusion