You are on page 1of 136

27    

2
3
  
 2012   1433

978-614-01-0432-7 

    

  
(+974) 4930218 4930183 4930181 : 
E-mail: jcforstudies@aljazeera.net :    (+974) 4831346 :

         !


(+961-1) 785107 - 785108 - 786233 : 
  1102-2050 $   13-5574 :" .#
asp@asp.com.lb :    (+961-1) 786230 :
http://www.asp.com.lb :$   %&! ' 

!                   


!  %!& '!(  )* + ,   "#-.   $ "# 
.!*  ")0  1  2,  34  5.6 2#  70 *   

 . .                 

(+9611) 785107       :   


(+9611) 786233           :

4
7..........................................................................  

11 .................................................................    

23 ............................................................    

31 ..........................................        !"

37 ........................................... " $ " "   "

47 ................................................  $   " %&

61 ............................................ ( !"  " "  '

73 .............................................................    )*

83 ............................................................  +, )*

89 ..........................................................  &(- )*

95 .............................................................   , )*

101 .......................................... 01 /  .* )*

105 ............................................................  2 )*

113 ..........................................................    )*

117 ...........................................................  3  )*

121 .................................................................... &+

5


       


"-+./ 01"  *+) "  ! " # $%&' ($)
2% 3 3 1  4 "5+67 $8 0"
" #  ) $%&' 9:; <.= .?1 3 %@  
3 CD 5= "1E=  %A B. 2% $!+ /
$H IJF :; .G!  $ +) $/.D 4 3
($ %@ $ +) $ $ +K1 2% +E / F $+./
(2E@' N+  0O 51P  "F 4 5QD +K1 M L
.S ;F   "$+./ $H" R  =
5+ < 9:; L%U  (2011 S) R%. :D T!  A
 $ +) $/.D 4 $@ V $)8 "0W X1!O  $D6
"+.@ $ 0"  Y  ZP O ([D \ Z!
$%I  ]^D  2% +! 1) _ "5+67 $8 0"
$ + D `a "5+;Q" 9:; "bc L ($) 
2% $) `a 4  dF 0e! Lf  ($ $d/
. ) Dg h 
4 L  ($ 0/ 9:; i1/= j0 3' Rd1 O V
k "0 -: 117 L 4 L = (l' ( !J
$8 0" "+.@ $ 0"  $/%)  " # $%&'
$ 0/ i1/= 4 L = $J $!D .5m' 5+ < 4 "5+67
7
d O \% 0QD  "$+./ $H"  +QD= (5+I
.ng "\ "
4 5+K1 "Ff " # \;O + 1<  k%)
O qr O  Pr h1s op  ($d/ $ C'
: P. O  /  h1s
D; E/ (hu $) h/ O h+ :  
v)w ($/.D 4 ' x<D $!r  <r (51P  "F
S/= $/.D % 511# $f=+  3w +/ "DJy zE D :D
L{ $/.D 4 511# () h@ 66)= jJM 5+d ~O 2%
N+) 0 $) +E  $d+) $1%/  h/ 
0 ]) 2% 50@ $&8D h/ 9:;    +K67
‚D Wƒ  (FO 51P  "F €E $ 4 3f=+ 
.JW "$ D 5/" "O u $/.D 4 S)
01 R#+= 1) $ +I  $+' 5+< 9:; "b6)= 1@
(-) 01 $%d S1  $) h/ „%@ (-+E
01 $)J  (-+K67 01 R#+= (3@+) 01 †V
"ƒ=0 $+' 50 O ‡+. :; †PrO / .-0
 1) "$ D 5/" u ;0 $&8D h/ ~0ˆ O 50+w
h+mO  LK+M „%@  -: "-+)" -1%/  †%'
v)@ ‰ "+! 2% +P †/J" $ +c O  A ($/.D 4
L)7 u)  3<   d A ( ! S1r SQJ B%= R
3Š1 D;  ."$ D 5/" 5+d B#+= $+' 50
."+.@ $ 0" b+ "ƒ; 9:; j#' O L%P  :; †PrO
L%{  kJ@  $Pr 2% -O+ :; †PrO ;u
8
$) $% 1 "' +.@ $ z‹= 16= lM 508
h/  3 -+) \1 5b6) ($) "@)
.1$/.D 4  "0" $0  (hu
kJ+eP  L%P  :; †PrO O 1 :    
<= !+ / ($M O $ŒAO O $+QJ $ R#+ 
R%. :D +.@ M xM ("`<D  [d" $! kJ -+./ 01
$1A ";0+/ " ! $//! *^s +)= v= "D) 
‰ 3; *^ 9:; O P#+ L%P  :; †PrO .$%/ 
"S F" +.m     3 %@M 0  ZP% +.@ $ v)d
0IE X+  F -: _)  S ;  O (5+V ! 2%
N+d" $Pw "J 9:; R/= 1D $rm ("J 1
.2$1 $ %@ h/ [+E 4 "†!
$1  ƒ L%P  :; †PrO L/ :    
$f%p $1 v= 1/d (3 %@ Rw 4  0 +.@ L $DV
 1A 3g !F Z!   $ $=+ ! L { 5IE
 # JM Lr 2010 S) $Ž 4 .+M 0 1) 3). bI
 3). bI  g % 77 % xM (3@ h 
bI "g ! ?M  %63 2% +.@ $ xP = .D
0@  ƒ ‘8 F kJM L%P  :; †PrO / .$f%p
$ K@ lM  w (;x<J 66)= (+.@ $1 0 $Dr 2%
Cooper, Andrew F. and Momani, Bessma (2010). Qatar 1
and expanded contours of Small State Diplomacy.
http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/~bmomani/documents/ISA2010-
Qatar.pdf
Peterson, J.E. (2006). “Qatar and the World: Branding for a 2
Micro-State,” Middle East Journal, vol. 60, no. 4.
9
5O O ]V+= 5@ k1^  M ‘x (  %@ 
.1’Iw
. ) ~D 8 O $)8 +A' ; :   
5+67 $8 k)%= -: +W SG 01 jF; ’ +
2% +.@ 0 (G $)   " ($6%“ $ +)) $Ke<
4  ) 1   ”) O $#0 lM (3) 3 %@  
5IE $1% "$ $" k 1@ -: Le< •^%=  % –
5bf  $1 "@) jed 4 „ƒ =  %)#  (J $!)
.2— 4+I7 +IE "/
5+K1 $%&™ " #M i1/  $ "F˜ 9:; R
R = ( D $@) "5+67 $8 0" "+.@ $ 0" !
b+ R $rm  M D  "$JM"  O \ <% "$!r" 
.  %@M -+./ 01

Rockower, Paul (2008). Qatar’s Public Diplomacy. 1


http://mysite.verizon.net/SJRockower/PSR/QatarPDv4.pdf
Schleifer, Abdallah. Al Jazeera Update: More Datelines from 2
Doha and a Code of Ethics. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/
Fall04/aljazeera_schleifer.html
10
 

:q "5+67" $@ "+.@ $ 0" $; \ <J O D zA
$ 0/ i1/  1 ˆ $/  $1/  1 F A ($1 š01
k)e=  D („  1D<= F  !+g 1E › ‰ $ 0/ .5+I
E ^ 1  "n< O 3 %)"  k<r ΠS < 0gM 4
($) $% 1 „  $) "@) E=F S% – 4
.Nation Brand or Nation Branding :; S < :;
[w k @ S < :; Lr<= 4 op L@
C/D  1 1Aƒ=  1 F "+.@ $ 0" -O (3'
:$K+# $f D
z@ \/= O L%{ O zr \ œ F $ 0/ 9:; :FO
O $ +) X1!' O e/  -O 4 ;0 O (+.@ $
.$1
5D/ 3 †.p L%P \ œ F $ 0/ 9:; :JW
.;! O  w ( D  \/= O ($M 5D/A "5+67"
4 $fK0 51K \;<  N+<= $ 0/ 9:; :W
: O $ "01
 +d') q *Š+) ‰ $< n)= :(identity) $G
.1$0 F O $E^ \œx  (1  "
Argenti, A. Paul (2007). Corporate Communication. 4th ed. New 1
York: McGraw.
11
+mž q \/ h+ ‰ $< n)= :(image) 50E
.1( $ ( $ ( E^8)
.250E $G [ – 3; :(reputation) $) 
$) f% 3 z+)  ]! 3; :(brand) $ 
O (L8 (60 (508M (S < (\" (1960) „ % $+'
 PD *1q $A+8 O RK $1m O Ÿ D 2% „%.= )  )
.3"$dD 5QD "1p O "f D  ;6ˆ $;
¡ J 3; $ " :B%.E `<D X1!O <+)= (A ) S1/
($J/) ($<g) ($% ) zK‹  ) ' 51)  $% 
50D "@)  $%% $) – b+<= ‰ $f=+ F +rD)
.4"0 7 ;x 4
(Nation Brand or Branding)        
4 1!  < $' \= O $' $¢ S < 6 F
+ ‹" (vŽO Œ) ]! ($EE^  X£' "01
1   D  ."3w +/  "D)  4 S < :;
$% 1 $0  $+QJ jD „+. 0  ŒA'
S < 1) (b  3+O †%O Žƒ zr= vJA ‰ ($)
Oliver, Sandra (2004). Hand book of corporate communication 1
and Public Relations- pure and applied, London: Routledge.
Argenti, A. Paul (2007). Corporate Communication.4th ed. New 2
York: McGraw.
Fan, Y. (No date). Branding the nation: towards a better 3
understanding. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/
2438/3496/1/NB%20Towards%20a%20better%20understanding.
pdf
Aaker, D.A. (1996). Building Strong Brands, Free Press, New 4
York.
12
J.u 3O L ’=+ (0:7 3 0O "$' \="
 6DO k%b vŽO 1) .6DO ? vŽO Œ
„.= $0 66)  1@ ("$' \=" S < 51 h@O
.kfK J \/= S < :;
i1/= 4 51K0 $J.u "\ " „  "FA 1)=  A
1% "$' \=" – 4 BKED "01 "0 F
\="  $/%)  R#+ ]  ¤d ‘x R ."H
vŽO Œ —.u zƒ=  ;+AO ($%%@ 6= F "$'
S' "1 8 ."$' \= S <  O" ”) h1 ;
‰ $ ˜ $ %) "01 "F/ 1 16= $+ED $ p
[w R $@) O E<D "$' \=" [w 4 ZP=
($EE^  $ % "– 0 ‹ R $rm ("$) $% 1"
.$' \= $) $% 1 "w 4 ZP=
50J $D;x 50r jD 3% ) „.  "$' \=" \#+ 
._) †)8  $/ 50E 9:; EM ) 1% 
($! (50f  ($) $% 1 "O „.  :; S1^ 
(¥ ...$JJ "0 („  ($) "@) (S
= u) +m¦ 51< ($@ ($ % $Dg $G L)# *1q
.1"E=F "D@ u L/D% $% @ (($HE "@
("$' \="  vŽO Œ z+)= K+#M § D
$rm "$¢" = $% " :"$' \=" zr $ +)% k +=
$+E $)  LK+  j 4  Vr"  1% " 
Anholt, S. (2007). “Competitive Identity: The Brand Management 1
for Nations, Cities and Regions”. Houndmills: Palgrave
Macmillan. Xiii, p. 134.
13
"D@ LK z% ¨ u 3#0p _)%  Œ1/= ("@)
."E=F
($)  (50E ($G)  )= z+)  :;  1) J
$I% 0  A S < % †+@O )= €E ($0f  $)
†+)  \f) 4 0 1/d ."\=" "$¢" ; ($6%“
-O $ ¬  ª« k« « 1@ ­®S¯ R 7 (Š3© +̄W©O :; \ª«"
\°%)¯ -©O ¬$@1E ©L ±M \¯ ²« A kJ©O :Z1H 4 .³3A $́ ² kd +µW©O
$¶ ·  (q *«+ª)¯ $ ¬ k<D L)# x±M L¶ #+ «\«=¸ .Š3  %
~/ 4 0 ."0«E ¹  ±†+¯w  ¯ ) k \¬¯  :S̄±
.«\«=¸d $« ¬«  ª« k¯ ²« k« « (®S¯ :·3© +̄©WO :¯\ª«" :’˜
.0«E º  ±†+¯w  ¶ «©H k «\¬¯  :+ (¶$«  ·  S̄±
."15¶ »¬ :±\ + (¯\«¬
; ((1J+ ) $ % 3 +I S < % †+@' ; §) :;
($1p O Ÿ D  ~/ ) H "\" $%  zE
 6  ) BE (508M O 50r O $ -O) "$¢" 
O "f D :;+ v@ 4 k% /) "JH  kO
„ % $+' $) 7 z+)= R „ .  :; (("1p
./  9J0O  A "1J+ " S < (1960)
 œ1 4 "$' \="  $d+) $+QD v/J 1@
1 v ŽM Z£ ("„ " d O \% "+QJ " O
"3/="0QDs $E @F $ D  ’.m Ÿ+ R L) % \'
$J h  P $. \' O §)s ($dD 2% -.D
2% 50@ = $/= "O lM  %{ $E @F $ D 
http://www.baheth.info/all.jsp?term= $ 1
14
56  $+ "j< (‡ (]J#' +   †:#
N' SP @F 51 \' O  A . % $Qd˜ (/))
.57 $ "0E  d $dD= $; $J „/{ $)
$1  $Dg $ D  \1 $; "$' \=" $%  = :q
3%m1 a 4 1%% $dD  501/ 66)  ($!J 
.$JW $!J  3#0p
Rw 5A F v)d 5+QD 9:; M 1(2004) -J /
ŽO ~O 2% ($  f=+  N 4 "$' \=" $% 
†+H j  J R %# ‘x b+  .$ D 5/ "O  5O
1  lM $) $ k#= ( ./ _ ‘<= (50
+H _) \;< R ]D = "ƒ -1%/  h/ b= [+r
.$dD  $! < N'
b  "$' \=" S < BrO ?H +/ R%. :D
fŽ O  %O "$' \=" $%  v= xM ("$)" S < R
5! h  { 4 ($Dg $ D  \@ { = 4 ;
/ .$) N' 4 $1 $dD= C+8 { (+d'
$@ 5O 2PwO "$' \=" M 1E :; 4 (2008) -1J6
 @ 2% ¼<H 4 $Dg œ01/ 0     Dˆ $)d
$ D 5/ $. $' jD 0  lM ”) ];x L ."$Dg
.23) SQD 4 $' 5@ "J  O J
Nye, Joseph (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World 1
Politics. New York: Perseus Books.
Szondi, Gyorgy (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 2
Conceptual Similarities and Differences. http://www.nbiz.nl/
publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation_branding.pdf
15
$! lM ?1 R a / J 50 †+H j J O R@
$ #  d ("$' \=" "/.= S < 0.= 4 \; "$)"
dV ‘<= ½d {F 0Ž 1) 51 1 v)
"¢" jD (3A+ 8F +) 1/ oe<J (Ad%=
2% $J G 6f{ (9b6)= G/  \#+ = 511# "$Dg
0r 117 ?1 R@ b+dO ($JW $ #  .$1 $!
1@ (\' $E @F V $E @F "d m h+mO
"+r "1 ("FH  A 4 "d mF 9:; v/ )=
\O †)8 0+/  /  "1; $ # $d/W $
$ 4 $Dg $ % $O 5A  "1# D;  .51
"$Dg $ " O h+mO  "1# ! 4 (ŽA  ;
$ " 4 $/ 1 "O0  D ($ D œ@ +rD b6)=
;x<J \1= $dD  œ01@ 66)  $de $ @ "$Dg
.3
S+ @ ! "$' \=" 4 ”) hO0 (L / 4
($E @ ¾+d d= ("+E jŽM (†) "f<
†)% Dg % LedO $d/W "mD ($ # *+‹
.j 1! 2%
(1"$' \=" S < 0.= R#+= +m ! T!F
! „%@O  +AO .2‘= J!O 0 :mO k !+
Fan, Y. (No date). Branding the nation: towards a better 1
understanding. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/3496/1/NB
%20Towards%20a%20better%20understanding.pdf
Kabn, J. (2006). “A brand-new approach”, Foreign Policy, 2
Nov./Dec. available at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?
story_id=3608

16
”) +m 91/ J S < O "$' \=" – 4 %)
4 ("%ŽO) 0 xM .(vŽO Œ) \ O0 2% (k %I 
RK  ("$' \=" k¢ j3 # F" kJO k=1J k=  A
FM ;  "$O \=" 4 Z1H (S;O ”¿ FM a :; 4
; +m S < k=  A 4 (vŽO)  L / 4 .1$@ $#:
$dD= P  117 S <"   <r ‰ ("$dD  $G"
F ‘x R .2"$ " 50M $) $% 1 z‹= u ($O
k)@ 4 "$' \=" "$¢" S < S1^  (vŽO) 6
„  0 8 L (h+mO \;<   D 6 % —+ 
.3$) $% 1 $) "@)
$¢" ~/ +8 (vŽO Œ) +  2005 S) :D
À0 *F 10 kd À0 (-D —+ M   u "$'
1@ .$ 50  $ K@ +8 \e ._) ! $ 20 
*M 3#" $A+8 (vŽO Œ) $A+ +8 :; 0.=
*+) +8 " 2008 S) :D (X£™ $+' "3A
  +8 L  ."3A *M 3#  vŽO +8" \
"0 $) +M +E :’' N+ $/.D 
2% "3A *M 3#  vŽO" +8 1 ) .51P  $ +)
SQJ 1% "f D $+1E  501/ :3; (+rD $Á ~@
   x# 5+fG J@ $! ]) $d/ \H
Anholt, S. (2008). “Why nation branding does not exist?” available at 1
http://www.orangecontest.nl/docs/SimonAnholtNationBranding.pdf
Anholt, S. (2007). “Competitive Identity: The Brand Management 2
for Nations, Cities and Regions”. Houndmills: Palgrave
Macmillan. Xiii, p. 134.
http://www.nation-branding.info 3
17
2010 S)% +8 ŸK J vD  .1ÂD#' 0  F \f!
 l' 5+) 6A+ % (]=+  ) $  1 "$¢" 01E=
51P  $%  J+d JO 51P  "F :$ 50
.1  D + .M 1DA  
  ; bf  2)= $A: "A+ L $A: 1
50J "$Dg $¢"   ($. D $D;: œ0r ($ 
R a ;xO 4 $1 50r +rD [ – L<=  Ÿ D= (56 
$I% $d/ d+I7 ]) :L = +rD) 9:; (?1
.250  "A0 "E^ jb' "FAƒ Ã0 
($d/W ($Ä0= L lM "$' $¢" = $%  1D =
.n) 1%% +mž À0M $)g 4 +W= ($D;0 O $0# X1!O
L L)< "$Dg "¢" = lM 1 "ƒ7 1@
:3;b+ O *+‹
\H C+ +d' 3 $d+) „ )= $g+/Œ1 0 J 1
 ‡ <JF $d< › 9c $#H b (3g+/Œ1
\ A0M +d' $d+) 5b .$1 4 ' 
.$1 e/ 
.3) S Wƒ= x<J 16= 2

http://nation-branding.info/2010/10/13/nation-brands-index-2010/. 1
:Also see
http://www.gfkamerica.com/practice_areas/roper_pam/nbi_index/
index.en.html
Fan, Y. (2006). “Banding the nation: what is being branded?” 2
Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12:1, 5-14.
Szondi, Gyorgy (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 3
Conceptual Similarities and Differences. http://www.nbiz.nl/
publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation_branding.pdf
18
2% \œ01@ 5b (+d' L/D= +< z= o<Å 3
vJA M $ :# $0   $! " #  ZP
.51)
5+ ) $) "A+ 1 5b (-E @F SQD $ 4
._) [/ z% ¨ 4 0  F  $! 1P%
(_)   A 1  501E "1p "f D 5b 5
"f D R% 9:; $#! $1 N' 2% $dD 
.S'   R@  )@ 66)  "1p
2% EP% $D 5/< 1 $dD 16= 6
$ "1 vJA j ($D#' "1 " 
†:# ("up "0    1 9:; $#! .$D/= O
.+1E % 511# NO B d "0  F
$+ /) "j< †./  2% `dD  5b 7
.5+# 
.N' R= %  L@  ]%. 16= 8
$¢" = lM $@+  0O   11) 2) 1@
$%/  $ "JA "+ ‹ ‰ 1 ‘%= $rm ("$Dg
9:;  (½d {F 0Ž $A+ 8F $QD 0Ž 1)
h+mO  v ;  A (0I%  =+A <=F 1D 1
 J b6)= ( Dg $D) ‡+ b6)= "$Dg $¢" 
 ($1 $! 2%  )@ ;0e! -/= ($dD 
Ÿ+D + O 1D+M J.+  $ D7 0A :‘x $%O
†D# $ +c vJA N :; 4 \;' $ +f  O V .1D%Dd
vg+Å 1/d .(1=+ ') -+ED) 6  $/! 1)  /+dO
19
zE D :D "$Dg $¢" = $%  4 1/+dO †D#
: D $O *1;O „/P  3w +/  "D) 
 $%g / $%g R a 4 v^+= ‰ S/JF $! jŽM 1
.-+ED) 6  "
$ #F o+' 2% je/ (3 #F ' Ã+= 2
0 J $ QD $Œ+7 L@  (R a $D 4 v%V= ‰
(5.m $ # +;‹ L%  =b+dO  ("01^
.$  $D 1/d o+ L ($A < o+' 0 JA
„d+  ($ P  § L;ƒ= 5M ng E @F Æ)JM 3
.$. •%/= L ) zK‹  16 „%p ¾+d  ‘x
2% /+dO †D# Rw 5M (?1 R a $/W 5)  4
(3 0 ]) 2% 50@ 51r $1A ($) $.+p
O $%;' †+H jŽM "6D L£ „%)   d $rm
.j+  50/ 4 $D
$& „%m m  $D#' "0  F †:# Rf= 5
.$ x7 $Dž $0  F
$rp f% v%= ($/  *1;' „/{ L#'
"J  d vA08 ‰ $) " #F "+ "1/
"&; $rm " $  "0M  (R a $1
: # 2% $<% f% L  \/J . Dg —1 R a
Lr= "D@ $ \QD  ng Lr= $f=+  Rw (l'

COMMUNICATIONS (2000). A vision for government 1


communications in South Africa. http://www.gcis.gov.za/resource
_centre/reports/comtask/com_rep.pdf
20
"$Dg $¢" = ($J $ # . Dg $1  
4 b+ ' X1H A .3#0p _)% 5117 /+dO †D# S1/=
~ƒA $de  ; (/+dO †D7 5117 "$Dg $ " jD 0gM
s _) z+)  $D W1! A -: (2010 S1/ 5+ _)
($+E) $1 jD h  2% (/+dO †D#) $1 9:; k=6“O
2% 50/ ($0  F ' ~Y0 †./ F 5ƒ  $Dž
.$1 $! 2% Ld 0 ])

21
    

$% 1" $0  S < LE<   j3 o+)  1


("$' \=" "$' $¢" 4 ZP N 4 0+w +O "$)
z% U .$0  $+QD 4  < ‘   Lm1 % +QJ
R#+  d+)= ‰ ("$1%/  $% 1"  $) $% 1
m  "$#0p "% 3% ) „. " ŽO 2% "01
O ! 4 ("$<% ^ 1 "! 3 Lr "
V "= "&; R'  J# 4  0ˆ $) $% 1
<‹  0Œ $1%/  $% 1 vJA S L  .$¢0
$% 1  `0 zE .$/%I † O z%m ¢0
$) †+H R v J ŽM / ($Œ1/ $% 1 $1%/ 
1! lM $) $% 1 $0 Ã0= R#+ (L / 4 .l'
+/  "D  zE D 4 .13w +/  — zED
1JO S1^  1D (11# §) S < ] A +)
";c 4 0 7 Wƒ= zE $) $% 1 S < V
1  (V zr (1965 S) 4 . KO $#0p "
0" Žƒ $) $% 1 ($% 1 J/% + %d $01
k#= ($1  4 S LK  ;V $dPE

Szondi, Gyorgy (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1


Conceptual Similarities and Differences.
http://www.nbiz.nl/publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nati
on_branding.pdf
23
"  # L<= m   1% 4 S) -O+% "H
À% 2% $% ) ‘%= Wƒ= ($rm €E " $! V
.1"$#0p k= *1  1%
4 ) O L = $) $% 1 ¤d V ]!
:) ' 9:;  .$1%/  $% 1 bf = $1 "@)
((3D#') 3#0p S) -O+ 4 Wƒ  2% "H 501@
4 œQJ R  1% 4  HE $rm " L<= $JM
(" 2% $#0p  $rp +0/  Wƒ= (+m 1%
 kD Ÿ D  ]J#' %+ % 1 Lr 
."d/ = lM -   Lr=
4 1  $) $% 1 S < " v@ ‘x :D
 1^ = ‰ "' ]' D  ($1 "@) 0gM
h+mO ") – †)8 R Lr % ($1 " QD 1
LK "ƒ $) $% 1 $0 v.=0 :; .($D#O)
$ " #= 4 ;0 S) -O+ z@ 2% Wƒ 
.2$#0p
‰ 50 †+H 1 8 R ~+= B%.E 0 ‹ O V
. fK J ~@  0  $) $% 1 0.= 4 v
L!+ XW lM $+' $) $% 1 \/= Œ (Ä0=
G b0 0Ž 3) 3 ‚D I 3O L $.=+
.$+;# $ "FF
Szondi, Gyorgy (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1
Conceptual Similarities and Differences. http://www.nbiz.nl/
publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation_branding.pdf
.Ibid 2
24
 #  d v c (/ $) 0O  +A' 1 ˆ (l' 5+ <
0.@O › $ +I $+' ) \/ +D $) $% 1
z%m Ç)= ‰ q)8 [D@M $ F $¿ 4 ($@+  0O
.$11H 017
$% 1  $J $%!+ $1 + 01# 0Ž LŒ
$EE^ "J  7 ”<È "b  ‰ ($)
R 4 ;01 R#+=  ‘x R=  $+' $) $% 1%
._) j›O
0Ž 2011 u   + -H " f; vJA  D
v #= ‰ ($ $%!+ $1 À0J 4 3) 50f  3#+
(3 3 +) ) › $+' $) $% 1  d
.$Dp 5/ €E  1! lM R#+  "6ˆ  A
§) 3  $) $% 1 S < A $%!+ LA 4
S) 3<d .S < % $Vr z+)= 5M ]%.   (+I <=
($) $% 1 ~0 ~0 -: (Æ= 6J; 1/ J 1990
1¿ z+)= 2% „d  \  _  $)d V 5O ;1 5m' 9:;
( 1! z+)=  6= F $) $% 1 O R .G
1! lM $D  $ŒA' C' 4  < ;Pd ;D) "
.R
$%r   7" : 1%/= $) $% 1 *+)=
4 I  o+I 3D#' 0 7 4 Wƒ % $dG $H
3+' $)   (À= 6J; ."9+ O k=D@
$%  3;" :$) $% 1 S < +m z+)= 4 / („ 
0d' \ <=   $¿ 4 3D#O 0  R $! Lr=
25
œ $Dg  d1;O  d/W œ %)  % ;1%
.1"$D;+
$% 1 $+' $#0p 50b v<r 1997 S) 4
 51P  "F% $Dg €E 66)= lM 2)=" ŽO 2% $)
.2"$D#' ; 7 4 Wƒ  0m \;<  m
$H  #" :Žƒ $) $% 1 (`J;) *+)
"F% $#0p $ i1/  Lr   $& $&  $¢+
"F "@) 1/)= ‰ \ < j $#0 •%/= (51P 
R $) $% 1 ’=+=  A .3"h+m' †) 51P 
Lm ;x<J \Q)  $% ;0  œ0r P  1 3)
.4"3) R a
%) *1G 2% +E /= "<+)  9:; O T!
u *1  1% 0  4 Wƒ  ; FO ($) $% 1%
3K D *1G +Ax 2% =  (9+ k=D@ I=
*1  1% 4 S) -O+ Rd 4 L  ($) $% 1%
Œ .$%m1 O $#0p œ I  k ! 2% ’Ie%
*1G :; ]f{ V $) $% 1 O lM +QD ‘x \ d
O (¡0p 2% $P <D $& „%m L@  $D%) *1;ƒ k<%I=
.$Dg €E 66)=

Hans, N. Tuch (1990). Communicating with the world. St. 1


Martin's Press, NY.
http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/1.htm 2
Hans, N. Tuch (1990). Communicating with the world. St. 3
Martin's Press, NY.
Peterson, J.E. (2006). “Qatar and the World: Branding for a 4
Micro-State”, Middle East Journal, vol. 60, no. 4.
26
             
  "      "   !# $% &'()
5  6 (2002) +,-  . ,/0 12  .4   4
 A?2 8 !9. :;  <= >?@ 6      
.1  B ?
C  DE+ !F  G- .4 HF  I!
I :" J?. H K  &+,E,2  L M?) &N=) O?
:" Q 
 V  -!U   2 + RSTU      "
WAE X Y?U .1        8S  &.1 
 ^ ZA?[ ,+ &\1  V  &:]A WA 
_`       aY=2 M` .A   V   U
R &XOE D:0  RTU 8 bcE &  I ?
   6cE 1 .d A   V  e VU : b`
&f2g M  A 5  Ah: RiU 6  C   
>E 5  k) V  A?U A   V  6) j M
.2">A2 J? 8!(l k V
    m) !]  6 (2003) 2 6E .K
Z R ?  &UK  ]no :; <= + b" 2   

Szondi, Gyorgy (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1


Conceptual Similarities and Differences. http://www.nbiz.nl/
publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation_branding.pdf
Szondi, Gyorgy (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 2
Conceptual Similarities and Differences. http://www.nbiz.nl/
publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation_branding.pdf
27
 1)  .JO \QD= (\/ 2% 6A+  u 3#0p 0 7
.1$1%/  $% 1
$ $.J'   $) $% 1 $.JO L =
=) $rp Ÿu ("1D "!+ Sd' o+)
"j/% $E @F "+ˆ "1 D $01 ")
$.JO $0 " O (2004) 0 z h+ .($ŒA'
"0 O " 7 2% +E /= O ]Ê F $) $% 1
2% 50/ *+g' R  d À0= O ]Ê L ($H
’=+= 1@ ."3#0p 0 7 z@ 4 Wƒ  Lr 
À+8M u M ( fŽ 1!O 4 ng 0 7 $) $% 1
*1;O Bw= ‡+8 u O ($#0p $  # 4 Dg
.ng 0 f% $#0p $
"&G O "7 `– m  $1 L   V
"&Gd (5j<A O $%d +AO $ †6!' O $H V
Œ F ‰ ($/ F $)¢ $@1Es R = $H V
 11) \e= "&G 9:; O  A .q R  "P%
$&; -' Œ F (j.D ]J#'  5up †PrO
V "& % Œ ‰ ’Ie " £ S/ $%  $) O
¡0p 4 + I Dg R $@) O (q S/ $H
$I% "F– 4 "@.   $1% +d kJ¤d ("7)
!O $  $d+) ($%˜ $d/ $d+) ($%˜
0.@' 4 †6!' R 07 1 "@) $@M O  A .R a

Ham, P. Van (2003). War, lies, and Videotape: Public Diplomacy 1


and USA’s war on Terrorism, Security Dialogue. 34(4):427-444.
28
"%) 50r +d ($1%/  $% 1 $  L  $<% ^
+d (†6! LA "JM ! $d+) ($w0) †6!' 
1)= œ1m œf D "A+ O  A ("   "D@
$0f  ")d .$Dg $  = 4 $; 5O eO
($% $. D $D;: 0E I= 4 \ = $/ $P#D
.$Dg $)  { 2% 1=
5IE 1% $) $% 1 2% 6A+  B 
("$%E" O "$Dp" 5/ 0 $1¿ R (\fH $. 
Ÿ+ 4 C+ÅF u ($% 1 $! 2% uAO 0 $0 s
.3) —1 R a $%r "x
"%) "FE=F 50W _ M =D 0; /
"8 2% +AO 1 )= L/  $%  L)f $)
1/d Z¢  O .1"$1H "D/  +d' "@)
ƒ $) $% 1% $K+ 0' ! $%m1 4 v!+r
~D $d+) R B¢ "FE=F #D= 4 R+ 0. "
RDr 4 \ A0  b ?   ($) $% 1
E=F LK 3I%= O Z¢ 1) = .2"$#0p "
$rm (5+8 $E^ $% 1% $#H 50.  $1H
  \;<  $/ jD 0+w 6 F +8 E=F O
O †08  R@  0g :; 4 .1 †)
Cincotta, Howard Cincotta (1999). USIA’s Information Bureau, 1
in State Magazine, February 1999.
At http://www.state.gov/www/publications.statemag/statemag_feb99
Kurbalija, Jovan (Ed.) 1998. Modern Diplomacy. Prepared by 2
Academic Training Institute. http://www.ati.usacademy.info/
Books/Modern_Diplomacy.pdf
29
$) $% 1  J 0.= $) $% 1 1 =
:5117
$1 O Rd1 0  d g ])% (g $% 
$/%)  e/ O J N/! e@ L@  ( $ $e/
.$&
(/  0  d g ])% ((\fD) g $% 
$% 1  [D :; .$rp kHE O 90dO LŒ Z£
L ) j+W' O 50  "E^ ”) S@ 4 k/.= 1Ê
”) LH S s (A# 3# `/  +J= 1=  ` V
h  2% $JJ e/ ”) 51J O 1 e/
h  2% $%# (\fD) g $%  + Q=  A ._)
\ D)= : $w+ O  D S“ ¡xË m  ?1
S   jF; ($DH D% j+< $1 " QD
 L :; [8 1@ .$JJM ) O "x $D) $% 
$ %@ " QD 1 kf D= 1%/= " Ì! g $% 
.1—1 R a " QD $D  " /D Ì! $%˜

Sharp, Paul, Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats, in: 1


Jönsson/Langhorne, Diplomacy, vol. 3, p. 343
30
       

1/ 4 $%8 $)#+ $J.u $) $% 1 vw+)=


$) $% 1 91 =  (3w +/  "D) 
kM v J -: \/  ¡ J FM ;  "F{  S $J.u
_) O k=rm \;O vJA (5+ < ‘%= 4 v+#O ‰ XP
("$!E 3  D" O "/ " 1% J.+ h+ " 3#0p
."uM" "” O +ED" ("+; 1%/=" ("01› 4 "
9:; I= 2% $%;' $¢+ "0 z% ¨ vEJ ?  
("+E" 1% J.+ bu= $Dg 50r jD  ($D;: 50E
  ]%. = 9:; I  $%  .""d/ 1) " ("@m"
($) "@) $) $% 1  # 1! (’.^ 
i1/  (q z+)  ;b+ M ]Ê ‰ $ Ê ]J7 11P 
.13#0p _)% "$ :7" J.+
$ # 4  <J $J.u $) $% 1 "1# :;
: e+ d1; „/P  $%  V $  SO (51/) "1{
$/+. œ J.+ S1/= $/+. (J.+ $)¢  [d1
u ( /%  0  R $/ jD  .3) 0 f% $)D/ $ :#
.* mF B  -: \;<    S+ !F  ‚D $&œ

Bound, Kirsten, Briggs, Rachel, Holden, John and Jones, Samuel 1


(2007). Cultural Diplomacy. http://www.demos.co.uk/files/
Cultural%20diplomacy%20-%20web.pdf
31
„%m 2% 51P  $%  "! v%  (1997 S) :D
 $/   0'  KA+8 R $/  117 ‚D :;
LP (% —= (À:J —.u j0b `K0 1 ._)
$Dg $G 11c 2% k6 1AO ("†8 1% " lM J.+
$Ž 4 J.+ $//! `) ng `! $Vr ($J.u
.+) +/
`ƒ=  $J.u $H vD%O 2002 S) 4
m  ($) $% 1 $f=+   # „D  `%–
! †) R "@ jD 4 $H "0s z+) 
($#0p 50b  # R `%a :; [.  ._)
`%a ($J.u $! $&; (—.u 4/ `%a
51! $f=+  ! (0  F 50f % —.u
"$H 1/ " : w ! 0P = $) $% 1%
."$D  $K1"
J.+ .J.u 511# 50r jD $<  # v/%.J
$ 01 $% 5/ ("d/ 1)  (Nm ([1 1% 3; 5117
 F 6A+ J.+ i1/= 2% „  „+d L  .$.J
."d/ $+ "j< ("1p (RKe (0d' +1E=
$J.u $% 1  # "6A0 2005 2004 ) m
Dg (#D  S%) 4 1/  1% J.+ i1/= 2%
.\ E   ' $w %
$% 1 S < $Vr J.+ "O 2006 S) 4
$) 0O "1! .\;< ` (À% I=  d1;  ($)
v # (21  +/% $J.u $) $% 1% *1;O
32
$#0p "! 4 L ) D) +d' $%< *+g'
:13; ($) 0' *1;' 9:; „/{ L#O  L )%
\œ0E= 1Ê 1% +< ~D L)# :$<' 5b 
.kD
+mž L)# (1%  $ ÊM ".J „%m :+1/  5b 
.".JF 9:; m  1% +
$ :# $ # 1% $Y0 2% ~D Rf= :~D À+8M 
R L<  (œf D j+8 2% \ )f= ($01 $!%
. @
(0  F 2% "A+ Rf= :+d' À% 2% Wƒ  
 [D@M (J.+ " +d' 1ƒ= 1!
.<%!  ) L) %
vJ+ J $8 2% $J.u $#0p 50b R@ `)
-: B%.E 3; $) $% 1" O 2% 1Aƒ  S < :;
)=  k S/J  m  $ Dd1;O „/› 3A k1^ J
1 )= *1;' 9:; „/P  ."¡0p 4 ~D $ R
:$O "O XW 2% $J.u $) $% 1
])%= :(3 3 3 ) $J.u $x $&G $) $1p 1
½ƒ (_) ! "%) 0m' +J 4 ! 0
.ZD 8 $#0p 50b  3O L  %ˆ
4 Ä0= 3; "3 3 3 " % $) $1p O \V0

Bound, Kirsten, Briggs, Rachel, Holden, John and Jones, Samuel 1


(2007). Cultural Diplomacy. http://www.demos.co.uk/files/
Cultural%20diplomacy%20-%20web.pdf
33
$8 2% @ x<J ž G ¤d (3xM Z ' S/
 [ F u ‘:A ($ 2%  )@ u (vJ+ J
($d+I7 $/.D % /d) 3x Z \  .vJ+ J „+g
"SM *M" $# 2% ‘:A ($.  5E/ # 2%
$1p v%/ J 1@ .1 4 )  $1p 516  50E
d 6<%  N lM ž "3 3 3 " % $)
(0x ) ~0 4 v/%.J ‰ $ +) $I% —6<%  Z $1m
(— JA) +D 4 v/%.J ‰ $0< $I%  (2008
.2009
Ÿ+  $<% $J.u $ 7 ; :—.u 4/ `%a 2
eO `%a 2/%  .¡0p 4 - +   QJ J.+ $d/
66)= 2% `%a L ) .$#0p 50b  k%ˆ  J#
$I% (\%)  Ÿ+ u ¡0p 4 51P  $%  $)¢
(50 ("%) d= (S%) (D< ($6%“
!  110 4 ]= `%a h1 .J N/!
S/ ‰ "gD [JO 2% $%' ”) 3%  4 ._)
:—.u 4/ `%a q
R@ ]! (†% 5/ "0  4 "0 \QD= 
$ 8 †8 zO 40 ]01= Í $J.u $#0p 50b
N+d jD  5/ 4 511# "0  2% $ 20 4
.L )
$%˜ $x \œ.¿ u $ 18 4  $Á R  
`%a   $J.+ $d/W Ÿ+  $/ " a
.—.u 4/
34
$6%“ $I% "0 m 6A+ —.u 4/ `%a +1 
—.+ 0 m % 1.2 ?! -+Ê (h+m' *0)
.S LA
~01 4 : %=  $WW —.u 4/ `%a 1 
($) ~01 L; † A 2% 51P  $%  Lm
.h+m' "d/% \;+1/= \ d $#0  Rd+ -:
`%a +1 (51P  $%   d s (1  11) 4 
$¢0 V "j/ 3; ($ % 3;/ —.u 4/
.S%) ! 5+  0dO ‡+. ~D  d À0
= L = lM —.u 4/ `%a *1  ‘: 
j›O  51P  $%   ~D $1 0d'
"@ jD  À+  \;<  b6)= N+g 51) _)
.$ K
$#0p 50b $) = $:<D= $A 3; :À0  % $A 3
4 $' "1P  3.I= "+ˆ +1= ZD
2%  + $D1 †+@ R@ ;+/ 4 $1 $
$) $ – "+ˆ D = .+ %“ 3 D7 L!
h  $)d0 $A0 †: c ($' $1 e/ 
R $A0 $! < "+ˆ 9:; ._) j›O R 
.5up -x
01E= ("FA " 9:;  # lM $dw
$. "+D  5A $ – $J.u $#0p 50b
ˆ  A .¡0p 4  1^  *1q $J "!%
120  +AO 4 Z«= $/KW $J6<%=  eO Ÿ D= 50b
35
jA+8 R ZD 8 $#0p 50b ) = .$
4  –u Ÿ+ % $J.u $H ".@ R  +m
‰ $<E $' †)' 50 L ($K+ $) "D
.2012 S) 4 1D 4 \QD 

36
" " "    "

6  O T! ($ŒA' R#+  1 lM 5)


0g 4 6 F "$' \=" "$) $% 1" 3 <
 0  O D  ŒA' 17 Æ/D
$' \= $) $% 1 O h+  ÀD; . gD
h+ .$A+  $w0O -O  D ’ += F <% ¨  <
C/J 1D @+ < C/J 4 A+   < O +m
F d+   < O h+ -: Z -O+ ÀD; .h+mO
mO .z+)  O L 4 <% m M ( Ž e 4 <% Ä
"$D " 51@ 2%  < 6    ÀD;
]01 % Ÿ+ \QD= ($d+) R#+ +d= 4 $%  ;+rD
NmO 1@ # mO ($D  " QD= # (\%) 
.1$D %
\= $) $% 1  A O lM ' -O+ 1D 
"' *1;' "f=+ F Z!  <% U $'
$%  $@) P#+ \Ž¤d — -O+ †PrO O . %<
("' *1;' "f=+ F Lm1 = Z£ (  <
.0' —1 R a "J S) [./ $1 \/ =
Szondi, György (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1
Conceptual Similarities and Differences. Netherlands Institute of
International Relations ‘Clingendael’. ISSN 1569-2981.
37
($) $% 1 jO { lM Lm1  O L  :; -
LK u (RO 0  lM r m  ( )d $<e
]O LK "O z‹= $JM R ($¢0 O $1%/= V
"$' \=" $+QD  P  ”) ];: .13/  E=F
\=" $%   j6# $) $% 1 0  (‘x  1) O lM
*1;O „/P  ($ "f=+  S1/= 5m' O $rm ("$'
$#0p " ’=+= $) $% 1 O ! 4 ($e+
.51˜  d1;O
$% )  #   < M Z -O+ †PrO /
(51! *1;O „/P   <J $w0'  /%.D (51!
:; 4 .  )¢ $D;: œ0r { $1 Ÿ+=  O
1) 3; $) $% 1 O (2004) vDd - h+ N
 d À0= *+g' 51)  50 ($' \= 4 3O
1 F $)d = Ì! .+d' ¾p [./ $%;' ") 7
jD L@  ($D  56  # 2% S/= $f=+  § = O
"1 i1/= ($I% 1;) O $d/ " R "@)
(\ < :q ._) 4 S T<! "@ "%  4 $A0 O
(1% 0dO \@ +;# R $ fD $' \= $%  =
\= $%  = O ]Ê ‘: .$' Lˆ 2% 50@ =
k#  L )= L (1% " #= "f=+  \ r 4 $'
.0+/ RJE $f=+ F "0p

Szondi, György (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1


Conceptual Similarities and Differences. Netherlands Institute of
International Relations ‘Clingendael’. ISSN 1569-2981.
38
 O § = 5 1 O lM k#  :; †PrO •%Ä
"O lM ƒf%  ÀD; ."J *1;™ )= (  <
$%  4 op  F1 $) $% 1 LK ]O
LK ]O "O [= Le<=  ÀD; L / 4 (\=
¡6 \  "FH ]V 4 .$) $% 1  F1 \ 
= 2% S/= $%= $%  4  <  LA •KEm
.0'
$) $% 1 $' \= O h+  ÀD; (L / 4
1 .$%< +rD) $f=+ F "' *1;' 4 <% U
:$  C/D 4 * mF +rD jF;
$ ÊM $D;x 50r „%m ! \  $%  0P =  D 1
kd L+ \P  (9cF -!O Lr= 2% 1 )= (1%%
À+= R 5+E ¨ $.   ÎE= ‰ LK+  es
1 )= $) $% 1 ¤d .L<  0P% 51¿ $!
*1q 0H = 2% 1 ) -: 9cF 3KDW Lr  2%
.`dD=  F1 )= \;<= `ƒ=
$' \=  3' *1G O $' 5+< vJA xM 2
( )8 ($1 4 "+< " O "6 " +rD b+ M ;
$% 1 ¤d ($mD $). $d+I7 œ6 ( d/W
1!= ‰ $A+  +rD) 2% 6A+= ]I 4 $)
~ % L ‘x $Q! Œ . /+<=  F1 †)
 0' S eJ v) ‰ $@+  0O  ¡xË 4
{F $@+ $%  0Ž 1) 3 0' {F $ +I
9:G $) $% 1 $f=+  "6A0 1/d (½d
39
{F     D $A+  +rD) b+ M 2% 1
.3 0'
h  Rd0 4 L  $' \= $% ) 3K D *1G A xM 3
$) $% 1% 3K D *1G ¤d (1% $d+) 3
.„W )= lM -   \;<= `ƒ= 4  
L  $' \= $) $% 1 N+< +m +O $y 4
V 3; ‰ "\ " "O *+Š )= L   d (†%'
$% 1 "O O ! 4 (%# $Q! $ % $K+
6  \  O  A .$% $60 ]O 1 )= $@ +AO
 +AO $˜ $j % $w+  uAO $d<
.$) $% 1
($' Lm $e+) ; 7 *1 = V \  $%  M 5
*1 =  D .$ E O $% zr= V ‰
5+W $%< $.D $; 7 BK+ $) $% 1
  (S) -O+ 5@ ($ O $d/ ]^D L
Lr  $%  ¤d ?   .$) X1!' $#0p 
3ID ‰ $) $% 1 4  D L O = $' \= 4
$w0) " – R Lr  !'  A 4  %
.$%E  j0  +QJ " # %  +dO O $H "
$% 1 $' \= "d mF N+< \;O 1=
:1-1J6 k)w -: ?  17 4 $)

Szondi, György (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1


Conceptual Similarities and Differences. Netherlands Institute of
International Relations ‘Clingendael’. ISSN 1569-2981.
40
       
                
    
  
    !  *! !  
 !  %& "#$  + ,   )
'&  #   
    ( ) %  
 #-   #$.  /  $  #-    
) "  $ ) " 
 0   1$# ! /     2 ! / 
 2  03   4 
 5 6  76 - :#  ,6  9:
8    !') (5#   *& 
 !' 
' 0' , 6 #- 
6#      6 
5 
 *  , 6  . *    6
      6 ,
 6 
 '   $6   !#6)  $6 
':    !#6) ;6
6' &  
' 
/!'     *9' * !
  #   4!      
> <   <) *   ! *:! *9 

41
       
  , .( 
   8  4
*9  4
  '  #-  9       6
9 $  &   #   
A 6  3 &   
       65  03   
+   /6  #   03 B !2  8 '& 
9         '$8    
/  #    0  #- 
 $    #6  C5 
 3B   !2 
 #$.  /  /<   2  D#!
 '
03  D#!
  >'   $6  >'  
   $    !  4 
F6  E  ('8  E    ('8
, 6  %   *  $6 
 65   $6   6  ! &'5  6 
 '  8   &! &'5
*!  5 /
' 6
>'  *:!   #  * >' 
  !6 G  #     !'   !6 G
03  ( :  ( :   ! ,6
03 

42
       
    :  #6   H  
*9  #2G *!   9#  
%        2G  03  1! 
 ##G  # G D#!  +'   ' 
  &  0   ! 2 
  &   :#     '   B 
  
 & +!  . D   ! 2 
0    65 
  !#6)   
:    & 
+!  .
/6 
3 *:!   ,  2G *9
2G *9 >' :# 5 E#3
!   E $6  .!5) '  
2G *9
2G *9  6 *   ,
#2< *  !' /    $8 (

   -0   ! :    
 #  
I5 
 6  '  / #  -G
J  >'  !      !  J  >'
 0 
* -  -   0

43
V O $fwJ V  "F¿ ÀD; (N+< 9:; LA \V0
($) $% 1 $' \= Ÿ1% $JM h+=  $% 
LA $%d 5j<A $<e (+mž   D LA 5<  *1q
O 1(2004) vDDd - O (k#  :; †PrO h+ . D
: D ($<e $ ÊM ŸK J „/ 1@ 0  Ÿ1
.$f=+  +AO $) $% 1 L)# 1
.3f=+ F „D  ’.^  L = 2
.$D#' O $#0p ; f% k# E=F *1;O 1!= 3
zr= V ‰ ( % 1 1D E=F "0  { 4
.$<)w Žƒ
.3) h  2% $' $dD= 66)= 5
$.JO ' ($1% $dwM $#0m $%m $M $.I= d= 6
.S LK S ; ]./ = "$' \=" ")d
.$ %  %)# $) $% 1 4 $H Z) 7
; f% r ]O LK 4 511# ‡0 Z 8
$; 51/ r „/ $' \= O  A ($D#'
.$) $% 1 u  M r Œ ‰ ‘%=  o+O
 ($) $% 1  # 9c )d' + $d+) d= 9
K/ ' .„  X£O 4 $1^  ~/ "O m
R %)  ( @ ŸK D   $' \= $%  2%
.$)#+ O +.  *1q 5j<A $+ $% ) "#+¨

Szondi, György (2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: 1


Conceptual Similarities and Differences. Netherlands Institute of
International Relations ‘Clingendael’. ISSN 1569-2981.
44
2% -.D 1@ Ÿ1 :; L O +m 2Ä L / 4
: O "%
\ d ( % 1 $rm ($1 3<‹ ”) j3 1@ 1
.$K O $Ê+= $% ŽƒA ;0  ?   ("$' \="
($0 $g+@ ] $' \= $%  *)wM R/ 1@ 2
$¢+ +K1 4 0+/ xU " "1/)= ($¢+ BK%
L)<  % Ç  $' \= $%  *)wM R/ 1@ 3
$ $! 2% $%< †.@' $ " xf 
0+  L@+) 1@ :; .$ †6!O $! " # 
5117 $H jIM ("H I= $! 4 $rm $% )
.$/  $H "0
($¢0 $ O  Ê+= "$' \=" /%  h+ 1@ 4
.$ ŸK D ½ƒ= ?  

45
     

pY(  6 V f,A f,  q 6 r%; 8


&"21  , ] " 8 SU " ) > U" m  f s t
   B=TU  ,  Z! q ZVU   (
,=? &f# f/  ,=? B  u<  &K  .!T 
s t 12 6cE j M Z  .<;A 8h F m=) , A
, ] " 2  $O=   &  v=]U BU==  BU,w 
<  8 SU  H# U x  X ) +) "21 
."21  , ] "
v= &8!T  6!V  Rh  21  , ]    !#
yz &;0 Rh z  VU x  YT-) 8 '9S  '? W
A?2C QU . ;0  ! f =V? 62M  '{p? 
( &;0 Rh , YU Z ?| 21  , ]  D } ~
<,l 8 SU  2 ,+ 8 , ]  B  VU  !i- & !]= 
.   RSTU ,!V  M€
  Ai-) k  m +F &'()    
NVO? >h; m   ‚@  2,+ &21  , ]  |p
B) ƒ!?  &,t  (  ? „  &   y2
5  21  , ]  | k  a.,+ A. .E  ?n †T 
+]?:C   @ ? RS    :;  I ?
.EV9 
47
(\a   L" Žƒ 50E ’ \f) *+)
4 5f 3% / ."L/) O ;: 4 km $ s 50E
:"$D;: 50E $) "@)" k  A 4 $D;: 50E% k<+)=
h ~D \Q) $D n) F $D;: 50E B%.E A xM"
"+ " ~@ ¤d (\; +– Ì! O 3//! V O +  j38
F j38 -' 3%/) i1/  lM = Žƒ o+ 1@ $J k )g 4
$ +f  5A¿ O j!M 3; O (+8 L ~P% kŒ1/= Œ
(+8 L [#+  eO 3; ($D) zg) v.=0 $!
.1"3/%  ~! k A0O  LU 3; O
$%E¿" $D;: 50E 0  lM $E ^ "01 •%U
A -O 9c 5ƒfd ; 7 1# 4 ]+ = ($! †0c 51
$Db 5+ < $ QD O +d A j ; 7 9:q E= k
(BPr V O PPr A j R@  )= 3; ($%g
 = 1@ .†0f  9:q ’=+   ;1   %A + Q=
$J/ = 1@ (5+8 V O 5+8 $ +f   0E 9:;
")K 2% O („KW $' 2% 1 )= 1@ ($<g O
 @r )@ Lˆ +' $Ž 4  D ($/W V @'
."\Ž;xO 4 Ž% 
Wƒ  "% ) $D;: 50E  Z1H + / 5
L1)= O ($D) $D;x 50r `+   *+g G: ‰ (3
($ A+= "um b+<=  7 9:; .‘x V O $; 50r
O [w  /%  ;x 4 51¿ ".J "0E= L=

54' $4 4 " %4&  (+ .2002 %* / 1
.%
48
1  4 5A W1!O Lr<= 0E  :; 6 Ä Z£ ( +O
"J 3@1 1O 1 ."$. D 50E"  *+) 1!
:13; $O ) O $W $D;: 50E
:q 1E/ :Cognitive component 4+)  O 1) .1
O $e@ O w +< Gm  À01 ‰ "%) 1)
k% §= -: ~' 3; "%) 9:; u )= ( E^8
.$D;: 50E
1) 1E/ :Affective component —1#  O 1) .2
O $e@ O [w 9c ]% O †Ê L —1#
‰ $D;: 0E $ – 0gM 4  $ O ])8 O •^8
(4+) ]J7 R —1# ]J7 L  (+d' Ž
+d' ŽA ‰ *0) "%) 28 = v@ 0+ R
› +d' ";c Lˆ ‰ $J1# ]J7 2/=
1) ¡01  ($<% ^ "w e/ ¾^8'
 $ – ‘x 2% +W ($% $ Ê —1#
1) jD 4 +W  A ($d+) 0E +d= 1!  O L)
($I% `D7 % Z!  †) •KEm —1#
jD 4 \ = ‰ 0'  •KEp 9:; * md
jD 4 \  •KEp 9:; 4 `Jf  ($% ";cF
.$ Ê ";cF
`) :Behavioral component 3A%  O 1) .3
8 z% ¨ 4 k1 $% $D;: 50E $)g +< À%

.<4& $ <7 ;  9 8*  " %& /(  37 1


www.benaa-undp.org
49
ŽO lM ;) O 1!O 4 $D;: 50E $O R#+= Z! (5H
o+ < +d' "A%d (+d' À% D   ˆ
.5H 4 \œ;c `)= ŽO /.D
:$  +rD) LA O ”)  1% $D;: 50E  =
(œ@ ( % O ;0)8 O 3¢+ ;60 ($1% 3¢+ \F
(œ1m œf D (91/= k=  )8 ( d \H SQJ
R a $1m 4 ;0 (œb“M ( W+=  Ä0= ( 
$ "Fa 4 $1 $! 2% œ ?1
$dwM ) "b+ 5m' "D 4 .$E @F $ #F
~ !F LA $& S ;F (J N/! S+ ! „%) =
.¥M ...L 01 $P%O 0 J (-0+H
Žƒ 1% O $' 50r 1(2002) D=V +%=A *+)
3; (A'  ~D  %  ‰ ".JF O "1/ ) L –
"f D 2/ < $1 Ã0  d+I7  L =
...$ #F +rD)  ;V 50  "E^ $DE
]J# `)= O $' 50E 1 F 5+W $Dg $¢ lM r%
.$ 56 $ :# $.  $@1E "x = $//!
$)  $.)  JO z% ^s S LK L=
$rm (vJ+ J —+  O 117 S LK $+E
= 4 \ = ‰ "D/ \;O (3 #F Lr  R@
2% œ01@ (R ;0 J ] (~D 1D $D;: 50E
 $ – $) "@) -=  A .Wƒ  †./ F
Kotler, Philip and Armstrong, Gary (2004). Principles of 1
Marketing Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
50
0 7 E=F *1 = ‰ ($ $E=F zK‹
$) "@) +d= 1E :q .k1 $D;: 50E =
$D< $d/ ")< $@M (+8 E=F *+‹ "O
z‹= ‘:A ($) a $ "0 NgM ($E @F
LK z% ¨ 4 0+˜ <PE R $ "@)
s $ \ = $D;: 50E M 3@1 1O / .S
:13%
F ".J +– $D;: 50E A ‘x L%) ($@1 S1 1
+d' O  F (3w 3 % ~O 2% 50+e ÎE=
O ¾^8'  $%8 5+d = lM f% 5
S1)  % %E $r/D "%) m  " QD
1)= $D;: 50E O  A .$% "%) R 2% \œ01@
.$J1# + zg) 2% §= V (R@% .=
0E ”) +  . 1@ (I  $/ "% L 2
.3//H R@ I= \V0 / O "D $D;:
2% $D;: 50E S/= :$+< N+< L;c \ )  3
O $ $/+. w+ < +d'd ‘: +QJ (kd  \ ) 
50r k% „.D= 50E [w $ 7 +dO  +d LA
.$+d N+d "d m # \V0 (LA $ 7
= lM $D;: 50E -= :6P  À0 lM -= 4
]J7 bu= ŽO ‘x ($w V 56P  "A0M
.$% O h+m' ]J7 ’/= (R@  $ Ê

..* = 1
51
À% D  4 $D;: 50E \ = :L/  D  5
"b' e/ z@ 9c 0 f% $%/  "d+E 
.$<% ^
 .^ $D;: 50E \ = : 6 1! 3.U 6
$D;: 90E kD= 4 z/ F +<d ( 6 1H
.1¿ b O $D) 1! 1D
L@' 2% O ($D;: 50E% "<E 9:; M / Œ
$  M xM ."$Dg $ " R * mF C/J 3; ( e)
2% 1D = 3; L (RK@ z6= ".JF 2% §= F $Dg
6A+  -O ($  $g kA0M +d™ Œ -: R@ „K/!
3//H k# bu= `)= ‰ $//H $1 "JM 2%
)dO m  §=  2006 vŽO ]!  $' $¢ ' .1%%
‰ "0+/ ($Dg " LA L = ‰ k=A% 1%
X1!' $.=+ $H "0  "/  01E=
.¥M ...$w+ $d/ $E @F $

"    "   


$@+<  = 1@ ‰ ($) $% 1  # *È
($D;: 50E = *m 2% ($  V O 51 
V $w $=x L u ($I ".JF L = ‰
L!+s +ˆ "\=" $%  u §= "$Dg $ " ¤d ($/D 
 A (’%p O 6</ O bf   d B  F ($ A+  $/! 
(+dD  O ”@D   d B  F $/d  $%  L!+ ŽO
:3; L!+ 9:;
52
.jD  M 1D  ‰ 51/ L= $O L +d= 1
:3; L) 9:;
$ O "01 1A= :       :
($1 4 S+G ~O0 „= 2% R/= "$' \=" $%  4 l'
n  ' 0 ($1 4 ' 0+/ ]!r  O ]Ê
%) $ 50 +d = _  ."$Dg \ " $f=+ 
?   $17 S1 3m+ % $w+ 2/= "\ " $%  ¤d
$ 50 +d= ¤d L / 4 .5+ L!+ 4 0ŽF
†™ L!+ $/  l' $%!+ 4 $P% 50+w $
:$ 
 ‘x k<e  5117 $f=+ F n= 4 $17 b+ M 
$f=+ F „.= "%. s D) *+g' R CeJ
.œ#+^s S6 F
n= m  $f=+ F 2% 3@mO -D) 1) j<wM 
.G 3 0+/ ]!r
. d1;O $f=+ F $@1E 66)= 
.$f=+ F jD $% ) $0+ F d= 
) $f=+ F :<D  ? 3%G -0 j.I d= 
 ‘x ]%.   ((¥M ...zK‹$0M LA; „%m L@
."J6 1r0
:; 4 :"#  "$%&  ' (  )*   !  : 
:$O 0O $WW  1Aƒ  2% L ) $H 2% ]Ê N
*+E = $H " 56 #' R O  1Aƒ  1
.3/.D „d  \fD L
53
‡ +   4 +W  $' \= $%  O 2
.N<J j+% \ )d1= % 
2% +W= $' +dO 2% `)D  $' \= $%  O 3
.\ A%
$JJ/ $& $&œ 2% $)+  $.% L )=  J# 
L = ‰ BK% $ QJ' J/  ($D $)+ 
(0  F Rf= J@  L@  ($Dg $  jD $% 
."Fa z% ¨ 4 ;V ...$) "+H
(,- ./) 1-./ - !2  "3  4 : 
:3; XW •KEm 2% $Y+ S/= :, # 
.$/ #™ †%. L/  $Y+ S1/= O ]Ê 1
$dD  ) h1 bf = $1 = O ]Ê 2
.$H
.R a +d' $ 7 $Y+ R „ . = O ]Ê 3
F :., 5 67, 7 8 9; < #/ = 94 : 
¡  L (’/d ; # $H 2% $' \= +E /
$%  -' Œ F .+d' *+g' R  # +de 
*+gO +dO LA "JM  # +de=  BfD= O \=
F O ( ¢0 V ¢0 F   d s $'
( J1 j.D ($D  " a L@  (  #
†6!' (  ($H V O $%;' " QD
( ' #0 ($ " ( <PE ($
#0 ")7 ŒA' (R0 €E †PrO
.1
54
? .8 % / .@ & ,AB  CD  6/ EF :, >
"0 `ƒ= :; L  :"&H6  9 " I"672 98
-+ 0 ]01= = ($0+e $H "&G
NgM 2% —1 R a (¾p [./ 51 (Sb
.$EE^  L ) " À  $D "0
!2 .  M."  &H 862 5BJ KBHL : 
:2% $  " L = :"&H6  9 "
...œJ ;) O "$Dg $ " = $%  ‡+8 :O
(+d $ L $Dg $ 2% 1Aƒ  (¥M
$' " „/P  ‰ 51K< $P%E b+ M
.;+dO
1#= z= ( .$./ LK+ S  0' Rb= :†
z= ($1 ")< o0) $ # 2% "
X0 R@ 4 —1 R a " CJ 1#=
„gD 4 S T<! "@ 4 Ç7 $A0 ($JJ
LA 50<  50 $ LA = :; ([+E
.f  < $Js g
R :(.8 (O ) P   ()) P   N @ : 
$= " m  $! <  D L<  "D@ 2% ¼<H
."$' $¢" = $%  ) O ‡+ $%m
:.@6  5 56.&Q R MS62 T#&2 : &, 
S ($) "@) ($) $% 1 ‘x L 
-O+% Dg % $./ $K+ LK+ L/J („ 
.3#0p S)
55
"    "    
0 L;f = "H  [J ÀD;" :vŽO Œ /
4 $A0 X+ = F ‰ "H ŽM ("$Dg $ " Wƒ=
‰ $DI ¾+<  5< F 4 $V0  1 ` (?1 R a
.1" Dg  d/W ;E @F 3#0p _) ;+d
5M" $I M "$Dg $¢"   1 2)= $
$@+  0O  2% „.D :; 2"$Dg "G L=
66)=" O („  ½d {F  v%/  ‰ 1
1DG L $&8D 1 2% „.D :; (3% $dD  "01/
4 $ $E @F €E 66)= "O ($ D7 0A Lbu
"F L hu 1 ‘x  (4"¡0p Lm1
50r 66)= O { O I=" O (J+d (J.+  (51P 
$¢" = $%  „/{ V ./+dO †D# ‘x  (5"$'
:L@  1% $; ŸK J "$Dg
Anholt, Simon (2007). Competitive identity: The new brand 1
management for nations, cities, and regions. New York, NY:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Olins, W. (1999). Corporate identity: Making business strategy 2
visible through design, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
Anholt, Simon (2007). Competitive identity: The new brand 3
management for nations, cities, and regions. New York, NY:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Lee, KM. (2009). “Nation branding and sustainable 3
competitiveness of nations”, PhD thesis, University of Twente,
available at http://doc.utwente.nl/60754/1/thesis_K_M_Lee.pdf
Szondi, G. (2007). ‘The Role and Challenges of Country 4
Branding in Transition Countries: the Central and Eastern Europe
experience’ Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3(1): 8-20.
Gudjonsson, H. (2005). “Nation branding”, Place Branding, 1:3, 5
283-298.
56
‡0 $ D= (+d' h1 j JF $/= ($Dg ‡+ 66)= 
$ 7 \!= -/= -+) O 3 §)  .1w) 
.$%m1
$f=+ F "0p  $@ $6£ $H 1 O 16= 
$1 *1;O R ]D  s $1 À% 1{ ‰
. Y0
’.U 0gM 4 4/W 3 # 3 -E @ ;  Ÿ 
0 "J LA z‹= §)s ($Dg $f=+ F
."$Dg $ " $1p
" #% Ÿ+  m  1% 9c $! Rf= 
.$ x7 $! "+
."0E 66)= 
.$D#' "0  F †:# 
\H SQJ b+ M m  3#0p 3 Wƒ  66)= 
' T<! 4 $ J N/! S+ ! 3g+/Œ1
. ) S
.$% $. D $D;: 50E I= 
$ " = $Vr 4  % 6A+  \  ‰ +rD) O
:13 d "$Dg
$<E R = ‰ 57 $ $0f  "f D +1E= 
."$) "A0"

Fan, Y. (No date). Branding the nation: towards a better 1


understanding. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/3496/1/
NB%20Towards%20a%20better%20understanding.pdf
57
R@ $& ‚D (L 56  $<% ^  J# $! 
.$! § „d+ $).
.$w+ X+  $d/ 
501E "1p "f D :5+fG -0  F ‚D 
($D#' "A+% S1/= ‰ "b F "1p (¡0^%
$#0 ($E @F "+ $E @F "./ [D=
$@ 5+fG $rp J/ .-E @F ‡ <JF
.5
$ ' $D< $d/ ($# +J' "J :]) 
$de ((3%˜ S).) $K:I ($0%< ($) a
0Wž (Ã0   ed ‘x lM  .$  H 5
.$ #F $Ä0 
3g+/Œ1 O 18+ \H) $#0p $%m1 $ 
.($ Ê $1 "@)
9:;  1! L 1 z‹= O   $#0 "< =
b+ M 2% $! "+ 4 $DI 1 6A+= xM (+rD)
‚D "x 1 6A+= ! 4 ("3! †:7 +rD"
"j<A "-0  F †:7 "O" 2% †x7 -0  F
.:; ...' L/J ‘%  „! $+e

    


L ¡  "$Dg $¢"   3% ) „.  A xM
LK0 ("0)8 $&; 4  Vr ( <= $/  +rD)
 \;' ¤d . /%  L@  $ < ($+E  $)¢ $  )
58
\=" $%  ƒ $D) $A0 *+g' R À0M ; ‘x
$)#+ \/= j+#M $)   ]%. = 5+  $% " 3; "$'
Ç) 2% 50@ "$ " 9:;   (5+  $.J 50M ($0
+E /= O ]Ê F ."3#0p _) 4 3/%  0 7 ;xO 4
4 51¿ $+E  $)¢ LK0 i1/= ("0)8 jD 2% $% )
" H"  J BE $H 9:; 4 +' ' ( O 6
.1"$' \=" $%   ˆ z% U ‰ $K1 O "$Ê+ 
LA +de = O $ ! 50+e „%)  (SG +mž ]J7
4 "$# +J' "J" lM "3). ‚D"  ($' "J
+dO R $A0 50+e 31  :; ."$' \=" $% 
LK+ O -O ("$Dg $ " = $%  4 œJ $'
$' "J „d1 = †D= O ]Ê 0' "f=+ F
50) .„d  L  (6  L  (/dO   ;+dO
$PA ˆ "$' $¢" jD $%  R L)  \  O 3ID h+mO
$' "J R C+Å ($ $&)=) 31 = (†+!) $KD 
$&œ (z ]01= ($%8 $&)   em 1) ("$ 7" 4
5@ v{ ($ D 5/ "$P%O" +rD R 7 $/D $%8
. //{ $ ! *1;' ŒM $Y0 $!r

Fan, Y. (No date). Branding the nation: towards a better 1


understanding. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/3496/1/NB
%20Towards%20a%20better%20understanding.pdf
59
   " " 

(() + \%A 11437)  ! bf = F 5Ir $ (+.@


(($ J % 1.7) †0/  lM Ž 1 Lr ! 4
~0 -+./ jE! b # ;+#O "+1/= X1!O ]!
4 $ +) 5+67 k8 N+8 4 +©.©@ R/= .12011  2010
$+ 1! G .3 +) Ÿ%p 2% $%.  †+V †D#
R $+£ 1! ($) $ +) $%  R †D7  $A+ 
g R  .+P $%  (51P  $ +) "0 $
O ?1 1/D N1Dr 01@ Z! (_) 4 m1 2%ƒ -+./
*F 110 lM 2011 S) $Ž 4 -+./ +< Lm 1) LE
.22010 S) 4 0F zO 76 ?! % O 1) (D 0F
(+/= +  %A 160 +.@ 5+6# k g 2E@O LE
 LE ’m 4) (+/= + %A 80 G o+ 2E@O LE  A
Ðg 1 ˆ .(3 +I L! 3@+ L! zE D
$rm (+.@ 5+6# k 3@+ L! g 2% $%+ 
.< >&3, )*http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/index.htm 1
http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/Local_News/Misc/Pages/QatarPop
ulationJumpsto1,700,000byEndofMay.aspx
http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/qatar/150462-imf-qatars-per- 2
capita-income-to-hit-109900.htm
http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zp&p=/story.cfm/sidZAW
YA20110428035659/IMF_Qatars_Per_Capita_Income_To_Hit_1
09900?cc
61
 11) +.@ `0e= 6 = .1) 11) 0m ‰/.D 4
2% 5+ D f%p 0m' 5+A  D ($d+I7 +;Q
]%I ‰ "e<^D o!' 5+;‹ lM $dw (Ðg
 (o+ \  % „%. ’   „gD 4 ;#
3w0' 1)= Z! (3 % $JP 51# „gD  O
 d += ‰ R@ ]EmO   4 2. $ 
.$%!@ $%0 j+Pr $@+ $ D7 „gD 1)= .$). "=D
?H ' (1971 u  3 4 G/  2% +.@ v%E!
 \AH ; 1952 S  (—W  $<%m  1 Ã
J 27 4 $.% l= 1@ . v ! ‰ 5+' L%= 4
2% 51)r' R 4 "!r  11# 1  K1  (1995
.$E @F $  O0
—W  u#  \#  1 à  2007 S) 4
-O S+ 2% jD L8 -: j0b `%– .j0b% K0
R 2% ' NE  d ( 4 %) $:<D  $.% ;
35  zƒ  h0% `%– eO % .")+  J/
$E @F $0 $  ZP S/ Z! (e
S 5+ O h0 `%– L8 1@ .j0b `%– kM  % ‰
.1972
($) $ D \A˜ ;+8=  +< $Ke/ $.%
4 .$= $/  L ) je/% 2%O `%– je/ 0O \QD
$01 kM 1  2%O 0b %– ' L8 (1999 S) $Ž
jw 4 L/  4 % 3DE -E @F  D ’.U
.$) " # 
62
 !
"1K zEJ  +AO 3). bI ’<D "0r L=
4 .J 0.= ¾p [./ Ë Lf ($+./ $H
Ÿ=D% ?  D ?1 1/D N1Dr 01@ .5m' "D
$D 9:; LE= O R@= (2010 S) 4 %16  -+./ 3%˜
Lf= O ?1 1/D N1Dr R@=  A .2011 S) 4 %20 lM
+  O (0F 0% 16.4 ?£ eKd $+./ $) $J6
$J6 4 ”K< $+./ $H +  = .2015 S) Ì! :;
„<D= ŽO  A ($%/ #™ g ! $#0m "0   4 $1
$ P  $D R0 +.= 4 bI ’<D "1K  ; j6#
.\%)  $PE  ".@
0% 25.4 lM LE= 51A $.<J "g ! +.@ ‘% ˆ
01/ 3). bI  3 3g ! ZW +.@ ‘% ˆ (L+
$ D7 0A   1)= .]) S1@ %+= 896 
v)d0 1@ .-+./ ’<D% 50  1 $1/ 4 50dID
4 D g  4.5   bI  $# J  @g +.@
01E ž 1)= (2009 S) 4 g % 43 lM 2002 S)
16 +.@ 6fD  2011 S) $Ž 4 ._) 4  bI% '
1! 4 D g % 78 lM  # JM Rd+  bI R0 
.2012 S)
Lr = Z! ($@ V $E @ 5+<g +.@ $ Ç)=
+.= (Lm1 0E RD $/%)  œ :<D  $1  #
;0  $% 5< F (E @ $ P  $D
(" A+  bI ’<D 2% 1 )= ‰ $J +A01G
63
(E @F ++{ lM $dw $@ ) bI R0 „= $ D=
L = lM $+ J/ 01rM (¾p [./ 0 L)<=
.$D#' "0  F †:# 0  F "j+#M ’=

# $  


R a + ‹O g ‰ 5IE 1 ‘%=  51! 3; +.@
1 9:; z)w)  <)w jbM /%@ k= QD k=&; ?1
R#+ "0 4 vdF L „%/ :; +e! 1@ ((5IE
‘%= 4 "6A0 ‰ ("D) "D  4 $1 "@)
1 501@ 2% \fH +Ir  w+< ‰ / 2% $D6 $/H
‡“ O \V0 .$1 $E @F $ "Fa 4 $dD 
$%d! "f „/{ ( D 4 5IE 1 9:;  
5+ d 4 " ‰ *^ $#0  L%@ 1@ ("b“
*^ % _ :; ¤d (3w +/  "D) "D 
”)  #= ‰ +g^ LA ] $ K@ 6= F ‰
L $1 " QD  11) Rd  ; .15IE 1
1¤ ZP 6A+ !  1 z%= lM 51P  \'
v%  V .5IE 1 k#= ‰ LA  "0
:L "0 " %A  DD 4 X£' "01 :;
5IE 1 ! zr  .2"+.m 4 IE (z)e (LA
Peterson, J.E. (2006). Qatar and the world: branding for a micro- 1
state. Middle East journal, volume 60, no. 4, autumn.
Easterly, William, and Kraay, Aart (1999). Small States, Small 2
Problems? Income, Growth, and Volatility in Small States.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEC/Resources/SmallStatesS
mallProblems.pdf
64
LA  11) "01 9:; "b+ O .+g¨  k #= 
($#0p CIe% $w+ +AO ŽA 5IE 1  #= ‰
h/ o+<= O n)  ; .’Ie v{ bD = O B#+ 
$KDW "@) ‚w+ G 50a 5IE 1 2% $ %@
 :; .$&d  V (...$E @  $+  $DO  $)
1! 2% ?1 R f % (5IE 1% $D' *^  16
.d 5IE 1 z@ " 50+e \£ (D;  .1j
n= 5IE 1 2% vw+d $H 9:; O 2(+  ) h+
:L@  j/ L#O  $rp "f=+ F ”)
.07 ! $f=+  :FO
.$1 $ %@ "<P  $f=+  :JW
 51+d $J jD ‘x $Dg $¢ = $f=+  :W
O ($/.D (7  D 1<  R% O "1m i1/= u ( J
$J $#01 4 ($+ b6) (' S/ 4 :; ' ._)
.$1 51Kd $ @ +m¦ + Q
$1 ’˜ 37 \%@ 91 8  ¤d (S L 
+.@ $ *¨ b6 ($w /) $%g $ X1!O  +.@
:R $rm  /%@
 ‘x k%  1990 S) 4 v% N+)  ! O
„%/ 01E (Ÿ%p $/.D 4 5IE 1% „%@ L
4 dD  =/ 37  )@s L  A +./
Peterson, J.E. (2006). Qatar and the world: branding for a micro- 1
state. Middle East journal, volume 60, no. 4, autumn.
Peterson, J.E. (2006). Qatar and the world: branding for a micro- 2
state. Middle East journal, volume 60, no. 4, autumn.
65
 @ $JM n)  ; (+M $)  Ÿ%p
R.  .$/.D 4 $ d+I7 2% `dD % $Pw
+eP = (v% 3@+)  !F 1 = 3; +.@ vJA
"D) R%. 4 $=0 06f% —+  !F $!
 D -1H [6D  L. Ã0  (3w +/ 
$%%@ "D L@ FM "9YŽM" \  _ -: $) 
\+= $@<=F 1% R@= R (2008  6 4 11{
35 › +  -1! [6J 1) ($KŽ 50E 1H
.1992 S) 4 B% À 8F 1Š ! lM Lr (
J 27 4  \! v= ‰ $+./ 5/ 0)8 †
!+= F +E $)A $K0 $ %@M F ƒ (1995
„%@ 01E SQD :; 0  (+.@ 4 "117 SQD" 
[6J  9=  -+E -) z@ :; . G
„  $M "<AD $ "6J Ñ (-1!
$/.D  h1!M S/= O "F !  $+./ *^
("0 1w +M O v 1w N+) v%)d  Ls
4 $%d *+gO  j.I 5IE œ0# "\ %=" ?  
.$/.D
$1 +d= ‰ "f=+ F Rw $ H v#  D; 
\ < 1@ .15H 1@ 2%  K/  œ 66)  51# $r+d +.@
UL V-.F" W.   $Dg $Y+  2008 S) 4 +.@ M
Z.OY [8  Q ,-O ,   UL 2030 )   6X (Q "6Y

Peterson, J.E. (2006). Qatar and the world: branding for a micro- 1
state. Middle East journal, volume 60, no. 4, autumn.
66
B\ ]D# ^7  _  9  ',`2 [8 ,- / 9& 
51# $r+d +d= ‰ "f=+ F 9:; 0gM 4  "\ -
.$/.D 4 +.@ $ k)%= -: 01 66) 

2030      %


]#s 2030 +.@ $1 $Dg $Y+ 2% $@E vˆ
*1;' \;O 1!O Lˆ .2008 $D (44) \@0 -' 0+/
+.@  D S) 0g Rw 4 $Dg $ D  $f=+ F $K+
2% -+EH 9   1H ;E @ RD= 2% G/ J $A
4 +.@ *1;O LE<  $Y+ v¢0 1@ .bI ’<D 3.@
:?  L 2% "   Ì8
(3 h  "x = Z£ ($ P  $D% +  +.  
$/.D  +   06% $%e< $ # +.@ j/  e=
.k%A _)
4 $PE $+ "1m $J { 3 %)  SQD 66)= 
R 7 D  4  %)# (
 ¾+< $!=M lM ( +./ R 7 +;6 Ç ’Ë d= 
$ "J -x O (jDA ( M $#! +AO \;
Ld 0 jO  \ Dˆ S6%  : † O (51˜
[./ $H \œ \ ! \ (\;1% 4
.¾p
d= m  ( 4 L ) 5@ 4 +./ $A0 66)= 
EH  E @ 4 $ % Dg % ¾+< "'
.$6– zK‹ 2%
67
B  R . Rf= $ 7 (  $+./ $d/ r 
$1) 4 $%  $ \/ kD= (-+./ R f %
") \ lM $dwM (p L  3 #F e 
$Dg $ D  $f=+   = ‰ $' .$W0  1/ 
R . r 2% eO ]PD= ($+./ $d/ 2% ¼<P%
.-1%/  -+./ Ç) ’Ë (-+./ -0 )
 1 à ($#0p +b (-+./ j0b `K0 /
$Dg $f=+ F ! 51J SO ;/O $ %A 4 —W  \#
M" .2008 +  AO 29 28 3 $!1 4 "1/ (+.@ $1
($1 ;/= ;6<{ ($ $ $Dg $Y+ „/{
...\%) +< #0 —1 R a ¾p [./  d À0
$Dg $f=+ F $VE 6 % "  $dA 2% ) DJM
.1";:<D 
9:;" O - D  ’.^ % $) $J' R@ Bw
$%/  $H #' "#! b= $f=+ F
1/  2% ¼<H lM k<J v@ 4 2)= ($ D  "6% 
1/  9:; $0 lM (S 9V  J1% 6ˆ ‰ •KEp
.";66)= •KEp
+.@ h  2% —)= 1 É "0¶g v)w ŽO \;'
L)#  ( )w 4 $dA -+./ R a "&d vA08 xM ( %A
¬ v)w ŽO -O ("+.@ 4 v)Dr...+./ $f=+ " L)<  D
$Dg $ D  $f=+  "1O 1@ ..+.@ ]) (+.@ jD O L¬@

'9 ? "<      " .( /  8'   1
.  ,
68
R a BK+8 LA R N.J 2%  d À0= ($0= $ „d
.\ !O \œ! g +./ R ")%.=  5u)  
$Y+ „/P  ‰ 5' 3; $Dg $ D  $f=+  M
B  ( +./% $ 5! h  +d  ŽM xM (+./ ‡ .
\œ01@ LA 0 ‹M ( 8 SO jJ SO F#0 JAO j () \G
)  $Dg $ D  $f=+  M .\œ)%.= \œ! g „/{
2% $ \œ! 4 Ž % ( +./ R 2% $%  1K<
"A+% ;66)= $E @F $& {  ($dA " 
(\%)% LedO ¾+d d= lM (L  ¾+d  ! +  
."$%d 5<A $! "1m ($%8 $Pr $0
1% 2) ‰ ŸK D +.@ $1 $Dg $Y+ "1! 1@
1
:6KA0 R 0O m  (L. h1 2%  //P 
jD  D  +.@ $  $ D= +.= :$+ $ D  •
.+;6 R –
2% 1D     R – +.= :$ #F $ D  •
L)  2% 0@ $ #F $+ 51 H Nm'
$A+ 4 S; 0 ]) h+m' ") a R L< 
.$ D  L#O  $)
0@ 3dD= [D  ng E @ +.= :$E @F $ D  •
L/  4 +wH v@ 4 +.@ ng "# ! $%= 2%
.R<=+ 3) h  ƒ=

http://www.gsdp.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/GSDP_Vision_Root/ 1
GSDP_EN/GSDP_News/GSDP%20News%20Files/ARABIC%20
Sheikh%20Hamad%20bin%20Jasim%20Speech%20Final.pdf
69
 „D  SfJF  e s $& 50M :$& $ D  •
.$& $ $ #F $E @F $ D 

         %  &' 


= $%  „.= $<A ! /  9D1@  lM 5)
$/.D 4 0J #xË Lˆ $+./ $H O T!J "$Dg $ "
"$' \=" $+QD (4+H L (3% ) „.  Z!  $ +)
vJA 1/d ($#x D \  $%  *+‹ C+8 Ò
2% $@E %) 50 "01r 1D (2008 S) 4 $1
$Y+ $ 50 $Y+ 9:; v+= 1@ ."2030 +.@ $Y0"
$Vr › $= 5.m 4 .$+./ $ 5/% ($f=+ F
*+g' LA j1  $+./ $H v+8 $Y+ 9:;
" – v%8 —1 R a ¾p [./ ")d $H
:?  4    "1! L 
e/ ..$Dg +.@ $f=+  :U 9  869a
."1P 
..$Dg "f=+ F $Vr :   9  869a
~01 "0  LedO ("01/ jD  $D) *+g' $A0
.$1 †0f   5< 
2% 51D  $Dg "f=+ F :   9  869a
"0  LedO (\/  $)   *1;' 11{ ..ŸK D
.$1 †0f    %)= Œ ‰ ~01
01 0gM - D  ’.^ % $) $J' "1 " Ñ
)  2% S/ ($Dg $ D  $f=+  Rw E<
70
" 7 9:; 0dO R B   ($D) " 7 R „D 
"1/ (%  .$f=+ F "r=  w  #0M œ!+ @
(R a ".@ z% ¨  d vA08 $0 L  Æ0 " #
$ D  $f=+  ƒ8 4 œ!+ @  K0  ;+QJ " # ‡+.
"D@ $y vJA (k<J v@ 4 .krE m 4  D LA ($Dg
$J' %d +  r= 0! v!=O $D  h+mO
" 7 LA (+.@ 4 / Dg - D  ’.^ % $)
.$D)
Ã0=  "D XW †0/  1) ($+./ $P% +QD 
(LE< L%P   ("2030 +.@  $Dg $Y+" 2% $@E
($+./ "$Dg $ " jD $% ) $+QD 1/ 8+ F
/dO $% ) $Ó  e v<‹ ‰ "' +rD) $)g
v%m1= ‰ "' +rD) 1D *@ Œ ( 
$¢" jD $#xË $%  4 „d  L  „J 4 v =
.$1  56  $+.@ "$Dg

71
  !#

4 5IE 1  <‹= ‰ "f=+ F  J ÀD;


($1 $! 4 1ƒ   16 ] $% !'  A
 f=+ F =; „d = .1"$Dg $ " $) $% 1
("$Dg  ¢" n= $'d (•E^  2%  D  ŽM Z! 
5Ir $ $! 4 ._)% $  9:; L { $) $% 1
"$Dg $ " œD@ $) $% 1 z‹= (+.@ L
$! 4 1#  „/P  :FO ($f=+  ´"O ;+rD
.2"$d $QD" jJM :JW ($1
$) $% 1 h  2% +.@ k1/= -: ¡x D
"’ 0" n= 4 L  3) R a 4 "\D" CD u
] k%{ 01 :; 0y n# Ñ ($ %@ "+E 4
.3" +.wF LdH \%@ 4 ;0 b6)= $% 
$! 2% $!1 0 b+ (. ;0 m 
4+I7  f! N<= $! $% 1 ; 7 "  ($1
Henrikson, Alan (2005). “Niche Diplomacy in the World Public 1
Arena: The Global ‘Corners’ of Canada and Norway”, p. 1, In J.
Melissen (Ed.), The New Public Diplomacy, New York: Palgrave.
Paul. Rockower, (2008). Qatar’s Public Diplomacy 2
http://mysite.verizon.net/SJRockower/PSR/QatarPDv4.pdf
Cooper, Andrew F. and Momani, Bessma (2010). Qatar and 3
expanded contours of Small State Diplomacy. See also: Peterson,
J.E. (2006). “Qatar and the World: Branding for a Micro-State”,
Middle East Journal, vol. 60, no. 4.
73
1D D 4 ’ 0 4 +.@ vP“ :; . Dg 1
v.J .$ +) $)7 J+d +E $) v%d
0 +.@ "O= Z! ($D.%< $! 4 $+./ $% 1
b+ ' -+./ 0eH A  A .$D.%< LKE< ’
(E 4 $.% 2% [+E ( 4 0d0 [6J 4
$% 1% A  A (  4 $.% WH [+E
2% [+E 4 +m (3/+d' +/ 4 ~ % 0 $+./
. 4 $+ $.%
9:; L! 4 4+) M 0 A1 ]! -+./ 01 „%.D
:13; 01 :G $G 5/ 3<e= $O 6KA0 m  "b'
2% '  R 56  $! "@) +.@ R = 
.?1 3 %@ 3 +) 3%˜ h 
+AO ! -+./ E @F 1) Z! ($E @F 5/ 
 D  A ($/.D 4 ¡xË LedO ! <J $ +) "E @F
1 §VO  51! BE= O  k //! -: R+  D
._) 4
4 $ Ê +.@ 50r + /= :5+67 $8  3 uD 
xM (-+ 3 +) S [+ „/P (†+) ;xO
jJ' "FA "D/ 0m' 01E 5+67 5D@ vPrO
.$D#' zPE
1 L! 2%  4 +.@ vP“ (¡x D :G  f D 
N+ 4 + D= ‰ $1 $ %@ [1E C.m g 2%

http://www.champress.net/index.php?q=ar/Article/view/74281 1
./   A . :$ .. '    @&  ..(
74
LKE< R R $Jb  $d 2% vQd! N+) 3<d (’'
! 4 (0 +M R "@ 2% +.@ vQd! (h/
$+) 1/ hu <e 1%  51P  "F% <%! v%‹
~ R 5A "r 2% vQd! ‘:A .$/.D 4 $+'
.LK+M R $K; "@ 2% vQd! ! 4 (Ô †6!
‰ *^ "Q<P  LA R +M R "@ 2% vQd!
" [ g' ! 3f%p )  `%–  $/  1=
.1$/.D 4 $J+
3+' < S1@ (9:; $+./ $ <  $¿ 4
1/ O" :kd @ <= (2009 J 4 (0 *b# $!1 4
_) 4 3#1' z. ’ 4 $! L { +.@ O
:; 3F R † O 2% ¼<H ‘x  *1G (3
+O :; ( Y0 :<D  0 ‘%ˆ +.@ M . O $! < z.
2% ¼<P% +.@ $f=+  ¤d (!' LA 4 .X1H 0J
$ %@ h/ R œ@ 51P  "F R  @ 4 b 
lM - 1@ :; (+ = O B#+  ($) +M L
($G e/ ”) 9c $e@D  R@ 4 .D8 $!1 Rw
.2" D „W )  \V0
George Abraham, ‘Qatar is Diplomatic Heavy-Hitter’, Al 1
Jazeera.net, 21 July 2008. <http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/
2008/07/200872164735567644.html> [accessed on 2 October
2009).
Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations. Christopher M. Blanchard 2
Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs. May 16, 2011. Congressional
Research Service. Report Prepared for Members and Committees
of Congress. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL31718.pdf
75
$% " bI ’<D "+ $DI +.@ v1^ 
Rd+ eO  (x<D  e ’/d ` ($% ""1
1@ ."6D 4  g 66)= ($) $% 1  J
]A L = 4 $) $% 1% 5O "1 9:; v1^ 
(‘x 2% 511 $%O ÀD; .SEp z@ %= (j@1r'
56V [./ +.@  1@ ‰ $D) $ "1 L@ 
5   1@ ‰ "1 (2008 †+! †/O 4 +r˜
4 D †D# 2% 3%K+ 1) ;+ ‰ h+/ 0 M
$ #% $E @F $JJ "1 (2006 S) zr
ÀD; .2011 S) 4  4 ?/ JF ng `%f %  1@ ‰
L@  $) $% 1  # 0gM 4 +.@  <‹ h+mO "O
"+ˆ $de  ($ %@ "&G R "A+8 4 m1
50f  $ QD $!1 $# $de  L ($G X1!' $1
.2003 S) 4 3 +ˆ $ QD $ @ (2001 S) 4 $)
1 )=" / $+./ $% 1 4+) M 0 A1 zE
O =6A0 2% "b' R  g)= 4 $+./ $% 1
; ($1 "@) 4 f=+  f D '$)@ '$J/)' :
$ *+g' z% ¨  51! $d 2% = O +./ B 
+.@ R. = Ñ  ( /W 2% LE{ ?   ($1 $ %@
]+/= 51 H 3 : 4 56  $@) 9:; +  = O
.0+/ F S $1m "b' L! „/ s +QD " #
b  †+/ $ +.@ § = ?1 3% 1 h  2%
$1 ") f  h/   †+I 51P  "F R
+.@ $Pd (/+dO $D= +O O  4 j h+m'
76
v@ 4 $%d $%  $#0m $  9D =  d 1+=
_) 4  <J ‡+.= O (  + /J 1  -: ?H
-: Bw 1˜ ’ *+. 50E 3 %@ 3 +)
.1"$ $ A+   -+./ ZP  ed (R 7 k+ 
¾+H +QD ($+./ $) $% 1 0 \ d Œ
.  ƒ 3#0p 3 5b ;x<J 5+K R= 2% +.@
 „%.D= $+./ $) $% 1 M / Œ  
:2$  v 
 4 Lm1  S1 ($1 5 N/£ S6 F 
.0˜ $ ]Dc h+m' 1% $%m1
"0.  "1f  $A ($1 $+ 1/ S6 F 
. ) z  O $)
4 S  ")= L/= R ($)@ $% 1) $<%d n= 
."bD ”d 4 5/ lM S !F ”d0 S „/{
:Žƒ $+./ $% 1 \ =
L) ;I $/  z@ :^ =  %)Ê  $&+# $@  
.($0 $% $+E $J  "0  z@
.;1  O  gJ  1{ $#1O $)#+s ’=+= F 
.xP  2)= F 
2% -.D= F ("$ D 5/" ]O "O 2% 1 )= 
.x<D ’ "1D#O O [ gO O 11œ
http://www.champress.net/index.php?q=ar/Article/view/74281 1
.. '    @&  ..( /   A
.   * % .( 2
77
$ F [D@ "O z‹= "$ D 5/"  1E/
($1 "@) 50M 4 ];+  ’Ie ]O  ) F
$ %)  $d/ ) ' z‹= ($) $% 1 "O
50M 4 $01 BD $E @F "J) z‹= O $1 
.$#0p "@)
]D ‡.r 3; +r)   <s $D% O $ D 5/
1 (3+' ng "0^ F `%– `K0 (-J zb7
(+d0; $)# 4 +w˜ ( D%A L 50M 1  4 [d1 +b
„+g  1+=  2% EH" Žƒ $ D 5/ *+) -:
*+ 1990 S) 4 ."' Rd O SV0  F1 $ x7
;+;# 4 $ D 5/" k/ R L $ D 5/ -J
($) œ0m k#= (h+mO \O 4 Wƒ  2% $D) $O 501@
 @ $QD (4/ 3 #F  QJ $ x# lM D  ‘x
$ x7 9:; .11  O 9+A 2%  F 1 (œ
($) $rp $% 1 ($) $d/ :u ;+J Œ
$0f  " "A+ L – ($1 " QD
.1"$%)
"F 50  k  A 4 $ D 5/ "' -J 08O
4 ] O Ñ (50 †+H j J 1) $1 $! 4 51P 
1Aƒ % ("$ D 5/" D v{ L/  † A 4 S < +.=

Nye, Joseph (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World 1


Politics. New York: Perseus Books. See also, Szondi, Gyorgy
(2008). Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: Conceptual
Similarities and Differences. http://www.nbiz.nl/publications/
2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation_branding.pdf
78
"' ($+' $#0p $ 50M 4 "' 9:; 2%
 B = ‰ ($/ $6+ $D) $d/ ($1%/  V
Lm1 4 $ $% ) 4 h+m' *+g' À% 4 Wƒ %
.?1 3 %@ ¡0p O ng
4/ Wƒ  "O ’K I $ D 5/ I =
1@  A (d+I7  S < "F{ L‹ 4 $D œF{
0 ]) 1+= ‰ $1% 3@m' 1r+ ]! (•/D= 16=
Ÿ+ €E $1  EEU ‰ $ 0 ‘:A (¡x D
.Wƒ  x<D 66)=
3; ($O +rD $WW 4 $ D 5/ +rD -J +E
:JW .+m¦ 5+<D SO $ x# vJA xM  ($) $d/ :FO"
4 SO Lm1 4 j (q S6 F $1# h1 ($ \/
( + $#0 $#0p $ :W . +! SO  % (¡0p
."k )8 _)  *+g  3. G@
5/  (3< U $%E 5/ "O O $ D 5/ n)= F
   0gM 4 L )= ]I 4 3; ($D  QH G $ D
($+) $ $E @F $%E 5/ "O R „d 
0m ‘: = d (6f) z)e% $d+ $)D vJA FM
;1) 4 Ì! œ@ ]I 4 ;1/<  ; (0+.w = L
"@)  D +AO $) "@) 1D v{ ¡01D d (-6+
S < $1 "@)  hƒD= (]A+ ;D)s $
.„@1 3 %)
\1= .=+= $ D 5/ $/ 5/ O -J h+
*1;' b“M 2% 501/ +;Q   %d (h+m' 1!M
79
0E ”) ¤  .+mž *+E= $/+g 4 Wƒ  u
"d+E= L – 2% +W= O (!' ”) 4 (5/ +rD
2009 S) 4 .j+V †:7 lM 0#  +mž À%
ŽA "$A: 5/" S < lM 08O 1D 5+< 9:; -J 0g
"f=+  4 $%E 5/ $ D 5/ "O Ÿ1 §)="
3; 3//H _) 4 $)< $f=+ F O lM -J 08O .$P#J
$ D 5/" M @ .$)d N+. $ D $%E 5/ Ÿ1
` +mž *+. $  91+=  2% EH 2% 501/ 3;
4 $ D $%E =/ "O R 7 $<A $d+) (k;+AM
."$Ax 5@
+–  LÓO ($1  RO $ D 5/ O -J 1A
5@ 3; L ($ "@) "gJ $0 O $D;x 50r jD
½ƒ= 1@ ŽO V (9+AM  *1;' „/{ 2% 50@ $//!
$D G $+.I  51@ 2% v0  xM $ ŸK D
.$
:"  $WW lM 5/ -J \Š/
$  11  5/ 91+=  2% LE{ O 
.];+ 
$  $ "j+V 1+=  2% LE{ O 
.j+V
(kV+=   \ %)# +mž †:É 1+=  2% LE{ O 
.]V+  $
1@ "%) #D= "FE=F 0.= O -J 1A
.Z h  Wƒ= „ 
80
($) $% 1 "O v<‹ +.@ $ O T! 
‰ ‘%= O (($ 0) rO  %ˆ ‰ $ D 5/ "O
$<% ^ " #  w 3%  0gM 4 )  )w (vƒ=
."$Dg $ " jD $% )

81
&$% !#

5+67 $8" ; $ # 9:; 4 b+ ' D) O ‘8 F


4 51+d $! 1996 S) 4  @.J :D v%8 ‰ "$
k !+g  L 5D/ 9:; "u  1/d (3 +) 3 je<
("/ J zg)=  k=0WO  L  ("FY= "F8M 
1  4 51+d $! (]eV O $)8  ‘x „H  LA
jG 2% "5+67 $8" 0e! +E / _ .3 +) 3
 5+67 v%/ J 1D (‘x bc L (’/d 1; "88
\e= $%  $8 lM X1!' 0m™ $%@J $M 5D@ +–
.$01= $£ $M " 51
v= $0c $)A (5+ 9:; (eO "5+67" O ‘8 F
$) "A0 + 8O \;O `dD= 5/ _) 4 5+w!
$=+ 2005 S) 4 "O= xM ("AJ" O "FAAA" A
.Wƒ  x<D Z!  $) "A0 + 8O \;O $p
 L/= F $J O = "5+67 $8" v= (S [.@ 4
.$) "3 3 3 "O "-" O "M M 3" "8
5D@ NgM 1) $ $ $0f  $) 9:; x<J 16=
"<g™ 5+67" "$w+ 5+67 "D@" ($6%“ 5+67
5+67 O ‘x lM zwO ."$/KW 5+67" "+8 5+67"
L ($1%/= $J6<%= 5D@ -ƒA 1)= \%d ( .JO N.J  v)
"$D "J#+ " L@  5+W $%g 0xO  <D "1#O
83
5+67 6A+" "J N/! \@" "]01 % 5+67 6A+"
.;V ..."$6%“ $ +) I% vJ 5+67" ""01%
 0xO $  QD= ‰ "+ˆ "1D ‘x lM *e
.+m jA+8 R )  O 5+<D M ($D 01 2%
 q „P%  $Ked 5D/A 5+67 $ o0) = _
.ƒD $1 "$Dg $ " = $%  R ($%  "O
$1 $) $1%/  % 1 \1 $%d 5O 5+67 "1 
4 $0E  *+g' $+./ $¢+ $% 1 R c  Dd .+.@
5+67 R c (’ 0 ~0ˆ ($/%I *+V 4 ( $e@
 kd / (+m [J  0H 5+8 jG 2%  <J *+g'
! 1;  lM LE L ($/%I *+I 4 / F
O  d Œ F ($0c $)A 5+67 ¤d k<J v@ 4 ._)
Œ F  A ˆ ("+.@" 3%r'  Dg  ~D ;xO 4  %Ed
 ;V (JO "~1+" O (+O "FAAA" LE<
1%  $0f  $) „W ’ +  `)= ‰ $%' 9:;
$) ƒD 1% ( %A O 1E :; 4 1A' .ƒD
4 Wƒ  Ÿ+  ‰!J 4 $rm (+mž 1!O S1Ä ($0f 
.+mž
$+O $%  „KW  w 0I $<Pr v<A
S1^ = +.@ O 1/ )= 51P  "F O (`% R@ ;+J
51 % $#0p $ "w< 4 $ $@0 5+67 5D@
 $<PE v%/J .?1 ‡+ 2% G O 1# Rd 4
5D@ M":0  zb# +.@ 4 3+' <  $+ $@+
‰ +M œ0# R +.@ ")= 4 $ $@0 S1^ = 5+67
84
~ L +m 8M F R (bI% /!  ) \/ =
R@ J" $% 1 k @+ 4 0  *wO .0 Ô †6!
$#0p $ 4 $¢0 V 5O 5+67 5D@ S1^  +  O
($#0p    ) % +.@ 1 Wƒ % $% (+.@ $H
"@) ‡r $ % 5O  1^  4 +.@ +    A
 d s (5D/ ]  ) œ@ "+== ‰ (h+m' 1 R
-O+ 4 Wƒ  2% 5+67 5D@ 501@ M" R = ."51P  "F
ŽO  A (+./ x<D% A 01E 3; $/.D j›O R 4 S)
 L 2% (h+m' 1 R "@) P  S1^ =
$) $% $%K) "gD $ Ê 5+67 $.I= v% 
1)= 6= F (3w S) m o+ $!1 $HE
$H 1 $)d +A' $% 1 $ "'  51!
.1"$+./
$8 $O ¤d ($+./ $) $% 1 h  2% O
 fJ ‰ 5+8 V O 5+8 $@) $8 4 L = 5+67
u $) a " +d' R œ "5+67 $8"
$%  4 $O 1# $0+w "$HE" $@) 9:; (_)
‰ $H ($@) 9:; •^%J O Œ ."$Dg $ " =
5ƒfd v< m "5+67" O o+<D :$  $w+< ‡+. (q ’{
(‡+< +m  (]eI ~D  j6# O ‘8 d (# 
(+^ +m  (3 1  †rO  •/D +) +m 
(+Wƒ  D) 1 R 7 O $K D $%E˜ (¥M ...B  +m 
1E/  ’e :; ((\  F ($ ÊM O $%) $P%E ]!r
http://ainnews.net/46382.html 1
85
‰ $) $% 1 À% k= $H 9:; ."$HE" $@)
R 4 +e{ (*+g' R R "$) 5+)8" 2% Td{
O Y= 0 qV  ] -' v V M (X1!' Ld˜
. + O z@ ‘+P  
L= œ L $ 5+67 $8 v= (k% jD
$ # 4 +.@ $ "W  r  "[d1 $J+=" 4 $; 5O
9:G D A ¤d .Ÿ%p $/.D 4 $0E  hu h/
L@ " b 4 _)  $%<V 4 "+.@ $ 2% -1 )=" O h/
(5+67 # L‹ 4 LP   " +' :; ¤d ("5+67
4 1;  5+8 jG 2% 0m' 50E L/D= ‰
._) j›O
"[0" 4 5ƒ 5+67 zr SÖ 5.m S1/  J F
”) 4 S1/  :; 5+67 0 O T! L .3d1 +.@ $
$) $% 1 2% ])E 1D "SfG" R@ :mƒ !'
9:; +)= 1D ( $e@ 4 kM E=  „/{ $+./
01 jE@M O Ç œ { $ %@M h@ ÀD; ƒ $% 1
( ) 5+8 $ # $1%/  $% 1% ΠF (-+./
-O+ 4 Wƒ  $ # 2% 501@ +A' 5' 5+67  d
  <@ I  k ! 2% ’Ie% k)d o+I (*1  S)
4 $ +H ~O0 ($) $% 1 0 ; ’e :; ( $e@
.S (œO
LA 4 eO 1#  ]%.  "$Dg $ " = '
]J# D = 1) = r D v{ ($1 S LK
F $ $ # 2% -+./  a ¤d ."+.@ $¢"  h+mO
86
z% ¨ 4 +eP 91)  L (]! 5+67 $8 2% +E /
9+#O B lM J D; ._) u -; 7 S LK
 e 2% ($+' 3D= N+8 $)#  DA À0 #
.2007 2006 ) S) ! 1% 18 4 $K+ zPE
$<Pr 70 4 ("+ 706) +.@ \ 0  B zA
+ O ( 0O ($  +O 4 <Pr B LÓ .$K0
 (LK+M kd s ’' N+ ($  (1DbJ
O ( ÊM A +.@ 9c [.JF ƒ B + ‹O .$/+dO
 ;V  +AO "+ ‹ Ž +.@ d+IÉ $rp "%)
.1†+H †;0 L Rw
2007 S) 4 (S 50b +.@ vIO 1998 S) 4
6A+" $J+< "1!  %+" $ QD R $A+ vO
"x $rm $ (" <PE  [d1 S $+H $!1
) R \fD  „d $ $QD $ *1q .S R<J
".@ S1U "J 51@ jD  ($M XP S/ ($1
$ 5+Ax $ s  -0A:= ]EJ $@M ]J# lM (S
Ö 51 i1/= (+H S Pw 0 b0 1%U
$rm (n  \;01 \ 0 jDWO "A J w+)  :
FA=+ S $+H $!1 6A+ R@ ."b' $)w 4
— JA/+D 4 "1!  %+" $ QD R ) %
jD 4 L  6A+ :;  *1G M / Π.22008

King, M. John. Coverage and perceptions of Qatar in major world 1


newspapers. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2720192
.www.dohacentre.org 2
87
$/W "$HE" "@) ’ 0 (_) u <PE R Lr 
(S LK $O $d+) jw 4 $;1 ‘x $O 1= .\ )
($) $% 1 "0 $)   $.I= 4 (S 4 %)
."$' \=" $% ) 3K D Ÿ=D 4 1r0  ‘x +d 

88
 ' !#

9:; 3). bI 11{ $J +A01G "+ 01E =


' +./ +d= O Œ ‰ $%< 0 ŽM xM ($ #
+AO .$E @F $ $ D   ..m R L  $d
bI ’<D O S1^  +./ 0 9:; B = ‘x 
\ ‘x 4 s ("$Dg $ "  $rp  .JO L 
"' \ (5+67 $8 \ ($) $% 1  #
1 F $ # 9:; 2% .$b " # 2% L )= ‰ h+m'
"+ z‹= q \  ‰ "$A: 56 " $< lM 9 JF 
u (+.@ $1 "$Dg $ " = $%  4 ;0 $).
._) j›O 4 ~D R "bV +.@" "$HE" $@) ÊM
S1/ -:) —6<%   4 3Ax L Pw :; 1
$ž z@ = 5ƒfd ($/ 0 I $ 2% *6) J  <g
3K +  0  LE< S/ L<. 1 ' (L )  $/
k ; $0     L<. :; O  4 + Qd ( D
 xM .(-+./ bI 6s k %K R = _  "0 I 2% *6)"
".¿  11) 2% Z -: —6<%   :; D%%!
k#  1D $rm ($' 4 $V kJ e ¤d ($) 56<% 
+.@ 1 _) %U ž) 5 $<  1; %
’Iw 5O $). 5+ A bf = $A: $+ 9:; .(šbV
lM G{ ($1 "@) h  2% b6  Ì! O L = O
89
J/ :; s0 .‘%  01E "$HE" "@ +#
3). bI  D= lM +.@ 2)= ‰ $@) \ d lM eO
! ‘%  -: bI LA O ~D 1/ ) Z£ ("+.@ $¢"
œ#+¨ 5+ 9:q \ ) ˆ 4 Le< LA (+.@ 901E _)
"A+% -0+w $1 9:; # ¤d ?   (+./ )
.—  L<. ‘: \  ;  A ˆ hu
$E @F $ # 2% "$HE" $@)  +mž ]J7
.$#0p $+./ "0  F $Q<˜ 3A: Rb  4 2%f 
’<D [.@ ¡0m œ0   RD  "D :D +.@ 2)=
+.@ b # 4 L  (-  @1Dr k#= „+g  bI
+O   /+dO  0O  4 rO j+ (0  
$1p "./ "0  F ‘%= [b = .;V $D=
.$DE $06 3.@ ]J# lM ($0/) $d+E $
m  2=ƒ  ]d "3A:"  Rb  :; zr 1D
"A+ L = 3 d ("0  F 9:G 3/d' - ) Rb 
4 " A+  bI R0 4 "0  F L@  hu
„gD 4 $0/) $! R0 jD  (J1JM E)
m1 ($J.u $ r) 4 (À0 1;  (z0 -0DA)
L = .—.u (6%A0 ) ‘D L $ ÀD 4 "A0 4
4 + 8' (b0;) +#  j+8 L@  $D R0 ‘:A
( ) ~D R 5+8 $@) "x R0 (_) 1D
L ($ +#  "0 RJE "A+8 4 \ O j+A
5  (b0;) +#  $% 2% $e / +.@ $A+8 xP 
901@ %s D +d % 15 ;=+ ‰ $J.u $ r) 4
90
4 b+ ' +   +.@ 1)= (eO J.+ 4 .0F 0% 2.2
 A  u $K6f  R – 4 $%) (-uD) +#  $%
4 +   uAO +.@ 1)= (‘x lM $dwM .$A+ \ O R 0 PD
-0JA) 4 $0f  $/.D ‘% ˆ ‰ (` M  J) $A+8
01 $A+8 u +.@ ‘% ˆ  A .$J.u $ r) 4 (*0
50< § L@  1D 4 50  — ”) $+./
%45 $D $A%  $0/) 5+ $A+8 ‘% ˆ .$+'
[08 4   (~; À0 ) § $+./ 01 $A+
$0/) "0   «$e / +.@» $A+8 v)d0 .0<AO
j+8 1) $J.u $0/) « ŸJ» $A+8 \ O 4  E!
lM  E! LE  ($A+ \ O  11# \  % 28.5
4 $0/) "A+ "uA  « ŸJ» 1)= .27.7
’ 5  $ «*0 -0DA» $/.D +1= ‘% ˆ J.+
.1D $J.u $ r)
4 +   uAO ZW +.@ 1)= (3DE [./ – 4
$A+ \ O  %17 2% œ+. u (# `Ad) $A+8
 A ."0  $) "A0  $ – \e= ‰ $J'
R<=0 -: $J' «$80 » $A+8 ¢O0 4  E! +.@ "b
4 0   +.@ b # $E! v%r Z! (0F "0% 7 lM
$ – 4  E! «$e / +.@» "b6 .%17 lM $A+
$A+ 4  % v)d0 1D («z A;» $J' "jJ
4 "jJÖ $A+8 uAO «z A;» 1)= .%10 lM %9.1 
$A+8  %6.2 $E! «$e / +.@» "+ 8 (‘x lM . 0O
.0F "0% 3 L / („d+ % $J «F0uM»
91
 %15  +AO 2% +.@ +.= ($ "1p [.@ 4
.—.u (6%A0 ) ‘D \ O  %6 ›  ed (1D $r0
 A  u ` v1+A ‘D 4 +   uAO +.@ 1)=  A
.$+ $d+E $ a \ O  %10  +A'
Rf D j+ +.@ v@ ($de 3! [./ 4
‘J+d % 300 $ / +  900 R<=+= $/.D 4 + 3!
$%£ 911c 5M LO 2% 0F % 289 -O -+
4 5+W $E! +.@ "+ 8  A .2014 S) R%. 511#
‰ $e / $%  $ –  $1 (vJd) NDd $%%
+.@ $A+8 v1@O  A .g  1 -) ' ;+1
uAO 1) -: (567 6 0d) N1Dd j+8 2% $e /
vd) -0f  „P%  ed 5+;/ $+E $ r) NDd
01 $A+8 v%ˆ  A .0F % 250 ;01@ $ / (
4 50.O 1) -: (J+d 4 (J 0 ?) N1Dd $+./
4 †  Rf D (50dID 4 6%d0 N1Dd .D< –
.L
4 $e / +.@ $A+8 v@ (306 0  F – 4
S) † AF 4 0F 0% 2.8 901@ %s $ 2010 S)
"E!" $A+8 h1 1#  A .nE 306 0  F ‘D 4
+ O 4 \K@ 0   0   +.@ $&G L $A% 
$06 [.@ [+ *1  .0F % 412 $ /
zO 150 ¡ JM lM l' $%!+ 4 2) ($JH $ + 
lM ;+1E  B /  g zO 50 ]J# lM (D \DV ~O0
.$+./ N
92
3 d+  [./ L   $+./ "0  F 1 ˆ
1) $A%  $e / (0 \%d) $A+8 v1@O Z! (3K D
$A+8 j+8 2% 2010 $Ž 4 $e / +.@ \ D +   
 A .0F % 663 $ / —6 v $ –  (`)
$J.u $&G"  $   N/! 2% $e / +.@ "xP 
Ç + " \ $d+) 51P  $%  4 "p "@
+.@ $» B  ($/<E 9:; ]#s ."6 D8
$/  ‡ d L<!  LA 4 ¢0 +8 1#  «$e /
4 S LA S/= ‰ «×+» \ $d+) p "@ $¢+
vJ» \   p N (1D $J.u $ r)
x" p N («`D#» *+) p N («+f
."ÀO
" # 2% $+./ "0  F S ; +E / _
4 $&8D N' › v c L ($fwD $1%/  0  F
.$1DG 50/ k8 $@+  0O $D= +O
—W  u#  \#  1 à ]! (?M L 
  0   S6 )= +.@ ¤d ($#0p +b j0b `%– `K0
$ @ O (2011 S) m ¡0p 4 0F 0% 35 30
vI% 1@ 2010 S) m +.@ œ6“O ‰ $#0p "0  F
.0F 0% 20
"+J 1/d ($D#' "0  F †:É +.@ \ œ L / 4
 F. ++/= 5  $+' "LJ+A +O" $<Pr
"0  F †:# Z!  ?H v@ 4 _) [/ LedO
½ƒ= ‰ _) 4 l' $1 3; +.@ $ M v@ Z! ($)
93
E @F ¼< ! O lM ++/  08O (1 9:; $ K@ ~O0 2%
+.@ v%)# ‰ L) +AO  ~ % k8) J k Js -+./
Æ) J L‹ 4 rEm (_) "0   †:7 Led' 
[./ :A (50a $ 0' 1 4 0 D -0/) [./
. bI "+ Æ) J 3.<D
3%˜ Ÿ=D  %5.1 › +.@ 4 3D#' 0  F L
 50r S@0O "1AO .2010 S) 4 $1 4 ?
"0   +.@ †./  Lr= 2% $ +)  e "
(0F "0% 9  L/= FO 2% (2011) ?H S) 4 5+8
.$) $ +) $%  1)  + — 6A+ ‘: L P 
¾+d ++/  „d 3D#' ¾p [./ 2% +.@ o+)=
0F 0% 125  @  $0  F  ..m :<D= 4 $
.$%/ ` p "D 4

94
  % !#

R a ") "0  $ – ’D= $ # 9:; 2%


]Ê F .-+./ ])% —J k# i1/= *1q (-+./ —1
("$Dg $ " "J 4 3O +ED ; "])" O L<IJ O
(0E LJO 4 h+m' †)% kŒ1/= k z+)   1 F ?  
9:; O  A . D $WVM ( # ˜ 51 ($JJ $1m
L "$Dg $ " jD 4 $O h+mO "6 i1/ §)= "0
"0 9:; O 1“ h+mO 5+ .Nm' S+A $de !
$@+ O $D 6#! -O  1) _) j›O R 4 À+P = $) a
D % k1/=  A ˆ 56V ]) "1 S1/= 3 d ($DWM O
6b O 2011 + O "Jed O D+=A 0EM O O 3J= 4
B% [6D ] +f  *Fž < d= O 2011  
[b= $JJ  7 "1 9:; O \  .2011  4
„Dr %  (-1%/  -+./ -6 1=+ +.@ $.
C.p 0)8 ;%) "+Kg  %/D= (+.@ $ \ 50 "1)
’p ) +.@ \ ($1% 6+ " -: ( ) $+./ $7
:+.@ $ 4 $%) $JJ $WV " \;O  .(”+)

( #   %


†8 L B  -: L/  RDE 2)= $£0 V $ QD
L )= (k=  * m 2% \%)  ¾+d 2% EH _)
95
s †8 LA "@g f<= 2% 2005 S) 4 v&JO ‰ $
h0E@  › p -O $ := .R a +.= Nd b6)
"&< 5! +.= †   3%˜ 1)E 2% ; #
"+ˆ \QD= m  +.@ $ Lm $+˜ $ #F
z% ¨ ¡01D= .$) [.  "!0 ]01  Ÿ+  $ 
Lr= (0رg (1J :$  $e+) D) v{ $ $.JO
.L 
 ’' N+  4 $.J' $ 1J= :-  
.$D) $ $D< "1 i1/= m
Ÿ+  $%˜ "01/ $' § $ 0.= :6b H 
.\%)  [.@
" +.@ 4 ")7 ~01 $ ’ += :@62 
4 $A0 " 9:G Π.$D 1 4 $ %) 
.\%)  0E $ %)  *0) "%)
j (Ò0. "F! 4 $WV "J) $ S1/= :98 
2% 6A+= (+ q ]  ‰ O $). X0 4
."b' v@ 301 LEP  0+ 

 ) *


ŽO $p 1 Ã $ vD%O 2010 S) $Ž 4
X "D 4 3WVM -m [+ *F 5+ ":<J
239 $ vD  A .0 % 530 2%  += $<% ($w
m 0 3304 $ "6“O ._) j›O u $ %)= $
vD 1@ ( 0 XW  †+ / 1)s -O ("D XW
96
LA  œ:/JO $0 $<0 ") – 51  0 ž 9:;
$ 5! *D&  $JH œ+W $+ G vP¢  A (*<7
 S  EA +/d +A' ") a 4 $rm ($)g
  1E :; 4 $ R0 v% (3/+d' L!
*+›F +  [7 +g¨ <g' *F ]ŠD# @0 JJM
X "D 4 $ v/d 3WV 1 4 O .3A%
WVM + 368 1)s -O ($WVM R0 1104  $w
\1 d=  "D 9:; 4 $  # vDˆ 1@ .D
Pw \ <JO 1# :  *Fž "& L< R+
$ v@ 3PE a 4 .$). X0 [JO z% ^
._) j›O u Pr 6A+ 25 jD 4 S 

  *


+.= L#O  1980 S vƒ= $! V $m $&;
$ D  "F– 4 L )= .h+m' 5b) ") a -+./ R a
”I Ò0. "F! 4 D $WVM +/< $ 0¿ $1 
+.@ R = ($D7 O N+) O 1 O `D7 O %  +QD
:D 51P  \™ 3 #F -E @F `%a $e) $p
$ +) $% S) 3ƒ  +ˆ $e (1997 S)
 51! 1)= (1999 :D 5+;/ 4 $ D % $%;' " QD %
.Ÿ%p 4 $p "&G uAO
 0O /+dO  4 1% 25  .Jƒ $p +.@ 3.I=
(ÇID  ( A  ( ( .%d (+.@ :3;
06# (dDA0  (E (J 0 (+fD (J1JM
97
(+E (†+I (dA ($D (JO (? (+ /
(1DG (0 (D (  (0' (N+) (=
.J+
(hƒ d= :2% $WV a $K+ " #  6A+=
"1p ($PE "1p (j ($K:I V $K:I 
a $K+ " #  6A+= .Lm1% 501 $.J' ($ %) 
($' ¿ (3' \%)  :2% $d/ \%)  $ + 
.3  L ) (n  L;ƒ  ]01 

 +),  -


v&JO (+.@ $ $ r $!1 ;+/ $+.@ $! $&;
$ D= lM *1œ (2004 $D 13 \@0 -' J/ ]#s
 @+  % *+8 $JJ $p  ' Rf= \
.+.@ $1 $) $ 0gM 4
2010 S) $Ž 4 +.@ $ v/%gO (3) h  2%
2011 1! —J j1D 51P  \' $ QD R )  
$JJM "1 d  3+O 0F "0% 7.4 › R *1q
._) ! $ 28 4 •^8 % 50 PD
$#0p +b 1 3P+ Ô 1  1 ¿ 1 @
j1D :; NgM M" :X1H :; 4 +.@ $ L $)   
R a +.@ $ S ; ¾+!  )= ½ƒ $!1  —J
X0 "b'  z<^ % À+P  50+w 2% ?1
z= +    Pw ];x ‰ _) ! $JJ
„/{  +.@ vDˆ 1/ ...À+  L ) „D   7
98
\'  1˜ 1 L@ 2015 S)% $<™ $KË *1;'
$+./ $ D  $JJ "1 v%8  A ;b“ 51P 
?M % ...?1 )  – 4 $1 $ 4 K0 +ED
 5+ < 4 +.@ $  $1/ $KË "J) "1
›  D "<  3+O 0F -0% › vI% 2009 lM 2005
 h+mO „gD +' /+dO  0O  4  106
.1"_)
`%– `K0 —W  u#  \#  1 à A
R À+ 8F $ 50 ‘x L@ „%gO 1@ $#0p +b j0b
 $JJ "% )% 5@ jJM 4 L = (3) S 1 )
$%Q v{ $ % 51)  1 )  0gM +d= O Žƒ8
Žƒ v<r ("0d †;" \ 50 2% „%gO .51P  \'
T<! "@ + D=  A ˆ $ D „gD 4 + D= $JJM 5@
1@ .$P% "+E „gD 4 51P  \™ $)   S
0+/ [+ 51P  \™ $) $) f% 65  501 "1 
[d1 rO „D= $)d {" D) +.@ $ k 1@ -:
 (O 69) 1D v{ "$). X0 $ # —1 -+)
„D= 66)=" D) 51P  \™ $) $) 7  O 1#
.2"Ò0. "F! 4 51P  \'  1/= ‰ $JJ 51

http://ar.cgqh.net/index.php/section-news/1-qatar-news/196--50-.html 1
/http://www.hope-qatar.org 2
99
( ) *  +# !#

(1# S; "$' $¢" jD $%  4 +< 0 O ‘8 F


"= " QD 0gM 4  QD F/E  1D $rm
$ " $% kJƒ —1 R a *+) .—1 R a
4 $<% ^  D 4 L )= ‰ $d/ $ #F $E @F
 = .¾p [./  $1 $.%  3J / 
L $J " 2 = ‰ "&G  —1 R a " QD
( ' "A+8 ($ ) $D  " /D ($%;' ") 7
($J1 ") 7 ($p " ($DE $0f  *+I
N/! ") (J N/! ") ($.  "&G
  q8  (‘%  $ ") ($w+ -D (5O+
.$.  "
(G8O œ = 4 —1 R a " QD * m \V0
L ($' •KEp  $ – ”) R  e) \/ = Ž¤d
•^% = .$.= ($%/  ($£0 V ($rm " QD ŽA
:1?  4 —1 R a " QD zK‹ S 
.R a 4 CeJF SQD „/{ 
4 $0 mF $A0 % "D@ d= m  $g+/Œ1 „/{ 
") " QD 1)=  A (3 a 4 S) a

43 9  (    ) /  .* =9 ?  1


.2008 18  B9 5 5'
101
5+H 50  5u) $+< 50 % 5O —1 R a
($0# $&)  ` ([.   $) D $ Ê $A0
$; 7 R  +;Q % R a 2% $1  w+<= ‰
.3) 1ƒ 
j JF jF \@ $ D= $ $ #F $&D  
50 ($ L P  1) F e  ) 
.$) % ` P  S ;F 3 Ê L )
.$' J N/! $ "#H jd 
. # ˜ 51 "1p d= 
.3 #F Ld  „/{ 
.$% $ D  
—1 R a $ Pd (”) R  e) zK‹ 9:; L =
\QD % 5O kJA R o0) = F " 7 +d' €E N/H
kd O  A (LA R a 4 51! 0+/ F 2% ¼<H
$P%E e/ S ;F  k)DŒ F $D) "&< $rm €E 
kd@ ($<)e $# ˜ "&<% 51 d O (R f% $)
k=1 R o0)  F "+H 2%  K1  $! 4 $1 1w
zK‹ 9:; L =  A .¥M …$ D  Ÿ+  ’.m :<D= 4 G
¢/= k  ÀD; M / Œ ($1 zK‹ R
.1—1 R a $H $ #F $E @F " %
R a \ ; (—1 R a " QD 516  $™ +QJ
" 1 bc Z£ (" QD 9:; L `ƒ -+./
9  (    ) /  .* =9 ?  '  1
.2008 18  B9 5 5' 3
102
$ +  +AO +.@ 4 —1 R a " QD "&;
Ÿu vD= .2010 S) 4 $ # $d/W $m $D 
 .JO  1<  51@ v)= (" 9:;  1/= ‰
 D d (#0m %m R a "&d LA L    –+ 
D<% $+./ $) 7 \e= (($d/ ") 7 ")
$@1E $) (3Ke +E % $+./ $) 7 ($% 
SM) vJ+ J 2% S $1p Î $) ($J  $+./
G $) \e= (($p ") 7 ") .(F O
1 ¿  1 à $ ($p +.@ $) (-+./ +'
"1^% —W  Ô 1  —W Ã $ ($p —W 
.$p —W  u#  \# Ã $ $JJ
($+./ jg' $) :$D  ") 7 " \e=
($+./ 1D  $) (+  31D  $+./ $) 7
$) ($+./ JJ/ ˜ $) ($+./ ˜ $)
-O :\e= ($ #F ") 7 ") .$f%p ]%/
3 #F jË 0 ("‘ %r" $ ("=0"  › p
S1U ‰ ") 7 ") O .$  $ +) "/ $)
"# !F -x L;ƒ  $+./ $) 7 \e d ($rm "&d
$+./ $) 7 (g+ $Pd $+./ $) 7 ($rp
.-+%
11) jJM m  J N/£ +.@ $ S ; 1c
2% (L   <s J N/! $ 66)  " 
N/£ $D) "0  11) jJM Í 3H h 
]  +EH F  L 2%  D ("0b Lm J
103
50b J N/! 50M ($#0p 50b J N/!
" v&JO  A .5+'  2%' `%a ($%m1
(+ 0cF $Pd $+./ $A (S R<J "x $rm
3H V h  2% .5O+ L<. $ H $+./ $
 11) `ƒ=  A (J N/H $Dg $Df% v&JO
ÐJO  A .$ D  J N/£ $D) —1 R a " QD
$!1 +ˆ "r  5+y ' 0H ?1 $!1 6A+
 4 B d 1@ 2007  4 1/ -: (' 0H `p
0H ~ ?1 $!1 +ˆ /)J R 6  ‘x (2008
Ç)  0H $d/W 66)= +J lM 6A+ *1  .'
.13 %
$g+/Œ1% — 2/ %" 2007  4 +.@ vde 
jJM kD ”^ˆ -: ("3 +) g 4 3 ‡r
(G +/ $!1 $D1  :^ = ‰ $g+/Œ1% $ +) $
lM $ *1œ .3 +) _) 4  J  l' 1)=
$ O +A: +17 .$g+/Œ1 $d/W 66)= 2% $/.D Rf=
 '   3+O 0F  5+ %s vu= 1@ +.@
4 $g+/Œ1 $!  ' ;++/= $ "01rO ($
.2Dg ++/= 17 2% ++/  6=0 2008 S)% $ +) 

www.dicid.org 1
www.adf.org.qa 2
104
, - !#

$" 3; $ # 9:; 2% $.8D " b+ O


3ŒA' 1) 2% 6A+  2% "D :D v O ‰ (1"+.@
:; ."$Dg $ " = $%  0gM 4  <‹= (4/
œO $1/ 4 3 %)  3ŒA' CD +.@ $ v)w
")7 †./  u (?) \%)  4 $d 0  F m 
$D1" R – 4 11{ ($!1 4 G Ÿ+  [+d B < $)
LJ0A L ]g $%A ze  ž " -: ("$ %) 
$)7 $%˜ [+< ((2005)  #0# $)# ((2002)
((2004) % 3IJ0A $)# ((2003) SM 1J kM ~=
$)# .(1997) +.@ 4 \ E  Dd $%A (ZDA D#+d
‘:  .(2009 ~0 4 B d) À0 #D  S%)% +.@
$+' ")f% R c uAO +.@ $ $ %)  $D1 L=
.51P  "F ¡0m
( +.@ $%. q./  $ %)  $D1 9:; 6Π
( †D# ’' N+ 4 50a 1  †g
 O +.@ 4 / ]J#' †+) †.  \;V
$%!+  O1= ($%  Ÿ+ $ S1/= .3 +) Ÿ%p
($)7 "% lM Fr $J $01 lM $01 L@ 

.( 1/Qatar Foundation: http://www.qf.org.qa 1


105
+d= 50D $ +f  9:; .%) "01 h  lM Ñ
(†.  1+d ’%m "up †0f % F= A !
9:; ¤d ‘8  .$D  $ #F $d/ "<%p -x
$ " = $%  4 5O ~' 3; $ %)  $D1
+./  (L/  L# (117 jÇD 4 +W= "$Dg
$ $ +) 1 (Ÿ%p   1d \Ž+@O
.eO $ +I 1
S) 4 vO ‰ +.@ $ 2+= (4/ ]J7 4
L8 2% 2004 4 5+ O "O1 ‰ ($!1 "+‹D (1995
$@D -+ 8 h1 D lM v{  + ($J6<%= "/%!
.’' N+ $/.D 2% +W= ‰ $d/ $ e/
9:; 4 A0 $%VO +./ )7 †. L
_) ’' N+ 4 ")#  †g  ed ("@D
0!" ŸJ+ $J.u "3 3 3 " Z= .3
u 1; % 300  †+/  91; SQ J ("$!1
._)
$ +< 5@ †./  $d/ $ # v ;  A
6A+" L $) X£' 6A+ †./  u _) 4
3 +) 6A+" L 511# 6A+ `ƒ= O ("6IDA+
6A+" S/ ."$!1 4 " $0 X£™
:$  "Fa $/%)  Ÿu X£' "$!1  6IDA+
2 R a S J@ =1 L%P A \H e@ 1
– 4 " L%P A $E @F $+ $ D  e@
e@ 3 E @F $@.  ' $& $PE $ + 
106
$ "+E ' +gO L%P A $1 
.1h+mO 5+r) e@ $+)
 $/%)  $%/  $ X£' S/  A
1 k#= ‰ $7 $E @F $ #F
R "@) ‘x 4 s ($ % $+A' "x ") a
 4 80 BED 6A+ 2/%  .$+' 51P  "F
$K+ ?1 0  `%–  Ÿu X£' „%) 
†+  À0 `K+ —W  u#  \#  1 Ã
 : LA $e (6IDA+ $ `K0 ("=
0M (3DÊ+ DI b (+V+ L (vuO
.+m  (#+#
4 6IDA+ $ X£O uD $!1 6IDA+ 6A+ 1)
6A+ 51D#O L = .$dA +QD " # 2% B <D ; ($/.D
! "0! 1/ lM 51 \e= $. +  $O  #
 +d 5@  O #0  5@ R $) "
+Kb ! $de  ($+' 51P  "F  $/.D
$) " $ŒA' ") a 4 $@+ 6A+ 4 % )
L{ +D S LK 5 ($%%P  X£' $  
50b R )  ($!1 6IDA+ 6A+ \  .6IDA+
+O h1 D \QD= \ E= 4 6IDA+ $ $+./ $#0p
"F– 4 b0 5@ R Ê -: (-D 3 _)
j+# (—1 R a 3ŒA' _) S  ' $
. 0+e Æ/D 0H

http://www.brookings.edu/doha.aspx?sc_lang=ar 1
107
2010 S) 4 Í (3+' "6IDA+ 6A+" L / 4
($!1 4 " $0 X£™ 3 +) 6A+ `ƒ=
4 k<J 6A+ S1/ (50 36 . 3 +) +< kO+ -:
S%)% $%/  $+d $£ $" kJO 2% —+  k)@
6A+ 2)" ."$/.   J# 4 $rÈ $Ä0  $ #F
</  Lr= ÊM lM 3P 3 %) kgJ m 
(S L $JJ ($ #F S%) 4 †+) EE^ 
$+< 6A+  \ D  (\ O \œ) – e@  \ D 
"' +.= 1/D ZP $%  4 $) $ +) $P
$6 % $ eO ; ...4+) \A+  "  \;< $d+)
A  „%.D ; .;0.=  @+ L )  $ +) $' e/
L (]Pd :; ` .$ +) $G $d/ ”@D  F 0. 
(kD) R – 3@+A FM  V 0.  O  eO 6A+ „%.D
k d/W N 4 $Ä0  kd+‹ 4 (R a "&d R 7 0. A
.1"k I% 
$%A k8 $D ; ÀD; O *+) " 6A+ z+)= 4 O+/J
($%g 5+ d :D  f;D $ S%) $I 4 3+' k# %
‘x LŒ ."$.O N+ "01" – 2   4 $rm
‰ $ $E @F $ $D G  -+< ) 
1{ 3 d .$+< $P œ  % vQd!  f JO
51P  "F% $) " "# !F /d X£' Ÿ+
$› " 7 ’.m :<D= u ‘x \  F . HE $+'
$+< "' S1^  u eO \  L (’/d œ #=
/http://www.dohainstitute.org 1
108
4 2)= " ‘%= O s .$D   \;< $P%.E
0+/ 3)Jr " 3)w "1p i1/= lM l' $#01
6 mF ’ % BDc V 3 d ($+' 51P  "F 4
3 ;I= „K/H L1)  (!' !O 4 $K/ JF
6A+ jJM $O RD= D;  . KO 4 œw+ d R - =
 1/J zA k# JM kgJ k%   ]=+  (X£™ 3 +
 (3 +) _) 4 $ +I $+< ZP " kf D=
.X£  3 +) _)
$ $f=+ 7 e/ X£' 6A+ D 
$/ F $D  $@1E R  ($ #F $E @F
h1P = $w 51K0 X£O j+# k) m  $
.17 Æ/D = $1/J $ 0/ 9  (51K $K+ "0 
4 0+ = 3/d' - ) 1#  $! O 1“ h+mO 5+
6A+  /  #x D 4 „@1  ($d/ $ #
  . 0 (+< 0dO  D e   X£' "01
0gM 4 4/ CD ƒ ¡ D  / $ %)  "+.@ $"
lM †. :   :  1 Œ "$Dg $ " =
:/dO 1 Π.$01  "up $+< "j< 3 %)  0
4 A0 $ K@ lM +QJ) $ +I $+< ~01 2E@O 
50M $ K@ +QJ) 3 +) 3/ +< 2E@O lM ((6IDA+ 1 )
($!1 4 " $0 X£™ 3 +) 6A+ jb
+< › 1  0+ ((50 36 . 3 +) +< $K+
z . ($) kK0 % j % { n= u 3
$+< "0  0d' u 1  1#  :; .-w+/
109
-+./ j0b `K0 Z1!  /  9D @  R ˆ \fD
+< \%) #0 $A0" lM 08O 1D (2030 +.@ $Y0 
."$Y+ 9:; „/{ 4
5+< -+./ S ;F T! (eO $d/ $ # 2%
+rD $QD 4 O J kJA X+  2% 6A+  z! 
$E^  51 ]J# S1/= $; 5O ("$Dg $ " =
4 -+./ ])  M 1D  ‰ \/ 1/  ") $+./
O Z1{ 4 +.@ $ ":mO 2000 S) R%. :D .+m¦ k=+QJ
+.@ zP " : D  ($EE^  $) z!   1 jJM
("$W+  "D / zP " (" ) ‡ zP " (ng
."Z1H <% 3 +) zP " "4+V=< +E  zP "
.2008 S) 4 B  d -: "3 < zP "  O 1)
Ã0  "x +.@ $ ƒ ¡ D F Œ R0 9:; lM +QD 
lM 2)= ($) +M  hu 07 1 $J0/) E/
L) (3 3 +) X+  4 51  ;0:#  ZP
:0:7 9:;
.  ;# 66)= L   L= :FO
X+  4   b+ M m  3) 1)  PDˆ :JW
.—J +< -+
4 ;1   rO $+./ $1" $+ 1A= :W
$1Ps $.=+ "z)e $./J" 2% ]%I  ?   (Ã0 
.d+IŒ1 d+I7
lM N+.   $H $d/ $ #  Z1H ΠF
1+d À+  [+ 3; ("+D% +.@ $  -+ 6% " 0
110
L )= .$J.u -+ 6% +J 0 +.@ $ kJ 
]  R#+  ed (;V $ '  ' +J 2% 01
$I% 2PE< $ +) $I%  ' ] = .$ %)  $ŒA'
3 +) 0 7 2% [b= ($@1 $ "+ $6%“
+.@ $ -+ 6% " 0 +d= .0 ' z% ¨  -6%“
2% 6A+= ($/.D  +.@ $ 4 $D  $ O $d/W ("+D%
9D = -:  –J+ 6  .3) †' u $ +) $d/ +.=
"j< +.= * A 2% 31  zƒ % $% ) Æ0
$!1 4 $ %)  BD Ÿ+ $ +d=  A .$&8D $ '
4 51+d $ +c  5< F 01% B = (1D% -+ 6% 4
" R )  m  $ \QD= .+D "0 
$ $D 3; "† % 3) S" [+ $) $%˜
2% 0 ' z% ¨  +./ Rf= *1q †  < !
.5j+/ [ F
+.@ + A0O" eO `ƒ= (4/ ]J7 2%
*1q v%= ($D $&8J $/ $@+d 3; ("$J0 %<
‰ $@+< *6)= .$/.D  +.@ $ 4 R a $d/ +.=
\e= ($ +V $@+8 $/ "./ 2008 S) 4 v&JO
+  D< 5/ $@+< *6)= .$ 30  *b 101
"O  ( ) / 0 $/ F O "Lb 0"
 D< ; \/ 3/ z G ("Ld0" " d 
"$ +) $@7"  / ./ zO -: $<%m L0
5+ 8 3 S ; + A0'  O vQ! 1@ ."$P "
"0g ..M `0  .D8  LA 4  d6 1) $)
111
4 ‘x ($01 $/ N+d ŸJ+ $J0 %< +.@ + A0O
$@+ 2/ ¾p 3/ 3 5+K R   ) 0gM
2/ % +.@ $ŒAO 1)=  A .$ +I 2/ $
/ Ÿ+^  $ŒA' 2)= .+.@ $ 511# $dwM
.$ +) 2/ $ +I 2/ *6 2% 0@ d+ ¿
R a ]! 66)= lM 2011 S) 4 v/%.J ‰ $ŒA' *1œ
.2/ % -+./

112
.  !#

-+./ z% k//! -: +ED $ # 9:; v#=


*+8 LJ 4 op L@  .2022 _) ~ƒA $. $de F
508  1 F (3M 3 + 1% ƒA (_) ~ƒA \QD=
2% "b“M 51) _) ~ƒA z% "1  +.@ O lM $)+
4  !“ ‘x  .$) $w+ "+;Q  \QD= h 
(2006 S) 4 15"  $ž $' †)' 50 $de 
‰  †+V 4 $J $/.D 4 $D1 O $!1 vJA
.$ž †)' 50 $de  2Q{
L ($) $w+ ")<  11) +.@ v QJ  A
$.  "`D % $! < +.@ $. " ("zI% hu +.@ 56K#"
_) ~ƒA $de  z% i1/= „ ‘:A ."Æ™ +.@
($w+ „d+ $w+ $ P  $D R0  1) +.@ :<D=
L;= ‰ "+O" 3w+ N<  $ŒAO 81= : O 
LA  jum 01 -1O 2% 3 h s $w0 ];
2% ;xP  _) ~ƒA z% +.@ v   A ._) j›O
$ +) $/.D 4 [d1 6<%= $8 uAO  $w+ N/H
‰. "0 Z $+EH N/H ‘% ˆ vJA ‰ (½ 0 kM)
Ó 3 +) N+ 4 2014 S) 2010 S)% _) ~ƒA
(3 +) S h  2% $Ä0  $/<E 9:; 1)  ./+dO
\Q) (_) ~ƒA "0 Z N/! ‘% ˆ 5+67 $8 v=
113
u 1;  G +d  ($ 0' "01 "F.
.3 +) _)
($w+ $ # 2% b+ ' A 1/d (_) ~ƒA z% O
$ "  +d ($) lM a :; 4 -+./  a L/J kJ'
+.@ B8+= z% 4 Ç;1 .$@ V $! $+./ "$Dg
$+./ $f=+ F 3!  j# kJO (2022 _) ~ƒA $de F
$ " 9:; 4 5/ +rD 2% 1  "$Dg $¢"  
5+ 9:; v%ˆ ‰ z)e +rD 2% ]%I  4 B“ ("$Dg
 (+./ "50 " $D;x 50r $Vr ("0H `/. O ‚D" 
+ Q= 1; "./ 2% z% $/d+ $+E  6A+= m
3; "+ 0f8' ($K $w+ $.J' (Ðg (+P
' v<‹  A .$!1 ÇJ0A g 2% jG 4 +. =
\;' .z% $/d+ $Pw  $  4 50 $;6
"<s 56 – $+E $w0 "ÙD <% v1@ +.@ O ‘x 
."#01 ] 50+! $#0 z.%= 2% 50@ j;
2% -+./ z% 6A0 ($)8 $w0 3; S1/ 5+A '
50E  vD e d (-+./ ])% "$Dg $ " b+ M
k@= S1/ 5+ -+./ ]) ]! + Q= 1; z% % $/d+
S+AM $de ! LKÓ b+ M R (_) ~ƒA $de F
+.@ S1/ z% j# :; .$ +) $E^ 4 $%rƒ  (ze
."+ $Dm `/. 50 " $! $ #
„d+ "ÙD „%) = h+mO 3!J z%  e=  A
‰ $ P  § ($@1D< „d+ $! " # ($PE
.+.@ $ q +m6=
114
[./ 4 $+./ "0  F v)= (5m' $Jž 4
5D@" "$w+ 5+67" 5D@ $A+ $/<r L   (3w+
N 4 S1/ 5+ 3J+< -01 "0 Z 4 "~%
]EJ 0  510 L / 2016 2012 S' $%˜
2% eO +m v%E! Žƒ  % (J% 90  D $+./ 5D/
$A+8 v%ˆ  A .20132012  0  #0m L/D N/!
O L“ 2005 S  O ‰ ($H $w+ "0  F
-J  %70 k J  (—W  1  \ˆ 91  ? +.@
$+' "  A —A" $A+8 ¼< ! R (+#  `0
3; +#  $/<r = _ .%30 $E£ -D% „  ‘
-J 2% +.@ 5+.  / L (+.@ "/<r $%% 4 l'
.$ AH $%K) +dO 1!O —W  Ô 1 Ã u — $/%
R \^w $0 1/ R@ $£+ V +.@ $ v@  A
"0   +.@" $A+8 v%m Z! (— $J%8+ -J
$A+8 1/) "R a $ D= S%) $ + % +.@ $" "$w+
2016 $D Ì! + = — $J%8+ -J R 511# $
.0 % 166 %= $ / 
$H $w+ œA+8 u +.@ *1; O @+ h+
($) $1 $.+p 2% ;# 66)= 4 L  ($%;' O
4 l' 5+ % 2022 1J $de  *+8  %J 1) rEm
]Jf% $) "01/ "up L/J ]J# lM ($/.D Ã0=
.-+./
S%) 4 •E^  ~<J  3J+< L%
$% 1 0gM 4 $w+ 0 "]" $<Pr 4 $7
115
Ì! $w+ $% 1 +.@ "0 m" :k/ $+./ $)
5/" ¤d $ +.e $# $/.D 4 ..$.+p 2% 1# =
 (S ..$K0 L v= $ x7 50E "$ D
-O 2% S1/= O +.@ › $ 8 G = 1@ $ -O 2% ])E
5@ "0r ..‡w $Y+ 9:; ‘%ˆ v= +.@ O g $¿
.."—  %/W N< %  0 ])%= Ž' 5Ir 2 Q
 BE= O lM ) $) $w+ 4 K0  BE= O
 $J+< "]" $<Pr L/D= ."$) $% 1 4 K0
q *+ ) "w+  ; -1= +.@" k@ —W  1m Ã
1%A q *+ F \  O  d *1G O ($1 $' $Df% 
$/ $#! 4 › ..’<D bI% 01E 1%A ’/d ` L 
$w+ X1!™ 17 \QD  u „/P  O Œ  :; (_)
.1"$)

http://www.estad-aldoha.net/arabic/vews_view.php?id=37878 1
116
/  !#

$ # 9:; 4 ;+.= 2% +.@ L )= ‰ "' [D =


ÀD d ."$Dg $ " = $%  4 $   Dˆ *1q
"01/ $ P  $D +. $rp R0  
"+ˆ  ' $! S ;F ÀD; .ND<% $ ) F
_) †:# lM 2)= ‰ "'  ;V ...o0)
k#= $+./ $! O \V0 .œJM +.@ 2% *+) %
5O 2/= $! ¤d (\%@ 07  L@  5118 $dD
„d+ d= m  (h+m' " # 66)= 4 $O $ 
$ "+ˆ ($w+ "F. $de F $0+e
.¥M ...$d/ $E @F
$ # 2% b+ ' $) $+./ $7 C.p 2/=
1O) $%%@ "D eV 4 ($Dg $%@D vP“ 1/d ($!
lM „%P  $) lM r (1997 S) 4 $A+ NgM
v<Dr 1@ .2011 S) R%. Ì! _) u $ # 100  +AO
ZW LedO 2011 S) 4 ©$A+ "$) `A+= - $"
18 ?! kd À08 -O+% [. F /d (_) 4 g $A+8
`<D /d $%@D "bd  A ._) j›O z% ¨  +d %
#0 $#0 4 _) 4 S)g i1/= $1m LedO" 56KÉ [. F
`p S)% "’' N+ 4 g $A+8 LedO" (" '
C.p "1m 3.I= * (2013 S) %£ .?  2%
117
+AO \e .ƒ  _) u $.¿ 120  +AO $+./ $7
.1"+K. X1!O  5+Kg 120 
:D +.@ L )= ($Dg $7 $%@D +.= R 5b 
.$+E „d+ `/s 11# ? 0. jJM 2%1995 S)
0+/ [+  l' $%!+ 4 L ) 2005 +D 4 O1 1@
j  J 1) 117 0. ¤  .2011 S) m k AM
R<= (D +d % 24 lM LE  $1m l' $%!+
jD "%   AM 1) D +d % 50 lM 1) :;
.22015 S) 4
4 Wƒ= $%r L/ F $+./ $7 C.p k S/= 
+rD) k S/=   \œI \œD# \q0 z% ¨ 2% ~D
.+.@ $1 "$Dg $ " = $%  4 $%<  h+m'
:?  $+./ $7 C.p 0 L 
lM $!1 u lM  +d   1 uAO L/J 
._) j#0O R
‘x 4 s (_) lM ;+rD L "$Dg $ " L 
.¥M ...# +J' $d/ $! ]J7
u —1 R a "0 $p "0 \ 4 $ 
O $) $% 1 ;/= ‰ $JJ " H 4 $A0
.—1 R a "

Qatar Airways: http://www.qatarairways.com/qa/ar/homepage.html 1


.   * 
Qatar Airways: http://www.qatarairways.com/qa/ar/homepage.html 2
.   * 
118
†./ F $ x# Ÿ+ \QD= u +.@ $ 4 $! 66)= 
V œ!0 jDWO $!1 4  Re $@Ö +d
.5+8
2006 S) :D "O $+./ $7 C.p O vd
0)8 +.@ \ BrO Z£ (œ+Kg %) -: 0) $Vr
2% ‘x  F1 F Œ . f! uAO +./ 6+ -: " "
"+Kg 2% ng ;60 $1 \ Re= O "0O +.@ O
(M O 0 8M $ s  ($+./ $7 C.p .O
("0/ 1% u) (S' $ 01 2% _) †Ê
9+  =  O kd ‘8 F   .+.@ $1 o0' †)8 *+)
($) S LK "J 4 $+./ $7 C.p
u $JJ $d/ $D< $w+ ")< \ "0
.+./ "$Dg $ " `+= $1m 4 ]E=  %A (_)

119
&

= $VE $rp $+QD% LE< o+) F :; 1)


 O 1 F (+.@ $! 4 œ/.= $)   ("$Dg $ "
  3% ) „.  4 +.@ vP“ L; (+  K@ 2/
š3 Ž "$Dg $¢"
$)g@ O $= $ #M i1/= ΠF kJO 3e /= $ %) $w
$ % " #M -O i1/= ΠF kJ' :FO (   :; 
LA ‡“ h1 (\/= ~@ B "% ) S/ L@ ($/@ O
\/= Ñ  ($% ) 4 $g+^D +rD) "'  +ED 5O
:; Ls S/ .œO ;+rD L $% ) [ – Lr!
4  d (— ] O .D  (1/) 2/ \/  ~/
J+8O  A  $1  $%  3; "$Dg $¢" = $%  O
"D 1) FM ‡w  5+8  fK J + Q= F ?    / 
1@ +.@ 4 "$' \=" $%  O H (#O /) 1 ˆ 1@
1@ ŸK J ÀD; O RDŒ F :; .ž Ì! 1/  L@O  % +
(+.@ $ vDˆ 1/ .;+ 6 4 +.@ $1 L)< v//{
f J „/{  ("ng \ " $%  4 C+ÅF m 
: K0
"'  "[0"  $  <D +.@ "+d :FO
5IE $1 9:; 2% j1 F  ) ])E  " $f=+ F
O ])E  " kJO D; E/ ._)  $%<V 4 "$!"
121
O \e/ O  !F +.p œ O +.@ $ 3w0O o+) =
q)8 _)    À+{  N+ mF O \e
€Es ’=+= v= Ž' ($ $d/ $%;' œ QD
$¢+ œ +.@ R $@mO O $JJM O $ O $E @
.$%;'
h/ \ R $+./ "$ D 5/"+rD 1w)= O  A
$d+I7  <)w C/J 2% ]%I   +.@ $  hu
90  Œ ($1 $! 2% eKd G +d L ($d+IŒ1
-O R $ # †J $! 4 $1% "3f=+ F „ )" $6Ds
.hu $ %@ h/ 
5/" +rD z‹= m  +.@ $ vDˆ :JW
2% 1D = 511# 5@ +rD "O =   1 "$ D
”Kd +./ " ?   ./dO   51  "$HE" "@)
0 bf  "0" ]) 4 k<‹= O "$ D 5/" 
" -: 01 :; .$1 $ %@ "@) 4 ’
S ; ’¿ " (X1!' +K1   4  % Q!
"@) $ S%) 4 %ID •U X£O "0
"5+67 $8" "+.@ $" ƒ +K1 Æ/D R $rm ($1
2010 S) $Ž 4 v)1J ‰ 3 +) R + "0W 4
.2011 S) $%g "+ 
+rD   h1 -O lM :+m  ‡+. L / 4
("+.@ $"  $ H d=  "$Dg $ " "$ D 5/"
1D = š$ %@ $! 2% "+.@ 0"  j.V d= 
o+)= ‰ "%P   11) 2%  :; ‡+g 50+w
122
+.@ $ 1! bf  ; $rm (01 :q ’{ +g¨ +x˜
!' !O 4 O (o0)  ($J $d+I7 œJM
.$/.D 4 hu $1%/  $ %@ h/ 0O R (`dD 
b+ 4 Le< O L%P  :; †PrO h+ :' L%P 
($+./ $) $% 1 ‡fD R#+ F $/.D 4 -+./ 01
F kŠJ' L (]! "$' \=" 4 $+./ $1 $+ O
$1 h/ $+' 51P  "F " o0) 
R /d   fD 9+= (-+./ 01 À0= ‰ (h+m'
.$/.D 4  f=+   Y0
 1@ -+./ 01 O L%P  :; h+ :— L%P 
($#0m $%m $ "I  L L)< R#+ % w+)
0 R#+  O -O+ :; †PrO 2Ä 3%m1 h  2%
O (  $) œ "I= xM  d 3 %@ ;x<J +.@
L) 4 L%P  :; †PrO 9d +mž 3%m1 L)
•/J Dg 1 $1¿  —)= +.@ M Z! (3V+IŒ1
.1$%; $Dg "j<
+.@ R@s 5+8 ’=+ d ($#0p "I  L) O
k 1Aƒ= 4 ( +.w _) „gD +AO  1)= $/.D 4 4+I7
L/  4 ’' N+ +Q D= ‰ 0+/ F S1 $! 2%
LKO 4 (3) -E @F h1 D  0r ++/= dO (0QD
m ?1 R a 1  O +.m 23 ÀD; ƒ (2007 S)
4 0+/ F S1 $! +Ax 2% ++/  +E / _ (S/ 1/)
„P% 4 08O kJM L (3) ' 2% ‘x +WM (’' N+
http://www.alhiwar.net/ShowNews.php?Tnd=17988 1
123
€E R D w o0) = ‰ $#+H $ %@ e/ ¾p
 01/ $) 0.m' 6A+ LŒ ’F N+ O lM $)
.1;0W  z<^ % „D  6A+ LŒ
 ($/.D 4 $)@  "+E "6D O n) :;
3/%= O 1 F ("<P  0' N0™ ’%m   D Ÿ D
O 01 :; S1.r  xM $rm (-+./ 01 2% GQ )
+M $)) $1%/  $ %@ h/ €E 0O R o0)=
51E $ %@ h/ "! g " #= R O (LK+M
.(A+=)
)  `%–  +M †+! [F1J  ! 1 1@
O \V0 .1 9:q ’{ ‰ $#0p +g^ \;O  3f%p
) M L#' ($J/ $Jb  $ n= { $+./ $
0+r R (kJ¤d ($ # 9:;  L8 -O [@  !
4 +M "! g 3<U F $+ $D%) " n= 2% —+
$ # 9:; [@ $JM LQ= (Ÿ%p $/.D 2% œ@ o+d
."F !F LA 2% $! < œ1= LQ= ($ K@

http://www.alzaytouna.net/arabic/?c=201&a=67886 1
124
‫אאא א א   ‬

‫‪125‬‬
 0 + +#

Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building Strong Brands, Free Press, New York. -


Abraham, George.(2008). Qatar is Diplomatic Heavy-Hitter’, Al -
Jazeera.net, 21 July 2008. <http://english.aljazeera.net/
focus/2008/07/200872164735567644.html>
Argenti, A.Paul (2007). Corporate Communication.4th ed. New -
York: McGraw.
Anholt, S. (2007). “Competitive Identity: The Brand Management -
for Nations, Cities and Regions”. Houndmills: Palgrave
Macmillan. Xiii, p. 134
Anholt, S. (2008). “Why nation branding does not exist?” -
http://www.orangecontest.nl/docs/SimonAnholtNationBranding.pdf
Anthony Ryman.(no date): Brand Qatar To Be or not to be? -
http://www.explore-qatar.com/qatar-today/brand-qatar-be-or-not-
behttp://www.explore-qatar.com/qatar-today/brand-qatar-be-or-not-be
Bound , Kirsten, Briggs ,Rachel, Holden ,John, and Jones , Samuel -
(2007). Cultural Diplomacy. http://www.demos.co.uk/files/
Cultural%20diplomacy%20-%20web.pdf
Cincotta, Howard Cincotta, (1999). USIA’s Information Bureau, in -
State Magazine, February 1999. At http://www.state.gov/www/
publications.statemag/statemag_feb99
COMMUNICATIONS 2000. A vision for government -
communications in South Africa. http://www.gcis.gov.za/resource
_centre/reports/comtask/com_rep.pdf
Cooper, Andrew F. and Momani, Bessma. (2010). Qatar and expanded -
contours of Small State Diplomacy. http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/
~bmomani/documents/ISA2010-Qatar.pdf
Fan, Y. (2006), “Banding the nation: what is being branded?” -
Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12:1, 5-14
Easterly, William. And Kraay, Aart. (1999). Small States, Small -
Problems? Income, Growth, and Volatility in Small States.

127
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEC/Resources/SmallStatesSm
allProblems.pdf
Fan, Y. (No date). Branding the nation: towards a better -
understanding. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/3496/1/NB
%20Towards%20a%20better%20understanding.pdf
Gudjonsson, H. (2005). “Nation branding”, Place Branding, 1:3, -
283-29.
Hatch, M. J. and Schultz, M. (1997.) “Relations between -
organisational culture, identity and image”, European Journal of
Marketing, 31, 356-365.
Ham. P.Van(2003).War,lies,and Videotape:Public Diplomacy and -
USA’s war on Terrorism, Security Dialogue.34(4):427-444.
Hatch, M. J. and Schultz, M. (1997). “Relations between -
image”, European Journal of organisational culture, identity and
Marketing, 31, 356-365
Hans N. Tuch. (1990) Communicating with the world. St. Martin's -
Press, NY,
Kabn, J. (2006). “A brand-new approach”, Foreign Policy, -
Nov./Dec. available at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/
cms.php?story_id=3608
King, J. Mark coverage and perceptions of Qatar in major world -
newspapers http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2720192
Kotler, Philip and Armstrong, Gary.(2004). Principles of -
Marketing (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Kurbalija, Jovan (Ed.). 1998, Modern Diplomacy. Prepared by -
Academic Training Institute. http://www.ati.usacademy.info/
Books/Modern_Diplomacy.pdf
Lee, KM, (2009). “Nation branding and sustainable -
University of Twente, competitiveness of nations”, PhD thesis,
http://doc.utwente.nl/60754/1/thesis_K_M_Lee.pdf available at
Leslie de Chernatony. Adapting brand theory to the context of -
nation branding. In Keith dinnie. (2008). Nation Branding:
Concepts,Issues,Practice,Elsevier,Oxford. http://mbabooks.yolasite.com/
resources/Marketing/Nation%20Branding%20289Pages%20COLOR
ED.pdf
Oliver, Sandra. (2004). Hand book of corporate communication -

128
and Public Relations- pure and applied, London: Routledge.
Olins, W. (1999). Corporate identity: Making business strategy -
visible through design, Harvard Business School Press, Boston
Nye, Joseph. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World -
Politics. New York: Perseus Books.
Peterson, J.E. (2006). “Qatar and the World: Branding for a Micro- -
State,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 60 no. 4.
Rockower, Paul. (2008). Qatar’s Public Diplomacy -
http://mysite.verizon.net/SJRockower/PSR/QatarPDv4.pdf
Schleifer, S. Abdallah. “Al-Jazeera Update: More Datelines from -
Doha and a code of ethics,” Transnational Broadcasting Studies
(TBS) Journal no.10 (Spring 2003), available at
<http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Fall04/aljazeera_schleifer.html
Shannon Mattern.(no date): Font of a Nation: Creating a National -
Graphic Identity for Qatar. http://publicculture.org/articles/view/
20/3/font-of-a-nation-creating-a-national-graphic-iden.
Sharp, Paul. Making Sense of Citizen Diplomats, in: -
Jönsson/Langhorne, Diplomacy, vol.3, p. 343
Szondi, G. (2007) ‘The Role and Challenges of Country Branding -
the Central and Eastern Europe in Transition Countries:
experience’ Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3(1): 8-20.
http://www.nbiz.nl/publications/2008/20081022_pap_in_dip_nation
_branding.pdf
Qatar Statistics Authority (2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009): “Bulletin -
Labour force Sample Survey”. Direction URL: www.qsa.gov.qa
Supreme Council of Information& Communication Technology -
(ICT) (2009): “Qatar’s ICT Landscape Report”. Direction URL:
www.ict.gov.qa
  Qatar Foundation: http://www.qf.org.qa/ -
Qatar Airways: http://www.qatarairways.com/qa/ar/homepage.html -
    
  /atar tourism Authority: http://www.qatartourism.gov.qa

 !" #$%   /ttp://www.dohainstitute.org
"'  &
"' )("  ttp://www.brookings.edu/doha.aspx?sc_lang=ar
129
http://www.gsdp.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/GSDP_Vision_AR/GSDP
  + * _AR/What%20We%20Do_ar/QNV_2030_ar/Tab
,-(. 01.
2  34. 5!6 http://www.aspire.qa/ourvision.aspx
http://nation-branding.info/2010/10/13/nation-brands-index-2010/
http://www.gfkamerica.com/practice_areas/roper_pam/nbi_index/
index.en.html
http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/1.htm
7  * 8 9 :" http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5437.htm,
Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations. Christopher M. Blanchard. -
Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs. May 16, 2011. Congressional
prepared for Members and Committees Research Service. Report
of Congress. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL31718.pdf
;<=>  ? "'  www.dohacentre.org.
@ !*  ? A"' "'  www.dicid.org
B  5'   www.adf.org.qa
, EC> :D8http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/index.htm
http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/Local_News/Misc/Pages/Qatar
  EF+*  " PopulationJumpsto1,700,000byEndofMay
http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/qatar/150462-imf-qatars-per-
capita-income-to-hit-109900.htm
http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zp&p=/story.cfm/sidZAW
YA20110428035659/IMF_Qatars_Per_Capita_Income_To_Hit_
109900?cc

130
 +#

_ .$D;: 50E $) "@)  (2002) (5f 3% 


.5+;/  ] 
S) -O+ h1 $g+ L#+ $D;: 50E  3@1 1O 
.-+E
www.benaa-undp.org
..A 0 Ir 1% ..+.@  4+) M 
http://www.champress.net/index.php?q=ar/Article/view/74281
$Dg) —1 R a  (2008) (~  2 
$). („ (†+) †  { "0D (($g+/Œ1
.18

131
1   2

Î+<  Z! (1966 .%d 1 (3   z *J ●


.½ E= $ "@ 0 
1 )  S $dPE 4  # 5 8 2% Lr! ●
.1990 S †+I $dPE% ?)
"@) ½ E=F 4  # 5 8 2% Lr! ●
.1998 1D †+V $)#  $)
S) Ì! 1D 0' †+I 4 $ +) $dPE 4 L  ●
.2008
 D (1D 4 $ +) zPE  1 ]= 4 + L  ●
.$+./ $+ $=0 {F $  S) -O+
$+./ $7 C.p 4 $ "@)% +1 L  ●
.19971995
kM" †+) 6<%= 0 $8 4 $) "@)% +1 L  ●
.20102008 "½ 0
($' " 0 A" $<Pr ++{ `K0 À0 ` ●
.1997 1996 1D
"0  " 0 = ¡1+ " $A+8 1994 S) 4 `O ●
.1D 4 $
11)% $ "@) $) "@) 4 0  L  ●
.$J.u $ +) "A+ 
133
½ E=F S 4 L )   + m ●
4 À08  A ($ X£' +0/   11) 6“O
._) ! ")< "1D "+ˆ  11)

134

You might also like