Steady state implies that the conditions,

temperature, density, and the like at all points

in the conduction region are:
Independent of time
ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTION
 Laplace equation for Composite wall

See Example 1
Laplace equation for Composite wall
 2

1 4

3
Laplace equation for hollow cylinder
Laplace equation for hollow cylinder
See Example 3
 q
4

3.5
T2 60 C
3
T∞ 20 C
2.5
k2 0.0692 W/(m.K)
2
2
h 34 w/(m .K)
1.5
L 1 m
1
r2 0.00005 m
0.5

0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
r3
 It is possible to increase the energy transfer
between a surface and an adjacent fluid by
increasing the amount of surface area in contact
with the fluid.
 This increase in area is accomplished by adding
extended surfaces that may be in the forms of
fins or spines of various cross sections.
Fins or Spines of Uniform Cross Section
Fins or Spines of Uniform Cross Section
Shape Factors
for Common
Configurations