Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Immortal life
Mostly was explored in 2021, maybe it is an influence of covid19? Or because of the
development of this scientific field. Should check
Turritopsis dohrnii
Axolotls
Fortunately for tissue regeneration research, there is a group of vertebrates called urodeles that
can perfectly regenerate various tissues following amputation or injury through the process of
epimorphic regeneration.
With the advent of molecular biology, the field is now focusing on the identification of the genes
and signaling pathways orchestrating the cellular events that give rise to the replacement of lost
or damaged tissues.
Forming the blastema (a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body
parts) with the proliferation and migration of the dedifferentiated cells.
2
Nerves are not required for the second phase after the creation of the pattern morphogenesis,
Denervation of limbs,
Hox genes- specify the regions of the body plan or embryo, ensuring that the right structure of an
organism is in the correct body segment.
Hox genes encode transcriptional regulatory proteins that control axial patterning in all
bilaterians (Garcia-Fernandez, 2005).
The expression of sonic hedgehog is identical to the expression of hox genes during limb
regeneration as observed during embryogenesis.
Gardiner published a paper describing the expression of hox A9 and A11 genes during the
process of axolotl regeneration.
During the preparation phase: A9 is expressed early in the entire limb bud, and A11 later in distal
parts of a limb bud.
Regeneration phase:
Only in the redevelopment phase, a pattern of A9 and A11 starts separate their expressions: A9
in the entire blastema and hox A11 in the distal parts of the blastema (similar to the earlier phase
- development). Overlapping occurs in the most distal parts, whereas proximal regions express
A9.
These results determine that the most distal parts are specified first, and sections between stump
and blastema are intercaleted after. In addition results confirm the model of regeniration by the
intercaletion.
The role of the hox A9 gene has not been determined yet. Whereas deletions of the whole HOXD
gene cluster considered as a reason leading the severe limb and gential abnormalities.
Nerves
Summary and notes for the article "Limb Regeneration in Axolotl: Is It Superhealing?" Stéphane
Roy* and Mathieu Lévesque Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de
Montréal, C.P. 6128 succursale Centre-ville Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 3J7.
A blastema is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts.
A gene cluster is a group of two or more genes found within an organism's DNA that encode
similar polypeptides, or proteins, which collectively share a generalized function and are often
located within a few thousand base pairs of each other.
Whereas-тогда как
mentiond- упомянул
proximal - термин в анатомии, указывающий на расположение органа или его части ближе
к центру тела или к срединной (медианной) его плоскости; противоположен термину
дистальный, в руке человека плечо — П. отдел, а кисть — дистальный.
2. Evolution
ТЕОРИЯ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ КАК ОБЪЯСНЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО
ПОВЕДЕНИЯ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЯ
Употребление алкоголя
С алкоголем сложнее, потому что сам этанол активно участвует в разрушении организма.
лсд
Как оказалось, у ЛСД есть структурная особенность, которая связывает вещество с
рецептором на долгое время, и это позволяет человеку находиться в состоянии
наркотического опьянения много часов подряд.