i tive: RRecatbideredContents Acknowledgments vit 1. Johan Huixing's Challenge o Play Studies 1 Kao! Marcon Creativity an Alienation 27 4 Emile Durbin on che Social Foundations of Bspresion 33 4 Max Weberand te Rationalization of Pay 78 5 Coorg Simmel and the Play Forms of Social Life 108 6 Bring Goffman on Playas Encounter 146 1 Play ar Humes Expression 182 efecences 222 Index 2356 Erving Goffman on Play as Encounter ew scl sess attain the cei of Erving Gotfman. is fr book, The Presentation of Sif in Every Lie 1959) eco the traditional divide beeween academic and ener eles and changed ‘he way thousands of people though about thet ve. Thecontempery ‘wordat least in midle-claes, bureaucratic manieation we ened in those pages to a gand “eon” or shell ame In alin’ view, Interpersonal exchanges could be een as uated foto "impression ‘maagement" Like poker players concealing and cher revealing thie ‘ars people in every situation display information aout themselves quite teateically. Naetainng referred image nue, “ving comes the contepiace of on ends sun of terpenes ‘hich the performances of others ar evaluated orsign authenticity tor gull. In hat ese human condt is entered szpeovistonal ‘heater communieaton becomes rhetoric ‘Such images were part of abroad intellectual exqucof 9508 Europe and Ameria ee Bllh etal, 1992, Cantor 1997) The posta: dente for security and oner—expressed sa new undormitavaism in Bos es, familie and polit ultare—had by that pinot sone radon Ashe numberofmidde lan, docitedpeoplerweledand ie [kaleship ranks thickened, the clsimso the new buressrats (ow te ‘ognize tobe quit rina people ike ourselves) were cen P08. Conformity im bch ts socal and exptalst verry wa usp Ie thar context, the nelle’ axealt on busine an politcal elePlay es Bacoureer 147 4 eistentilim (a wide angng claim about the arctlny of el sft eralons of Marsnm that quetoned he poyebolg Sselconsumeim,abwutit” theater and iterator and abot of middleclass ie, Wevrere beaming was clalmed amon tion men [Whyte 1956) cheer robots” manspulatedby ve ite (Mil, 1959} and rudders, other iected” eres or the approval four pers Rlsina, 1950} Indeed, the very the now soeity could be questioned Fron, 1955) bythe incressing consumption of commercial prods, tlei- wea anethica advertising, people must ecome wary ofthe chims irs. owercr,bcsuse many do not ye se the nature ores of ores, he atelleeual functions mech a ants o prophet who opting isons. Golfnan's power a a writer derives from his what Lfland (98.25) ba ale a "perepctve By incongr- nos mtalions of confidence rams catino worker psoas, ape persons, anda ete psd deeply neo the deals of ccls ie, Readers were stunned bythe levels of alesmanchiy nd polation thoy fund in the appieatons. Although thee was 35 “Jeroo roundewel fr broad societal change, a lok bind the sence Mise castoming and rehearsal ofthe new burearte might afford one “Tomall mesure of feotom and self iret. Realities tat canoe be © ange may a lease be punctaed. And in its darker, more Machive- "nn aplicrtin,snderstandng the popsand procedures of thes ight lp sco manipulate them, "themes intoduced in The Presentation of Self were developed by ‘etna nanos en backs oes the next weny ve years Hi pops Testy among bth ssademice andthe general vag pblicis atu thlens oa ois choice of subject matter~ themes elated totheslps {nd enor of if later olcommunication “peed” ideniy, ashe tinapement of emotions under these crcumstances—but also wis ‘ating tye Goliman combined nevelist'enchusiasm forthe subte- tis of experince with the categorising menality of» clinician, Each tpectoimterpeonal ie ors eee shel up for ada huscore, ‘quist-bjetvesertny that bridges the typical vision ecween sci lence an art. Toca any of hs book i to find cneself bind the ‘arain of public, ese the underpinnings faker for grantee i. olfnans place inthis volume derives om his undetstandng, pr Jugs deeper thin any other modern socal slats hat intxpencnal74 ‘se i always inevitably, form of pay Like Simmel Beloe hin, he sonveys the degre to which we are all actors playing a asoremey roles inthe onging drama of everyday als. However, be lo he manner in which weplay “a” thenerole and "with other prey Seasiilites, Human behaviors arf replated, ut neve desperate process of imerpersona enfromtatio, of mov and counter move Inthejudgment of Gerz[198, pa), nen every piece of ot man’ writing is dominated bya "pme analog." Gtinsn may wel te famous lor his dramatagical view of aciey, but his al conten Ishisdesergio of soil fe as an information game ‘This view of social rity given fll development in Gotimans (1969) Boo, Seratgic Inaction oe also Manning. 199) Pp ey Besse we cannot know srety the thoughts of then, re st me assumptions about dest understandings and desites, Ths mpi bas forou “reading” ofothers the expressions (a reat ange infomation