CLASS 12 : FINE ARTS

UNIT : 3 -NATIONAL FLAG OF INDIA & ITS SYMBOLIC

SIGNIFICANCE

INDIAN NATIONAL FLAG : EVOLUTION

FIRST : AUGUST 7, 1906

The first national flag in India is said to have been hoisted

on August 7, 1906, in the Parsee Bagan Square (Green
Park) in Calcutta. The flag was composed of three
horizontal strips of red, yellow and green. The green
stripe at the top composed with eight white lotuses
represents the eight provinces of British India. The words
Vande Mataram was written in deep blue on the middle
yellow stripe are in Devanagri script, the slogan of the
Indian National Congress. The red stripe at the bottom
had the crescent moon and a star in white on right side
and the sun in white on left side.

SECOND: 1921

During the session of the All India Congress Committee

at Bezwada in 1921 (now Vijayawada) an Andhra youth
Pingali Venkayya prepared a flag and took it to
Gandhiji. It was made up of two colours-red and green-
representing the two major communities i.e. Hindus and
Muslims.

Gandhiji suggested the addition of a white strip to

represent the remaining communities of India and the
spinning wheel to symbolise progress of the Nation.

THIRD: JULY 22, 1947

On July 22, 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted

it as Free India National Flag. After the advent of
Independence, the colours and their significance remained
the same as horizontal tricolour — deep saffron at the
top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom.
Only the Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was adopted
in place of the spinning wheel on white middle stripe of

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the flag. The Dharma Charkha is in deep blue consisting with 24 spokes.

SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE :- (VERY IMPORTANT)

Saffron: Courage and Sacrifice

White: Truth and Peace

Green: Faith and chivalry

Dharma charka (The Wheel of Law): Progress of our Nation

24 Spokes in Dharma charka: 24 hours progress

CONTRIBUTION OF INDIAN ARTISTS IN THE STRUGGLE FOR NATIONAL

FREEDOM MOVEMENT

On the rising of nationalist movement which was looking for art

as a vehicle for spreading the idea of Swaraj. Abanindranath
Tagore amboded with the high political feeling of that time in the
form of BHARAT MATA. A woman was painted like a Hindu deity
however instead of the divine attributes she carries in her four
hands the emblem of the common men’s dream. A piece of cloth,
a manuscript, a branch of paddy rice and a rudraksha garland
holding in her hands. She has a hello behind her head and a
Lotus bloom at her feet.

In 1938 Mahatma Gandhi invited Nandalal Bose to decorate the

Congress pavilion at Haripura session. Nandalal Bose design the
Congress village decorate the huts of volunteers with colourful
posters.

These are depicting the life of common Bengali villagers. Earlier

Mahatma Gandhi had requested Nandalal to set up an art
exhibition at the Lucknow session in 1936. Also decorated the township Faizpur Congress
session in 1937. These brought him close contact with Indian nationalist movement.

The greatest contribution of the artist was spreading the idea of educated people in their rich
cultural heritage; awaken them away from the thoughtless British art and western cultural
influencers. Thus the founder of Bengal School succeeded in bring the painters, sculptors,
poets and musician in the mainstream of nationalist movement.

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