Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GONIA - Angle
METRON - Measure
BASIC CONCEPTS
Goniometry refers to the measurement of
angles created at human joints by the
bones of the body.
3. Ligamentous stretch
2. Gravity dependent
goniometer/inclinometers, pendulum,
fluid or bubble goniometer.
3. Electrogoniometer
Alignment
Is based on anatomical land marks
Stationary arm is in parallel to longitudinal
axis of the proximal segment of the joint
Moving arm in parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the distal segment
PROCEDURES
The examiner must The examiner must
have knowledge of have the skill to
1. Testing positions 1. Position and stabilize
2. Stabilization required correctly
3. Joint structure and 2. Move a body part
function through proper ROM
4. Normal end feel 3. Determine the end
5. Anatomical bony ROM i.e. end feel
landmarks 4. Palpate bony landmarks
6. Instrument alignment 5. Align measuring
instrument with
landmarks
6. Read measuring
instrument
7. Record measurements
correctly
Positioning & stabilization
Testing positions are designed to
1. Place the joint in a starting position of 0˚
2. Permits complete ROM
3. Provide stabilization for the proximal
joint segment
4. Positional stabilization may be
supplemented by manual stabilization
provided by the examiner
Recording
Recordings are done in numerical tables, pictorial
charts or within the written text of evaluation.
Recordings should include the following
1. Subject’s name age and sex
2. Examiner’s name
3. Date and time
4. Make and type of goniometer
5. Side of body, joint and motion being measured
6. ROM at the beginning of motion and at the end of
motion
7. Type of motion i.e. passive or active
8. Subjective information such as pain, discomfort etc
9. Objective information like muscle spasm, crepitus,
capsular or noncapsular pattern etc
10. Description on any deviation from recommended
testing position
Factors Affecting ROM
Soft tissue tightness
Adhesion formation
Injuries or inflammation around the joint
Muscle bulk
Sex
Age
Nervous system