5G & Open RAN

5G & Telecom RAN

Legacy Telecom Architecture & Evolution
Fundamentals
01 From 1St G to 5th G how the Telcom
Architecture has evolved !

Practical Deployments
02 Examples of how Deploying RAN Components has
changed through Generations!

RAN Components Evolution

03 How the Ran components is evolved
Recently with the new Gs .

RAN Architecture Evolution

04 Looking into the new RAN Architecture and
the evolution of the Openness!

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 Wireless Telecom Evolution
2G

3G

4G

5G

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 5G Targets
2G

3G

4G

5G

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 5G Targets
2G

3G

4G

5G

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 The opportunity

2G

3G

4G

5G

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 That’s It !?
2G

3G

4G

5G

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 Comparison of 5G, B5G and 6G
* Technology Parameter Comparison across 5G, B5G & 6G

Technology Parameter 5G B5G 6G

[a] [b] [c] [d] [a] [a] [b] [c] [d]
Reference
Throughput
DL Per-User (bps) 1Gbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 100Mbps 100Gbps 1Tbps 1Gbps 100Gbps 1Gbps
DL Per-Pipe (bps) 20Gbps 20Gbps 20Gbps 1Tbps 1Tbps 1Tbps 1Tbps
Latency:
End-2-End (m s) 5ms 5ms 1ms <1ms <1ms
Radio/Air-Interface (m s) 100ns 100us 1ms 100ns 10ns <1ms 100us
Processing Delay (m s) 100ns <100ns 50ns 10ns <10ns
Densification (Connections/km 2) 10 6 (1M) 10 6 (1M) 10 7(10M) 10 7(10M)
RF Spectrum
Spectrum Efficiency (5G=bps/Hz/m 2/Joules, 6G=bps/Hz/m 3/Joules) 10x 1x 1x 100x 1000x 5x 2x
Energy Efficiency 10x 1x 1x 100x 1000x 10-100x Ultra-Low 2x
Mobility / Vehicle Speed (drone, etc) 500km/h 500km/h 1000km/h 1000km/h
-5
RAS (Reliability & Serviceability) / Redundancy 99.999% 99.999% 99.9999% 99.999% 99.9999% 10 99.99999% 99.99999% 99.99999%
Security & Privacy High Very High

REFERENCES:
[a] A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems (Walid Saad, Mehdi Bennis, Mingzhe Chen)
[b] Towards 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies (Marco Giordani, Michele Polese, Marco Mezzavilla, Sundeep Rangan, Michele Zorzi)
[c] Next-generation Wireless Solutions for the Smart Factory, Smart Vehicles, the Smart Grid and Smart Cities (Tai Manh Ho, Thinh Duy Tran, Ti Ti Nguyen, S. M. Ahsan Kazmi, Long

Bao Le, Choong Seon Hong, Lajos Hanzo)

[d] 6G The Next Hyper Connected Experience for All (Samsung)

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 Comparison of 5G, B5G and 6G
* Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G Use-Cases

❖Comparison of
5G and 6G
Across Several
Technologies

Picture Reference = Towards 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies (Marco Giordani, Michele
Polese, Marco Mezzavilla, Sundeep Rangan, Michele Zorzi)
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 Chipset War

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 Chipset War

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 Chipset War

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 Chipset War

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 3Gpp Releases Plan

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3GPP Rel 16

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3GPP Rel 17

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 3GPP Rel 18

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Telecom Evolution and Complication

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 Telecom architecture

RAN Core
HSS
PCRF
Transport MME

Microwave Fiber
(Hardware+ Software)

✓ User Database
✓ Policy Configuration
(Hardware) (Hardware + Software) (Software)
✓ Charging (Billing)
RU ✓ Coverage Layer1 ✓ Authentication

BBU ✓ Security
✓ Capacity Layer2
Antenna Layer3
✓ Scheduling
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RAN Zoom In
(Hardware) Software
Microwave or Fiber
Antenna
Power
Radio Unit (RRU) Layer 0/1
RF Signaling Physical low

Baseband Distributed Unit(DU) RLC MAC

Layer 2
Physical High
Unit
(BBU) Central Unit(CU)
RRC PDCP
Layer 3
SDAP

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 Multi-bands Networking
Superior Experience Green 5G
Coordination Enhancement
CA SUL MLB

Mainstream Vendors Released 5G CA Chipsets in 2020

2019 2020 2021

Snapdragon 888（X60） （X65）NSA/SA

mmWave+sub6G CA
Snapdragon 865 （X55) NSA/SA
sub-6 carrier CA 300MHz
NOT support CA mmWave+sub6G CA
sub-6 carrier CA 200MHz (FDD-TDD, FDD-FDD, TDD-TDD)
FDD-TDD support for uplink-CA
(FDD-TDD, FDD-FDD, TDD-TDD)

Exynos 990 Exynos 2100

NOT support CA sub6G NR DL CA

Dimensity 1000 Dimensity 1200

sub-6 carrier CA 2CC sub-6 carrier CA 2CC
(FDD-TDD, FDD-FDD, TDD-TDD) (FDD-TDD, FDD-FDD, TDD-TDD)

T7510 T7520
NOT support CA sub-6 carrier F+T CA

1. Qualcomm X60 CA capabilities includes sub-6 GHz+mmWave CA, F+T, T+T, and F+F 2CC CA.
2. X65 capability will be further enhanced to support FDD+TDD uplink CA. Sub-6GHz CA bandwidth reaches 300 MHz (3CC).

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 Multi-bands Networking
Superior Experience Green 5G
Coordination Enhancement
CA SUL MLB

Commercial UE NR DL CA function by 2021 Q1

SA NSA
China ：
Intra Band 2CC : N41C/N78C/N79C (2.6G,3.5G,4.9G)
China ：
Inter Band T+T：N41+N79 （2.6G+4.9G）
Intra Band NR 2CC: B3 Anchor，N41/N78 （2.6G/3.5G） 2CC CA；
Mate40 Pro Inter Band F+T: N1+N78， N3+N78 （2.1G+3.5G, 1.8G+3.5G）
Inter Band R CA： Not support
Kirin 9000
Global：
Global：
Intra Band NR 2CC: B3/B1Anchor ， N78 （3.5G） 2CC CA；
Intra Band 2CC : N78C (3.5G)
Inter Band NR CA： Not support
Inter Band T+T：N41+N78，N40+N78 （2.6G+3.5G，2.3G+3.5G）
Inter Band F+T: N1+N78， N3+N78，N28+N78 （2.1G+3.5G, 1.8G+3.5G,700M+3.5G）
Intra Band 2CC : N41C/N78C/N79C (2.6G,3.5G,4.9G)
Honor V40
Inter BandT+T：N41+N79 （2.6G+4.9G） Intra Band NR 2CC: B3Anchor ， N78C （3.5G） 2CC CA；
Dimensity 1000
Inter Band F+T: N28+N41， N1+N78 （700M+2.6G, 2.1G+3.5G）

Xiaomi 11（China） Not information of NSA DL CA。

(Snapdragon 888) Intra Band 2CC : N41C/N78C (2.6G,3.5G)

Inter BandT+T：
Intra Band 2CC : N41C/N78C/N79C (2.6G,3.5G,4.9G) N41+N78（2.6G+3.5G），Anchor B1/B3/B8/B20
CPE Pro2
（Balong 5000） Inter BandT+T：N41+N79，N41+N78 （2.6G+4.9G，2.6G+3.5G） N40+N78 （2.3G+3.5G），Anchor B1/B3/B28
Inter BandF+T: N1+N78， N3+N78 ，N5+N78（2.1G+3.5G,1.8G+3.5G，850M+3.5G） Inter BandF+T:
N28+N78 （700M+3.5G），Anchor B20

Other UE: Huawei P40/Pro, Samsung S20, S21, VIVO X60, iQOO7, Oppo Reno5 Pro, iPhone12 cannot support NR DL CA.

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RAN Evolution Quick Look

Big Indoor Cabinet Big Indoor Cabinet Small Outdoor Cabinet

Big RF Indoor Modules RF Modules Mode to Top RF Modules Mode to Top

Long feeders from the
Indoor Cabinet to the Fiber from the Baseband to RF Fiber from the Baseband to RF
Antenna Module Module

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Evolution and Complication

Forget about Feeders

Welcome to fibers

Less Messy

Decrease cabinet Size

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 Traditional RAN

With (RFU,MCPA)
19W at antenna Ports

(With RRH, RRU)

30W at antenna Ports

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 Practical Scenarios

Evolution is Not always

one shot

Mix of new and Old

Technologies

Complication of
Antennas

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Evolution and Complication

Tri-Band Antenna is helping in reducing the

complexity in the tower side

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 Compact Sites

FLEXI BTS In Nokia

is Also amazing
Solution

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Distribution RAN – Site Panorama

AAU
RRU Clock

Site power
supply solution

BBU cabinet
1) The fronthaul fiber between the AAU/RRU and the BBU is shorter

than 100 m.

2) Application: Europe (99%), China Mobile (90%), and China

BBU
Telecom (50%).

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 Over ALL Gain in AAU !?

Easier Integration

Larger Capacity

Lower Losses

Faster Installation

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AAU Advantages

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Centralized RAN – Site Panorama

Data Centers &Edge network

BBUs are placed in a centralized manner.
Clock BBU power supply Fronthaul fiber between the AAU/RRU and
solution the BBU:
→80% within 10 km.
→20% ranges from 10 km to 20 km.
BBU
Application:
BBU →Japan Softbank (with USUs)
BBU
BBU cabinet
→South Korea U+ (without USU)
→Top three tier-1 operators in China (typically
BBU without USUs)

BBU

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Virtual RAN – Site Panorama

BB

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RAN Progress Summary

We have seen the

progress of RAN towards
Virtualization and
Openness.

The Evolution brings both

BB benefits and challenges to
the traditional eco System

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Open Ran

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Open Ran

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 RRU Layer1
What is Open Ran! DU
RAN Hardware
(Servers)
Layer 2 RAN Software
CU Layer 3

Layer1

Layer 3

Layer1
Layer 2
Layer 3

Layer1
Layer 2

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 5G Layers

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 O-DU

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