Testing of Movement

Objectives:

 To familiarize students with the different types of movements

 To teach students how to assess range of motion (ROM)

 To identify common movement abnormalities and their clinical significance

Materials:

 Goniometer

 Tape measure

 Pen and paper

Procedure:

1. Review the anatomy and physiology of movement:

 Discuss the different types of movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
internal rotation, and external rotation.

 Explain the role of muscles, bones, and joints in movement.

2. Assessment of range of motion (ROM):

 Demonstrate the technique for measuring ROM using a goniometer.

 Emphasize the importance of proper positioning and alignment.

 Measure the ROM for various joints, including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle.

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Goniometer for measuring ROM

3. Interpretation of ROM:

 Discuss the normal ROM for different joints and ages.

 Identify common ROM abnormalities, such as restricted ROM, increased ROM, and painful ROM.
  Correlate ROM abnormalities with musculoskeletal conditions.

4. Assessment of strength:

 Demonstrate the technique for assessing muscle strength using manual muscle testing (MMT).

 Emphasize the importance of grading muscle strength using a standardized scale, such as the
Medical Research Council (MRC) scale.

 Assess the strength of major muscle groups, including the upper and lower extremities.

5. Interpretation of muscle strength:

 Discuss the normal muscle strength for different muscle groups and ages.

 Identify common muscle weakness abnormalities.

 Correlate muscle weakness abnormalities with musculoskeletal conditions.

6. Assessment of gait:

 Observe the patient's gait as they walk.

 Assess the patient's gait pattern, including stance phase, swing phase, and overall coordination.

 Identify common gait abnormalities, such as antalgic gait, spastic gait, and ataxic gait.

7. Interpretation of gait abnormalities:

 Correlate gait abnormalities with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions.

Discussion:

 Emphasize the importance of movement assessment in evaluating musculoskeletal and

neurological function.

 Discuss the clinical significance of movement abnormalities.

 Encourage students to practice assessing ROM, strength, and gait.

Additional Considerations:

 Consider the patient's age, developmental stage, and any underlying medical conditions when
interpreting movement abnormalities.

 Document movement abnormalities clearly in the patient's chart.

 Encourage patients to participate in regular physical activity to maintain normal ROM, strength,
and gait.